1
|
Geng H, An Q, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6748-6756. [PMID: 37480499 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The deimination or citrullination of arginine residues in the polypeptide chain by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 alters the charge state of the polypeptide chain and affects the function of proteins. It is one of the main ways of protein post-translational modifications to regulate its function. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 is widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs of the body, especially the central nervous system, and regulates the normal development of organisms. The abnormal expression and activation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 is an important pathological mechanism for the occurrence and development of central nervous system diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, and glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Geng
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang An
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshuo Zhang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhang Huang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Umejiego E, Paramo R, Zafiris A, Mullane E, Bargagna-Mohan P, Mohan R. A corneo-retinal hypercitrullination axis underlies ocular injury to nitrogen mustard. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109485. [PMID: 37080381 PMCID: PMC10214858 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The vesicant sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that causes acute and chronic injury to the cornea and proximal anterior segment structures. Despite clinical evidence of SM-exposure causing unexplained retinal deficits, there have been no animal studies conducted to examine the retinal toxicity of this vesciant. The cardinal hallmark of retinal response to stressors or injury is the activation of reactive gliosis, a cellular process largely governed by Müller glia. Previously we showed that corneal exposure to sodium hydroxide elicits rapid induction of reactive gliosis and results in retinal degeneration in a dose-related manner. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that the vesicant nitrogen mustard (NM), an analog of SM, may also elicit reactive gliosis. To test this idea, we developed a mouse model of NM ocular injury and investigated corneal and retinal effects focusing on citrullination, a posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins. This PTM was recently linked to alkali injury and has also been shown to occur in retinal degenerative conditions. Here, we demonstrate that corneal exposure to 1% NM causes a synchronous activation of citrullination in both the cornea and retina with hypercitrullination becoming apparent temporally and manifesting with altered cellular expression characteristics. A key finding is that ocular citrullination occurs acutely as early as 1-h post-injury in both the cornea and retina, which underscores a need for expeditious interception of this acute corneal and retinal response. Moreover, exploiting dose response and temporal studies, we uncoupled NM-induced retinal citrullination from its induction of retinal gliosis. Our findings demonstrate that hypercitrullination is a common corneo-retinal mechanism that sensitizes the eye to NM injury and suggests that counteracting hypercitrullination may provide a suitable countermeasure to vesicant injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezigbobiara Umejiego
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ricky Paramo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Zafiris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elias Mullane
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Paola Bargagna-Mohan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Royce Mohan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palko SI, Saba NJ, Bargagna-Mohan P, Mohan R. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 deficiency protects against subretinal fibrosis by inhibiting Müller glial hypercitrullination. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:464-479. [PMID: 36579746 PMCID: PMC10041335 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinal scarring with vision loss continues to be an enigma in individuals with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Müller glial cells are believed to initiate and perpetuate scarring in retinal degeneration as these glial cells participate in reactive gliosis and undergo hypertrophy. We previously showed in the murine laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularization that models wet-AMD that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, an early marker of reactive gliosis, increases along with its posttranslational modification citrullination. This was related to increased co-expression of the citrullination enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4), which also colocalizes to GFAP filaments. However, whether such hypercitrullination in Müller glial drives fibrotic pathology has remained understudied. Here, using male and female C57Bl6 mice subjected to laser injury, we investigated in a temporal study how citrullination impacts GFAP and PAD4 dynamics. We found that high molecular weight citrullinated species that accumulate in Müller glia corresponded with dynamic changes in GFAP and PAD4 showing their temporal redistribution from polymeric cytoskeletal to soluble protein fractions using immunostaining and western blot analysis. In conditional glial-specific PAD4 knockout (PAD4cKO) mice subjected to laser injury, there was a stark reduction of citrullination and of polymerized GFAP filaments. These injured PAD4cKO retinas showed improved lesion healing, as well as reduced fibronectin deposition in the subretinal space at 30 days. Taken together, these findings reveal that pathologically overexpressed PAD4 in reactive Müller glia governs GFAP filament dynamics and alters their stability, suggesting chronic PAD4-driven hypercitrullination may be a target for retinal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Palko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicholas J Saba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paola Bargagna-Mohan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Royce Mohan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nabihah Nasir N, Sekar M, Ravi S, Wong LS, Sisinthy SP, Gan SH, Subramaniyan V, Chidambaram K, Mat Rani NNI, Begum MY, Ramar M, Safi SZ, Selvaraj S, Chinna Maruthu SK, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Lum PT, Djearamane S. Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Pharmacology of Streptonigrin: An Old Molecule with Future Prospects for New Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1065-1078. [PMID: 37064433 PMCID: PMC10094529 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptonigrin is an aminoquinone alkaloid isolated from Streptomyces flocculus and is gaining attention as a drug molecule owing to its potential antitumor and antibiotic effects. It was previously used as an anticancer drug but has been discontinued because of its toxic effects. However, according to the most recent studies, the toxicity of streptonigrin and its structurally modified derivatives has been reduced while maintaining their potential pharmacological action at lower concentrations. To date, many investigations have been conducted on this molecule and its derivatives to determine the most effective molecule with low toxicity to enable new drug discovery. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review and to discuss the prospects for streptonigrin and its derived compounds, which may boost the molecule as a highly interesting target molecule for new drug design, development and therapy. To complete this review, relevant literature was collected from several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect. Following a complete screening, the obtained information is summarized in the present review to provide a good reference and accelerate the development and utilization of streptonigrin and its derivatives as pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naurah Nabihah Nasir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Subban Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Ling Shing Wong, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia, Tel +6014 – 3034057, Email
| | - Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohankumar Ramar
- Department of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, 42610, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | | | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, 31900, Malaysia
- Sinouvassane Djearamane, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia, Tel +6016 – 4037685, Email
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Compartmentalized citrullination in Muller glial endfeet during retinal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2121875119. [PMID: 35197297 PMCID: PMC8917347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121875119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Muller glia (MG) play a central role in reactive gliosis, a stress response associated with rare and common retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The posttranslational modification citrullination targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in MG was initially discovered in a panocular chemical injury model. Here, we report in the paradigms of retinal laser injury, a genetic model of spontaneous retinal degeneration (JR5558 mice) and human wet-AMD tissues that MG citrullination is broadly conserved. After laser injury, GFAP polymers that accumulate in reactive MG are citrullinated in MG endfeet and glial cell processes. The enzyme responsible for citrullination, peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4), localizes to endfeet and associates with GFAP polymers. Glial cell–specific PAD4 deficiency attenuates retinal hypercitrullination in injured retinas, indicating PAD4 requirement for MG citrullination. In retinas of 1-mo-old JR5558 mice, hypercitrullinated GFAP and PAD4 accumulate in MG endfeet/cell processes in a lesion-specific manner. Finally, we show that human donor maculae from patients with wet-AMD also feature the canonical endfeet localization of hypercitrullinated GFAP. Thus, we propose that endfeet are a “citrullination bunker” that initiates and sustains citrullination in retinal degeneration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu K, Proost P. Insights into peptidylarginine deiminase expression and citrullination pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:746-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Chi H, Hao W, Qi X, Zhang T, Dong Y, Gao H, Wei C, Shi W. A proteomic approach towards understanding the pathogenesis of Mooren's ulcer. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108509. [PMID: 33647271 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mooren's ulcer (MU) is a refractory autoimmune corneal ulcer with a high recurrence rate. So far, its molecular profiles and pathomechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aim to characterize the protein profiles of MU specimens by data-independent-acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS), and to define the functions of differentially-expressed proteins (DEPs). Through LC-MS/MS, 550 DEPs were identified between MU biopsies and age-matched controls (Ctrl). KEGG analysis revealed that the significantly enriched pathways of the up-regulated proteins mainly covered lysosomes, antigen processing and presentation, and phagosomes. We subsequently validated the expressions of the selected candidates using parallel-reaction-monitoring (PRM)-based MS and immunohistochemistry (IHC), including cathepsins, TIMP3, MMP-10, MYOC, PIGR, CD74, CAT, SOD2, and SOD3. Moreover, immunoglobulin (Ig) components and B lymphocytes associated proteins MZB1, HSPA5, and LAP3 in MU were significantly increased and validated by PRM-based MS and IHC. The remarkable enrichment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) components in MU samples was also identified and determined. The up-regulated Ig components and NETs components suggested that B lymphocytes and neutrophils participated in the immunopathology of MU. Importantly, we also identified and validated much more expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) in MU samples. The double-immunofluorescence staining showed the co-localization of citrulline residues with MPO, NE, and IgG in MU samples. These results indicated the presences of PADI4-mediated citrullination modification and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in MU samples. Our findings, for the first time, provide a global proteomic signature of MU, which may open a new avenue towards disease pathology and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenpei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li D, Liu X, Liu T, Liu H, Tong L, Jia S, Wang YF. Neurochemical regulation of the expression and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes. Glia 2019; 68:878-897. [PMID: 31626364 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a type III intermediate filament, is a marker of mature astrocytes. The expression of GFAP gene is regulated by many transcription factors (TFs), mainly Janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 cascade and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling. GFAP expression is also modulated by protein kinase and other signaling molecules that are elicited by neuronal activity and hormones. Abnormal expression of GFAP proteins occurs in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, brain edema-eliciting diseases, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders and others. GFAP, mainly in α-isoform, is the major component of cytoskeleton and the scaffold of astrocytes, which is essential for the maintenance of astrocytic structure and shape. GFAP also has highly morphological plasticity because of its quick changes in assembling and polymerizing states in response to environmental challenges. This plasticity and its corresponding cellular morphological changes endow astrocytes the functions of physical barrier between adjacent neurons and stabilizer of extracellular environment. Moreover, GFAP colocalizes and even molecularly associates with many functional molecules. This feature allows GFAP to function as a platform for direct interactions between different molecules. Last, GFAP involves transportation and localization of other functional proteins and thus serves as a protein transport guide in astrocytes. This guiding role of GFAP involves an elastic retraction and extension cytoskeletal network that couples with GFAP reassembling, transporting, and membrane protein recycling machinery. This paper reviews our current understanding of the expression and functions of GFAP as well as their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pathological consequences of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in tear fluid and therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 18:80-97. [PMID: 31606460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of Anti-Citrullinated Protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) in the pathology of dry eye disease (DED) and the therapeutic potential of pooled human immune globulin-eye drops in these patients. METHODS We investigated the presence of citrullinated proteins and ACPAs in ocular surface wash (OSW) and conjunctival impressions from patients with DED and determined the pathological consequences of OSW with high ACPA using in vitro experiments and in vivo murine models. We performed a randomized, double-masked, pilot clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of using pooled human immune globulin-eye drops to treat DED patients with ACPAs in OSW. RESULTS We found that neutrophils are a source of citrullinated proteins on the ocular surface of DED patients. We detected significantly higher immunoglobulin amount and presence of several species of ACPAs in OSW from DED patients. We also found that OSW with high ACPA contributes to production of NETs, and that ACPAs cause ocular surface disease in murine eyes, both of which are reduced with addition of Immune globulins. As compared to Vehicle treatment, pooled human immune globulin-eye drops (IVIG 4 mg/mL) twice a day for 8 weeks caused significant reduction in signs and symptoms of DED with no difference in tolerability or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating ACPAs in OSW of DED patients and their contribution to ocular surface disease. The first-in-human clinical trial suggests that pooled immune globulin-eye drops are a potential new class of biologic therapies for Dry Eye patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnichels S, Kiebler T, Hurst J, Maliha AM, Löscher M, Dick HB, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Joachim SC. Retinal Organ Cultures as Alternative Research Models. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 47:19-29. [DOI: 10.1177/0261192919840092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo organ cultures represent unique research models, as they combine the advantages of cell cultures with those of animal models. Being able to mimic in vivo situations through the use of organ cultures provides an excellent opportunity to investigate cellular processes, molecular pathways and cell–cell interactions, as well as structural and synaptic organisation. Human and animal organ cultures are now well established and comprise sensitive, easy-to-manipulate experimental systems that raise minimal ethical concerns. The eye, in particular, is a very complex organ that is not easy to reproduce in vitro. However, a lot of research has been dedicated to the development of suitable ocular organ cultures. This review covers the various ex vivo retinal organ culture systems available for use in ophthalmology research and compares them with commonly used animal models. In particular, bovine and porcine retinal organ culture systems are described, because the size, anatomy, physiology and vessel morphology of bovine and porcine eyes are similar to the human eye in an undisputed way, thus making them good models. In addition, these animals are widely used by the food industry and the eyes are considered surplus material. A short overview of murine, rat, rabbit, cat, canine and simian retinal organ cultures is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schnichels
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kiebler
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - José Hurst
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana M. Maliha
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Löscher
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cho J, Bell N, Botzet G, Vora P, Fowler BJ, Donahue R, Bush H, Taylor BK, Albuquerque RJC. Latent Sensitization in a Mouse Model of Ocular Neuropathic Pain. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30937216 PMCID: PMC6436610 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic ocular pain is poorly understood and difficult to manage. We developed a murine model of corneal surface injury (CSI)-induced chronic ocular neuropathic pain. The study focuses on changes in corneal nerve morphology and associated short- and long-term pain-like behavior after CSI. Methods CSI was induced in mice by local application of an alkali solution (0.75 N NaOH). Corneal nerve architecture, morphology, density, and length were studied. Eye-wiping was evaluated before and after CSI in response to hypertonic saline (2 M NaCl). Naltrexone (NTX) or Naloxone-methiodide (NLX-me), opioid receptor antagonists, were given subcutaneously (s.c., 3 mg/kg) or topically (eye drop, 100 μM), and then an eye-wiping test was performed. Results CSI caused partial corneal deinnervation followed by gradual reinnervation. Regenerated nerves displayed increased tortuosity, beading, and branching. CSI enhanced hypertonic saline-induced eye-wiping behavior compared to baseline or sham-injury (P < 0.01). This hypersensitivity peaked at 10 days and subsided 14 days after CSI. Administration of NTX, or NLX-me, a selective peripheral opioid antagonist, reinstated eye-wiping behavior in the injury group, but not in the sham groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study introduces a model of chronic ocular pain and corneal neuropathy following CSI. CSI induces central and peripheral opioid receptor-dependent latent sensitization (LS) that is unmasked by systemic or topical administration of opioid antagonists. Translational Relevance This model of chronic ocular pain establishes LS as a new inhibitory mechanism in the oculotrigeminal system and may be used for potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for ocular neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Botzet
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paras Vora
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renee Donahue
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Magnadóttir B, Bragason BT, Bricknell IR, Bowden T, Nicholas AP, Hristova M, Guðmundsdóttir S, Dodds AW, Lange S. Peptidylarginine deiminase and deiminated proteins are detected throughout early halibut ontogeny - Complement components C3 and C4 are post-translationally deiminated in halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:1-19. [PMID: 30395876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational protein deimination is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which are calcium dependent enzymes conserved throughout phylogeny with physiological and pathophysiological roles. Protein deimination occurs via the conversion of protein arginine into citrulline, leading to structural and functional changes in target proteins. In a continuous series of early halibut development from 37 to 1050° d, PAD, total deiminated proteins and deiminated histone H3 showed variation in temporal and spatial detection in various organs including yolksac, muscle, skin, liver, brain, eye, spinal cord, chondrocytes, heart, intestines, kidney and pancreas throughout early ontogeny. For the first time in any species, deimination of complement components C3 and C4 is shown in halibut serum, indicating a novel mechanism of complement regulation in immune responses and homeostasis. Proteomic analysis of deiminated target proteins in halibut serum further identified complement components C5, C7, C8 C9 and C1 inhibitor, as well as various other immunogenic, metabolic, cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins. Post-translational deimination may facilitate protein moonlighting, an evolutionary conserved phenomenon, allowing one polypeptide chain to carry out various functions to meet functional requirements for diverse roles in immune defences and tissue remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Birkir Thor Bragason
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ian R Bricknell
- Aquaculture Research Institute School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Timothy Bowden
- Aquaculture Research Institute School of Food & Agriculture, University of Maine, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Anthony P Nicholas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | - Sigríður Guðmundsdóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Alister W Dodds
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Magnadóttir B, Hayes P, Hristova M, Bragason BT, Nicholas AP, Dodds AW, Guðmundsdóttir S, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination in cod (Gadus morhua L.) ontogeny novel roles in tissue remodelling and mucosal immune defences? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:157-170. [PMID: 29908202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium dependent enzymes with physiological and pathophysiological roles conserved throughout phylogeny. PADs promote post-translational deimination of protein arginine to citrulline, altering the structure and function of target proteins. Deiminated proteins were detected in the early developmental stages of cod from 11 days post fertilisation to 70 days post hatching. Deiminated proteins were present in mucosal surfaces and in liver, pancreas, spleen, gut, muscle, brain and eye during early cod larval development. Deiminated protein targets identified in skin mucosa included nuclear histones; cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin and beta-actin; metabolic and immune related proteins such as galectin, mannan-binding lectin, toll-like receptor, kininogen, Beta2-microglobulin, aldehyde dehydrogenase, bloodthirsty and preproapolipoprotein A-I. Deiminated histone H3, a marker for anti-pathogenic neutrophil extracellular traps, was particularly elevated in mucosal tissues in immunostimulated cod larvae. PAD-mediated protein deimination may facilitate protein moonlighting, allowing the same protein to exhibit a range of biological functions, in tissue remodelling and mucosal immune defences in teleost ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Polly Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX, London, UK.
| | - Birkir Thor Bragason
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Anthony P Nicholas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alister W Dodds
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sigríður Guðmundsdóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barliya T, Dardik R, Nisgav Y, Dachbash M, Gaton D, Kenet G, Ehrlich R, Weinberger D, Livnat T. Possible involvement of NETosis in inflammatory processes in the eye: Evidence from a small cohort of patients. Mol Vis 2017; 23:922-932. [PMID: 29296072 PMCID: PMC5741378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether NETosis is involved in cytokine-induced ocular inflammation and to track neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) complexes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS For the animal model, the eyes of C57BL/6J mice were intravitreally injected with interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or saline. Histology and immunofluorescence staining for CD11b, neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated histone 3 (H3Cit), and net-like structure were performed. Vitreous samples were collected from patients with PDR; the PDR1 group had no need for repeated surgical intervention, and the PDR2 group had repeated vitreous bleeding or other complication and controls. Levels of MPO, H3Cit-MPO, and NE-MPO complex were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Massive influx of CD11+ inflammatory cells, involving the anterior and posterior chambers, was observed in the murine eyes 24 h after the IL-8 or TNF-α injections. Cells excreted to their surroundings an extracellular net-like structure positive for NE, MPO, and H3Cit. H3Cit staining was abolished with the DNase I treatment, indicating the presence of extracellular DNA in the net-like structures. The vitreous samples of the patients with PDR2 contained statistically significantly higher levels of MPO (173±230) compared to those of the patients with PDR1 (12.0±33.0, p<0.05) or the controls (0.00, p<0.01). The levels of H3Cit-MPO and NE-MPO complexes were also statistically significantly higher in the patients with PDR2 (776.0±1274, 573.0±911.0, respectively) compared to those in the patients with PDR1 (0, p<0.05) and the controls (0, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed the existence of NETosis in cytokine-induced ocular inflammation in a mouse model and human samples. Furthermore, the extent of NET complex formation was higher in a subset of patients who exhibited more complicated PDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilda Barliya
- Laboratory of Eye research Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rima Dardik
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Nisgav
- Laboratory of Eye research Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Mor Dachbash
- Laboratory of Eye research Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dan Gaton
- Division of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center- Beilinson campus, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gili Kenet
- The Israeli National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rita Ehrlich
- Division of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center- Beilinson campus, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dov Weinberger
- Laboratory of Eye research Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Division of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center- Beilinson campus, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tami Livnat
- Laboratory of Eye research Felsenstein Medical Research Center (FMRC), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,The Israeli National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| |
Collapse
|