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Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
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Ning H, Ren H, Zhao Y, Yin H, Gan Z, Shen Y, Yu Y. Targeting the DP2 receptor alleviates muscle atrophy and diet-induced obesity in mice through oxidative myofiber transition. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:342-355. [PMID: 36527201 PMCID: PMC9891918 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian skeletal muscles consist of two main fibre types: slow-twitch (type I, oxidative) and fast-twitch (type IIa, fast oxidative; type IIb/IIx, fast glycolytic). Muscle fibre composition switch is closely associated with chronic diseases such as muscle atrophy, obesity, type II diabetes and athletic performance. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) is a bioactive lipid derived from arachidonic acid that aggravates muscle damage and wasting during muscle atrophy. This study aimed to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying PGD2 -mediated muscle homeostasis and myogenesis. METHODS Skeletal muscle-specific PGD2 receptor DP2-deficient mice (DP2fl/fl HSACre ) and their littermate controls (DP2fl/fl ) were subjected to exhaustive exercise and fed a high-fat diet (HFD). X-linked muscular dystrophy (MDX) mice and HFD-challenged mice were treated with the selective DP2 inhibitor CAY10471. Exercise tolerance, body weight, glycometabolism and skeletal muscle fibre composition were measured to determine the role of the skeletal muscle PGD2 /DP2 signalling axis in obesity and muscle disorders. Multiple genetic and pharmacological approaches were also used to investigate the intracellular signalling cascades underlying the PGD2 /DP2-mediated skeletal muscle fibre transition. RESULTS PGD2 generation and DP2 expression were significantly upregulated in the hindlimb muscles of HFD-fed mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 vs. normal chow diet). Compared with DP2fl/fl mice, DP2fl/fl HSACre mice exhibited remarkable glycolytic-to-oxidative fibre-type transition in hindlimb muscles and were fatigue resistant during endurance exercise (154.9 ± 6.0 vs. 124.2 ± 8.1 min, P < 0.05). DP2fl/fl HSACre mice fed an HFD showed less weight gain (P < 0.05) and hepatic lipid accumulation (P < 0.01), reduced insulin resistance and enhanced energy expenditure (P < 0.05) compared with DP2fl/fl mice. Mechanistically, DP2 deletion promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) by suppressing RhoA/Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2) signalling, which led to enhanced oxidative fibre-specific gene transcription in muscle cells. Treatment with CAY10471 enhanced NFATc1 activity in the skeletal muscles and ameliorated HFD-induced obesity (P < 0.05 vs. saline) and insulin resistance in mice. CAY10471 also enhanced exercise tolerance in MDX mice (100.8 ± 8.0 vs. 68.9 ± 11.1 min, P < 0.05 vs. saline) by increasing the oxidative fibre-type ratio in the muscles (45.1 ± 2.3% vs. 32.3 ± 2.6%, P < 0.05 vs. saline). CONCLUSIONS DP2 activation suppresses oxidative fibre transition via RhoA/ROCK2/NFATc1 signalling. The inhibition of DP2 may be a potential therapeutic approach against obesity and muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huying Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - HaiFang Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Prostaglandin D 2 Added during the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells Suppresses Adipogenesis via Dysfunction of D-Prostanoid Receptor P1 and P2. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020370. [PMID: 36836727 PMCID: PMC9963520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of prostaglandin, (PG)D2, and its chemically stable analog, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2), during the maturation phase of 3T3-L1 cells promotes adipogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 to 3T3-L1 cells during the differentiation phase on adipogenesis. We found that both PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 suppressed adipogenesis through the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression. However, the latter suppressed adipogenesis more potently than PGD2, most likely because of its higher resistance to spontaneous transformation into PGJ2 derivatives. In addition, this anti-adipogenic effect was attenuated by the coexistence of an IP receptor agonist, suggesting that the effect depends on the intensity of the signaling from the IP receptor. The D-prostanoid receptors 1 (DP1) and 2 (DP2, also known as a chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells) are receptors for PGD2. The inhibitory effects of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 on adipogenesis were slightly attenuated by a DP2 agonist. Furthermore, the addition of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase reduced the DP1 and DP2 expression during the maturation phase. Overall, these results indicated that the addition of PGD2 or 11d-11m-PGD2 during the differentiation phase suppresses adipogenesis via the dysfunction of DP1 and DP2. Therefore, unidentified receptor(s) for both molecules may be involved in the suppression of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. N. Nartey
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, Achimota, Accra P.O. Box AH20, Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Addition of ROCK Inhibitors Alleviates Prostaglandin-Induced Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3L-1 Spheroids. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110702. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the additive effects of the ROCK inhibitors (ROCK-i), ripasudil (Rip) and Y27632 on bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), a prostaglandin analog (PG), on adipose tissue, two- and three-dimensional (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells, the most well characterized cells in the field of lipid research, were used. The cells were subjected to a variety of analyses including lipid staining, real-time cellular metabolic analysis, the mRNA expressions of genes related to adipogenesis and extracellular matrices (ECMs) as well as the sizes and physical properties of the 3D spheroids by a micro-squeezer. BIM-A induced strong inhibitory effects on most of the adipogenesis-related changes in the 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells, including (1) the enlargement and softening of the 3D spheroids, (2) a dramatic enhancement in lipid staining and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, and (3) a decrease in mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic function. By adding ROCK-i to the BIM-A, most of these BIM-A-induced effects were cancelled. The collective findings reported herein suggest that ROCK-i eliminated the PG-induced suppression of adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells, accompanied by the formation of enlarged 3D spheroids. Such effects of adding ROCK-i to a PG in preadipocytes on cellular properties appear to be associated with the suppression of PG-induced adverse effects, and provide additional insight into our understanding of lipid-related research.
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Liu M, Zheng X, Sun C, Zhou Q, Liu B, Xu P. Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2260. [PMID: 36421446 PMCID: PMC9686997 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and autophagy refer to regulating fat metabolism, and the former affects autophagy, but the role and mechanism of the antioxidant-autophagy axis in regulating lipid metabolism remains unclear. As an antioxidant, tea tree oil (TTO) has little research on the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism in crustaceans. This study investigated whether TTO could alter hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism by affecting the antioxidant-autophagy axis. Feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii with three different levels of TTO diets for 8 weeks: CT (0 mg/kg TTO), 100TTO (100 mg/kg TTO), and 1000TTO (1000 mg/kg TTO). The results showed that 100TTO treatment reduced the hemolymph lipids level and hepatopancreatic lipid deposition compared to CT. In contrast, 1000TTO treatment increased hepatopancreatic lipid deposition, damaging both morphology and function in the hepatopancreas. The 100TTO treatment promoted lipolysis and reduced liposynthesis at the transcriptional level compared to the CT group. Meanwhile, it improved the hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity and maintained mitochondrial structural and ROS homeostasis. In addition, it simultaneously activated the expression of transcription factors Keap1-Nrf2 and Imd-Relish. By contrast, the 1000TTO group significantly enhanced the ROS level, which considerably activated the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling expression but had no significant effects on the expression of Imd-Relish. The 100TTO group supplementation significantly enhanced lipid droplet breakdown and autophagy-related genes and protein expression. On the contrary, the 1000TTO group significantly inhibited the expression of genes and proteins related to autophagy. Pearson analysis revealed that Nrf2 has a positive correlation to lipid anabolism-related genes (Fasn, Srebp1, Pparγ) and autophagy regulators (mtor, akt, p62), and were negatively correlated with lipolysis-related genes (Cpt1, Hsl, Ampkα) and autophagy markers (Ulk1, Lc3). Relish was positively correlated with Atgl, Cpt1, Ampkα, Ulk1, and Lc3, and negatively correlated with Pparγ and p62. Moreover, Keap1 and Imd were negatively correlated with p62 and mtor, respectively. In sum, 100 mg/kg TTO enhanced antioxidant activity and increased autophagy intensity through the Relish-Imd pathway to enhance lipid droplet breakdown, while 1000 mg/kg TTO overexpressed Nrf2, thus inhibiting autophagy and ultimately causing excessive lipid deposition and peroxidation. Our study gives a fresh perspective for deciphering the bidirectional regulation mechanism of lipid metabolism by different doses of TTO based on the antioxidant-autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China
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Civelek E, Ozen G. The biological actions of prostanoids in adipose tissue in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102508. [PMID: 36270150 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been established as an endocrine organ that plays an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Adipose tissue releases several bioactive molecules called adipokines. Inflammation, dysregulation of adipokine synthesis, and secretion are observed in obesity and related diseases and cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Prostanoids, belonging to the eicosanoid family of lipid mediators, can be synthesized in adipose tissue and play a critical role in adipose tissue biology. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the interaction of prostanoids with adipokines, the expression of prostanoid receptors, and prostanoid synthase enzymes in adipose tissues in health and disease. Furthermore, the involvement of prostanoids in the physiological function or dysfunction of adipose tissue including inflammation, lipolysis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, browning of adipocytes, and vascular tone regulation was also discussed by examining studies using pharmacological approaches or genetically modified animals for prostanoid receptors/synthase enzymes. Overall, the present review provides a perspective on the evidence from literature regarding the biological effects of prostanoids in adipose tissue. Among prostanoids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is prominent in regards to its substantial role in both adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology. Targeting prostanoids may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Fujimori K. Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>2α</sub> as Regulators of Adipogenesis and Obesity. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:985-991. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Islam MA, Khairnar R, Fleishman J, Thompson K, Kumar S. Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase Protein- A Central Player in Metabolism. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2951-2963. [PMID: 35799081 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase was previously known as β-trace protein (BTP), a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein that is heavily expressed in human cerebrospinal fluid. Nevertheless, it is also seen to be expressed in numerous other tissues including the kidney, liver, lung, heart, adipose, muscle, and pancreas. Functionally, L-PGDS behaves like a lipocalin type protein where it helps in binding and transportation of small lipophilic substances, such as steroids, retinoids, and other lipophilic ligands. Enzymatically, L-PGDS functions as a prostaglandin synthase where it helps in the production of PGD2 by catalyzing the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of prostaglandins. PGD2 regulates its physiological function through two individual receptors named DP1 and DP2. L-PGDS has been a central player in many diseases, its role in metabolism including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and obesity has gathered a large attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about L-PGDS and it's signaling in adipose, hepatic, skeletal muscle, and pancreas tissues, which are core targets for metabolic studies. Modulation of L-PGDS signaling can be considered as a potential future therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance as well as fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asrarul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Rhema Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kamala Thompson
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Studies, Molloy College, Rockville Centre, NY, 11571, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, SAH 141A, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Tian J, Du Y, Yu E, Lei C, Xia Y, Jiang P, Li H, Zhang K, Li Z, Gong W, Xie J, Wang G. Prostaglandin 2α Promotes Autophagy and Mitochondrial Energy Production in Fish Hepatocytes. Cells 2022; 11:1870. [PMID: 35740999 PMCID: PMC9220818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver, characterized by excessive lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hepatocytes, is a common physiological condition in humans and aquaculture species. Lipid mobilization is an important strategy for modulating the number and size of cellular LDs. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated arachidonic acid derivatives are known to improve lipid catabolism in fish; however, the specific derivatives remain unknown. In the present study, we showed that serum starvation induced LD degradation via autophagy, lipolysis, and mitochondrial energy production in zebrafish hepatocytes, accompanied by activation of the COX pathway. The cellular concentration of PGF2α, but not other prostaglandins, was significantly increased. Administration of a COX inhibitor or interference with PGF2α synthase abolished serum deprivation-induced LD suppression, LD-lysosome colocalization, and expression of autophagic genes. Additionally, exogenous PGF2α suppressed the accumulation of LDs, promoted the accumulation of lysosomes with LD and the autophagy marker protein LC3A/B, and augmented the expression of autophagic genes. Moreover, PGF2α enhanced mitochondrial accumulation and ATP production, and increased the transcript levels of β-oxidation- and mitochondrial respiratory chain-related genes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the COX pathway is implicated in lipid degradation induced by energy deprivation, and that PGF2α is a key molecule triggering autophagy, lipolysis, and mitochondrial development in zebrafish hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yihui Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Caixia Lei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; (J.T.); (Y.D.); (E.Y.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (P.J.); (H.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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10
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Nartey MNN, Jisaka M, Syeda PK, Nishimura K, Shimizu H, Yokota K. Prostaglandin D2 and its analog, 11d-11m-PGD2, added during the differentiation phase contribute to adipogenic program inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:628-634. [DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We previously reported that prostaglandin (PG)D2 and its isosteric analog, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2), promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells during the maturation phase. Focusing on the differentiation phase, although both PGs inhibited adipogenesis, this effect was canceled out by PGI2 and PGJ2 derivatives. Thus, PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 play different roles during the phases, but do not affect PGI2- and PGJ2-derivative-induced adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N N Nartey
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute , Achimota, Accra , Ghana
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- The , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University , 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori , Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Project Center for Fortification of Local Specialty Food Functions, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University , 1060 Nishikawatsu-Cho, Matsue, Shimane , Japan
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11
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Urade Y. Biochemical and Structural Characteristics, Gene Regulation, Physiological, Pathological and Clinical Features of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase as a Multifunctional Lipocalin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718002. [PMID: 34744762 PMCID: PMC8569824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of PGs, to produce PGD2. PGD2 stimulates three distinct types of G protein-coupled receptors: (1) D type of prostanoid (DP) receptors involved in the regulation of sleep, pain, food intake, and others; (2) chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptors, in myelination of peripheral nervous system, adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of hair follicle neogenesis, and others; and (3) F type of prostanoid (FP) receptors, in dexamethasone-induced cardioprotection. L-PGDS is the same protein as β-trace, a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). L-PGDS exists in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals, and human heart; and is secreted into the CSF, seminal plasma, and plasma, respectively. L-PGDS binds retinoic acids and retinal with high affinities (Kd < 100 nM) and diverse small lipophilic substances, such as thyroids, gangliosides, bilirubin and biliverdin, heme, NAD(P)H, and PGD2, acting as an extracellular carrier of these substances. L-PGDS also binds amyloid β peptides, prevents their fibril formation, and disaggregates amyloid β fibrils, acting as a major amyloid β chaperone in human CSF. Here, I summarize the recent progress of the research on PGD2 and L-PGDS, in terms of its “molecular properties,” “cell culture studies,” “animal experiments,” and “clinical studies,” all of which should help to understand the pathophysiological role of L-PGDS and inspire the future research of this multifunctional lipocalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Urade
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Painter JD, Akbari O. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727008. [PMID: 34489979 PMCID: PMC8416625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are the innate counterparts of Th2 cells and are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in a variety of tissues. Instead of expressing specific antigen receptors, ILC2s respond to external stimuli such as alarmins released from damage. These cells help control the delicate balance of inflammation in adipose tissue, which is a determinant of metabolic outcome. ILC2s play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through their protective effects on tissue homeostasis. A variety of crosstalk takes place between resident adipose cells and ILC2s, with each interaction playing a key role in controlling this balance. ILC2 effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile. Trafficking and maintenance of ILC2 populations are critical for tissue homeostasis. The metabolic environment and energy source significantly affect the number and function of ILC2s in addition to affecting their interactions with resident cell types. How ILC2s react to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of the severity of disease. Treating sources of metabolic instability via critical immune cells provides a clear avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and new treatments of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Synergetic Action of Forskolin and Mevastatin Induce Normalization of Lipids Profile in Dyslipidemic Rats through Adenosine Monophosphate Kinase Upregulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6687551. [PMID: 34104650 PMCID: PMC8159628 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the synergetic effect of forskolin and mevastatin administration on lipid profile and lipid metabolism in omental adipose tissue in dyslipidemic rats. The study was conducted on forty male albino rats. The rats were randomly classified into four main groups of ten animals in each group as follows: group A, served as control nontreated; group B, rats that received Triton WR 1339 (500 mg/kg); group C, rats that received Triton WR 1339 with forskolin (100% FSK extract 0.5 mg/kg/day) for four weeks; and group D, dyslipidemic rats received both mevastatin and forskolin. At the end of the experimental period, blood and omental adipose tissue samples were collected, preserved, and used for biochemical determination of lipid profile and mRNA expression profile of adenylate cyclase (AC), hormone-sensitive lipase, respectively (HSL), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The results showed a significant decline in the serum concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, although there was a significant increase in serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and glycerol in rats received forskolin alone or with mevastatin when compared with control and dyslipidemic groups. The mRNA expression levels of AC, HSL, and AMPK were significantly increased in omental adipose tissue of rats received forskolin when compared with other groups. In conclusion, forskolin acts synergistically with mevastatin to lower lipid profile and improve lipid metabolism in dyslipidemic rats through upregulation of AMPK expression.
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Wang W, Zhong X, Guo J. Role of 2‑series prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:114. [PMID: 33907839 PMCID: PMC8083810 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, metabolic syndromes are emerging as global epidemics, whose incidence are increasing annually. However, the efficacy of therapy does not increase proportionately with the increased morbidity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two common metabolic syndromes that are closely associated. The pathogenic mechanisms of T2DM and NAFLD have been studied, and it was revealed that insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation markedly contribute to the development of these two diseases. The 2-series prostaglandins (PGs), a subgroup of eicosanoids, including PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α and PGI2, are converted from arachidonic acid catalyzed by the rate-limiting enzymes cyclooxygenases (COXs). Considering their wide distribution in almost every tissue, 2-series PG pathways exert complex and interlinked effects in mediating pancreatic β-cell function and proliferation, insulin sensitivity, fat accumulation and lipolysis, as well as inflammatory processes. Previous studies have revealed that metabolic disturbances, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, can be improved by treatment with COX inhibitors. At present, an accumulating number of studies have focused on the roles of 2-series PGs and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndromes, particularly T2DM and NAFLD. In the present review, the role of 2-series PGs in the highly intertwined pathogenic mechanisms of T2DM and NAFLD was discussed, and important therapeutic strategies based on targeting 2-series PG pathways in T2DM and NAFLD treatment were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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15
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Janovska P, Melenovsky V, Svobodova M, Havlenova T, Kratochvilova H, Haluzik M, Hoskova E, Pelikanova T, Kautzner J, Monzo L, Jurcova I, Adamcova K, Lenkova L, Buresova J, Rossmeisl M, Kuda O, Cajka T, Kopecky J. Dysregulation of epicardial adipose tissue in cachexia due to heart failure: the role of natriuretic peptides and cardiolipin. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1614-1627. [PMID: 33084249 PMCID: PMC7749591 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia worsens long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Effective treatment of cachexia is missing. We seek to characterize mechanisms of cachexia in adipose tissue, which could serve as novel targets for the treatment. METHODS The study was conducted in advanced HF patients (n = 52; 83% male patients) undergoing heart transplantation. Patients with ≥7.5% non-intentional body weight (BW) loss during the last 6 months were rated cachectic. Clinical characteristics and circulating markers were compared between cachectic (n = 17) and the remaining, BW-stable patients. In epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), expression of selected genes was evaluated, and a combined metabolomic/lipidomic analysis was performed to assess (i) the role of adipose tissue metabolism in the development of cachexia and (ii) potential impact of cachexia-associated changes on EAT-myocardium environment. RESULTS Cachectic vs. BW-stable patients had higher plasma levels of natriuretic peptide B (BNP; 2007 ± 1229 vs. 1411 ± 1272 pg/mL; P = 0.010) and lower EAT thickness (2.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.4 mm; P = 0.010), and they were treated with ~2.5-fold lower dose of both β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE/ARB-inhibitors). The overall pattern of EAT gene expression suggested simultaneous activation of lipolysis and lipogenesis in cachexia. Lower ratio between expression levels of natriuretic peptide receptors C and A was observed in cachectic vs. BW-stable patients (0.47 vs. 1.30), supporting activation of EAT lipolysis by natriuretic peptides. Fundamental differences in metabolome/lipidome between BW-stable and cachectic patients were found. Mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), specifically the least abundant CL 70:6 species (containing C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2 acyls), was the most discriminating analyte (partial least squares discriminant analysis; variable importance in projection score = 4). Its EAT levels were higher in cachectic as compared with BW-stable patients and correlated with the degree of BW loss during the last 6 months (r = -0.94; P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (i) BNP signalling contributes to changes in EAT metabolism in cardiac cachexia and (ii) maintenance of stable BW and 'healthy' EAT-myocardium microenvironment depends on the ability to tolerate higher doses of both ACE/ARB inhibitors and β-adrenergic blockers. In line with preclinical studies, we show for the first time in humans the association of cachexia with increased adipose tissue levels of CL. Specifically, CL 70:6 could precipitate wasting of adipose tissue, and thus, it could represent a therapeutic target to ameliorate cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Janovska
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Svobodova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Havlenova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kratochvilova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoskova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Monzo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jurcova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Buresova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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16
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Seiri P, Abi A, Soukhtanloo M. PPAR-γ: Its ligand and its regulation by microRNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10893-10908. [PMID: 30770587 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARs are categorized into three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, and γ, encoded by different genes, expressed in diverse tissues and participate in various biological functions and can be activated by their metabolic derivatives in the body or dietary fatty acids. The PPAR-γ also takes parts in the regulation of energy balance, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling. It has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Among various cellular and molecular targets that are able to regulate PPAR-γ and its underlying pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) appeared as important regulators. Given that the deregulation of these molecules via targeting PPAR-γ could affect initiation and progression of various diseases, identification of miRNAs that affects PPAR-γ could contribute to the better understanding of roles of PPAR-γ in various biological and pathological conditions. Here, we have summarized the function and various ligands of PPAR-γ and have highlighted various miRNAs involved in the regulation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Abi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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L-PGDS-produced PGD 2 in premature, but not in mature, adipocytes increases obesity and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30760783 PMCID: PMC6374461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the production of PGD2 in adipocytes and is selectively induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of HFD on obesity and insulin resistance in two distinct types of adipose-specific L-PGDS gene knockout (KO) mice: fatty acid binding protein 4 (fabp4, aP2)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox and adiponectin (AdipoQ)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. The L-PGDS gene was deleted in adipocytes in the premature stage of the former strain and after maturation of the latter strain. The L-PGDS expression and PGD2 production levels decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) under HFD conditions only in the aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, but were unchanged in the AdipoQ-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. When fed an HFD, aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice significantly reduced body weight gain, adipocyte size, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In WAT of the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, the expression levels of the adipogenic, lipogenic, and M1 macrophage marker genes were decreased, whereas those of the lipolytic and M2 macrophage marker genes were enhanced or unchanged. Insulin sensitivity was improved in the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. These results indicate that PGD2 produced by L-PGDS in premature adipocytes is involved in the regulation of body weight gain and insulin resistance under nutrient-dense conditions.
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Rahman MS. Prostacyclin: A major prostaglandin in the regulation of adipose tissue development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3254-3262. [PMID: 30431153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to the group lipid mediators and can act as local hormones. They contain 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring, and are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipid derived arachidonic acid through the arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway with the help of various terminal synthase enzymes. Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 ) is one of the major prostanoids produced with the help of prostacyclin synthase (prostaglandin I2 synthase) enzyme and rapidly hydrolyzed into 6-keto-PGF1α in biological fluids. Obesity indicates an excess of body adiposity, which is globally considered as one of the major health disasters responsible for developing complex pathological situations in the human body. Adipose tissues can produce various PGs, and thus, the level and the molecular activity of these endogenously synthesized PGs are considered critical for the development of obesity. In this regard, the involvement of prostacyclin in adipogenesis has been studied in the last few decades. The current review, along with the background of other related PGs, presents the several molecular aspects of endogenous prostaglandin I2 in adipose tissue development. Especially, the regulation of life cycle of adipocytes, impact on terminal differentiation, activity through prostacyclin receptor (IP), autocrine-paracrine manner, thermogenic adipose tissue remodeling and some future experimental aspects of prostacyclin have been focused upon in this study. This discussion might assist to develop new drug molecules acting on the signaling pathways of prostacyclin and devise therapeutic strategies for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rahman MS, Syeda PK, Nartey MNN, Chowdhury MMI, Shimizu H, Nishimura K, Jisaka M, Shono F, Yokota K. Comparison of pro-adipogenic effects between prostaglandin (PG) D 2 and its stable, isosteric analogue, 11-deoxy-11-methylene-PGD 2, during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:71-79. [PMID: 30393164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is relatively unstable and dehydrated non-enzymatically into PGJ2 derivatives, which are known to serve as pro-adipogenic factors by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a master regulator of adipogenesis. 11-Deoxy-11-methylene-PGD2 (11d-11m-PGD2) is a novel, chemically stable, isosteric analogue of PGD2 in which the 11-keto group is replaced by an exocyclic methylene. Here we attempted to investigate pro-adipogenic effects of PGD2 and 11d-11m-PGD2 and to compare the difference in their ways during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. The dose-dependent study showed that 11d-11m-PGD2 was significantly more potent than natural PGD2 to stimulate the storage of fats suppressed in the presence of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These pro-adipogenic effects were caused by the up-regulation of adipogenesis as evident with higher gene expression levels of adipogenesis markers. Analysis of transcript levels revealed the enhanced gene expression of two subtypes of cell-surface membrane receptors for PGD2, namely the prostanoid DP1 and DP2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2)) receptors together with lipocalin-type PGD synthase during the maturation phase. Specific agonists for DP1, CRTH2, and PPARγ were appreciably effective to rescue adipogenesis attenuated by indomethacin. The action of PGD2 was attenuated by specific antagonists for DP1 and PPARγ. By contrast, the effect of 11d-11m-PGD2 was more potently interfered by a selective antagonist for CRTH2 than that for DP1 while PPARγ antagonist GW9662 had almost no inhibitory effects. These results suggest that PGD2 exerts its pro-adipogenic effect principally through the mediation of DP1 and PPARγ, whereas the stimulatory effect of 11d-11m-PGD2 on adipogenesis occurs preferentially by the interaction with CRTH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Pinky Karim Syeda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Michael N N Nartey
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Md Mazharul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Jisaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
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