1
|
The Histamine System in Zebrafish Brain: Organization, Receptors, and Behavioral Roles. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:291-302. [PMID: 34761361 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three of the four histamine receptors have been identified in zebrafish. Whereas only one histamine receptor 1 gene (hrh1) is known, two copies of histamine receptor 2 (hrh2a and hrh2b) have been identified. Although initially only one gene encoding for histamine receptor 3 (hrh3) was recognized in zebrafish, the genome database contains information for two more hrh3-like genes, whereas no genes corresponding for histamine receptor 4 with expression mainly in the immune system have been identified. Hrh1 and hrh3 show prominent uneven expression in the zebrafish brain, with the strongest expression in the dorsal telencephalon. Quantitatively significant expression of hrh1, hrh2, and hrh3 can also be found in several peripheral organs. Whereas antagonists of hrh1, hrh2, and hrh3 all affect the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, interpretation of the data is hampered by a lack of information on receptor binding and signaling characteristics. Zebrafish mutants lacking any of the three histamine receptors have shown modest behavioral phenotypes, possibly due to genetic compensation. None of the receptor mutant fish have shown significant sleep phenotypes. Adult zebrafish lacking hrh3 display decreased locomotor activity. The zebrafish histamine system shows significant life-long plasticity: presenilin 1 mutant zebrafish develop an abnormally large number of histamine neurons and increased thigmotaxis and anxiety-related phenotype. Overexpression of histidine decarboxylase (hdc) in larval zebrafish is associated with an increased number of hypocretin neurons, whereas translation inhibition of hdc or exposure to α-fluoromethylhistidine leads to decreased numbers of hypocretin neurons. Current pharmacological evidence suggests that this may be mediated by hrh1. Further studies using acute, e.g., pharmacogenetic or optogenetic manipulation of selected components of brain circuits, are required to understand the full range of physiological functions of zebrafish histamine receptors.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Tissue or organ regeneration is a complex process with successful outcomes depending on the type of tissue and organism. Upon damage, mammals can only efficiently restore a few tissues including the liver, skin, epithelia of the lung, kidney, and gut. In contrast, lower vertebrates such as zebrafish possess an extraordinary regeneration ability, which restores the normal function of a broad spectrum of tissues including heart, fin, brain, spinal cord, and retina. This regeneration process is either mediated by the proliferation of resident stem cells, or cells that dedifferentiate into a stem cell-like. In recent years, evidence has suggested that the innate immune system can modulate stem cell activity to initiate the regenerative response to damage. This review will explore some of the newer concepts of inflammation in zebrafish regeneration in different tissues. Understanding how inflammation regulates regeneration in zebrafish would provide important clues to improve the therapeutic strategies for repairing injured mammalian tissues that do not have an inherent regenerative capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iribarne
- Center for Zebrafish Research, Department of Biological Sciences; Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potential Molecular Mechanism and Biomarker Investigation for Spinal Cord Injury Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1345-1353. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
4
|
Cigliola V, Becker CJ, Poss KD. Building bridges, not walls: spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/5/dmm044131. [PMID: 32461216 PMCID: PMC7272344 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition in which massive cell death and disruption of neural circuitry lead to long-term chronic functional impairment and paralysis. In mammals, spinal cord tissue has minimal capacity to regenerate after injury. In stark contrast, the regeneration of a completely transected spinal cord and accompanying reversal of paralysis in adult zebrafish is arguably one of the most spectacular biological phenomena in nature. Here, we review reports from the last decade that dissect the mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. We highlight recent progress as well as areas requiring emphasis in a line of study that has great potential to uncover strategies for human spinal cord repair. Summary: Unlike mammals, teleost fish are capable of efficient, spontaneous recovery after a paralyzing spinal cord injury. Here, we highlight the major events through which laboratory model zebrafish regenerate spinal cord tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Clayton J Becker
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mi YJ, Chen H, Guo N, Sun MY, Zhao ZH, Gao XC, Wang XL, Zhang RS, Zhou JB, Gou XC. Inhibition of PirB Activity by TAT-PEP Improves Mouse Motor Ability and Cognitive Behavior. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:199. [PMID: 28676756 PMCID: PMC5476690 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), a functional receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory proteins, plays an important role in axon regeneration in injured brains. However, its role in normal brain function with age has not been previously investigated. Therefore in this study, we examined the expression level of PirB in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of mice at 1 month, 3 months and 18 months of age. The results showed that the expression of PirB increased with age. We further demonstrated that overexpression of PirB inhibited neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, and this inhibitory activity of PirB could be reversed by TAT-PEP, which is a recombinant soluble PirB ectodomain fused with TAT domain for blood-brain barrier penetration. In vivo study, intraperitoneal administration of TAT-PEP was capable of enhancing motor capacity and spatial learning and memory in mice, which appeared to be mediated through regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion. Our study suggests that PirB is associated with aging and TAT-PEP may be a promising therapeutic agent for modulation of age-related motor and cognitive dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Mi
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Na Guo
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Meng-Yi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Xing-Chun Gao
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Rui-San Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Jiang-Bing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xing-Chun Gou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|