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Hu M, Zeng W, Zhang J, Feng Y, Ma L, Huang F, Cai Q. Fixators dynamization for delayed union and non-union of femur and tibial fractures: a review of techniques, timing and influence factors. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:577. [PMID: 37550732 PMCID: PMC10405409 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal balance between mechanical environment and biological factors is crucial for successful bone healing, as they synergistically affect bone development. Any imbalance between these factors can lead to impaired bone healing, resulting in delayed union or non-union. To address this bone healing disorder, clinicians have adopted a technique known as "dynamization" which involves modifying the stiffness properties of the fixator. This technique facilitates the establishment of a favorable mechanical and biological environment by changing a rigid fixator to a more flexible one that promotes bone healing. However, the dynamization of fixators is selective for certain types of non-union and can result in complications or failure to heal if applied to inappropriate non-unions. This review aims to summarize the indications for dynamization, as well as introduce a novel dynamic locking plate and various techniques for dynamization of fixators (intramedullary nails, steel plates, external fixators) in femur and tibial fractures. Additionally, Factors associated with the effectiveness of dynamization are explored in response to the variation in dynamization success rates seen in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Hu
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanlan Feng
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qunbin Cai
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu J, Zhao B, Luo W, Chen X, Zhao Q, Ren F, Zheng H, Huang J. Arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy promotes cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2023; 31:10225536231165357. [PMID: 36946572 DOI: 10.1177/10225536231165357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on cartilage regeneration in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with varus and medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee treated by arthroscopy combined with HTO. One year after the operation, a second-look arthroscopy was performed to observe the cartilage regeneration. The regeneration of cartilage was evaluated by different pathological staining of some of the new cartilage. Finally, part of the new cartilages (n = 6) were taken for quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting experiments to display the mechanism of cartilage regeneration. RESULTS One year after arthroscopy combined with HTO, the results of arthroscopy revealed the formation of new tissue in the defect area of the medial compartment's cartilage in the knee joint. In addition, different pathological staining results indicated that the new tissue was cartilage-like tissue. Furthermore, HTO potently up-regulated the expression of p-ERK1/2 at the protein level in knee osteoarthritis patients compared with control group. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of collagen II at mRNA and protein level between control group and knee osteoarthritis patients. CONCLUSION Arthroscopy combined with HTO can promote cartilage regeneration in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuji Ren
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huifeng Zheng
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingmin Huang
- Department of Arthroscopy, 74768Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhao B, Ma J, He J, Ma X. Effect of micro-strain stress on in vitro proliferation and functional expression of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:93. [PMID: 35168651 PMCID: PMC8848938 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the in vitro effect of micro-strain stress on the proliferation and functional marker expression in chondrocytes isolated from human osteoarthritis cartilage samples.
Methods Chondrocytes isolated from human osteoarthritis cartilage samples were subjected to loading with different types of micro-strain stress. The proliferation activity was assessed by flow cytometry, and the functional expression of chondrocyte markers was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results Flow cytometry results showed stimulation of proliferation of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes when an adequate micro-strain stress was applied. qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that micro-strain stress promotes human osteoarthritic chondrocyte functional marker expression. These features coincide with the upregulation of multiple proteins and genes affecting cell proliferation and functional chondrocyte marker expression, including cyclin D1, collagen II, and Rock. Conclusion Adequate micro-strain stress could activate the Rho/Rock signaling pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, thus transmitting mechanical signals to the cytoskeleton. This process leads to cytoskeleton reorganization, and transmission of the mechanical signals to the downstream effectors to promote proliferation and functional marker expression of osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinquan He
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Zheng R, Huang YM, Zhou Q. Xueshuantong Improves Functions of Lymphatic Ducts and Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:605814. [PMID: 34650426 PMCID: PMC8505705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.605814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed significant contributions of lymphatic vessels (LVs) to vital functions of the brain, especially related to clearance of waste from the brain and immune responses in the brain. These studies collectively indicate that enhancing the functions of LVs may improve brain functions during brain aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) where LV functions are impaired. However, it is currently unknown whether this enhancement can be achieved using small molecules. We have previously shown that a widely used Chinese herbal medicine Xueshuantong (XST) significantly improves functions and reduces pathology in AD transgenic mice associated with elevated cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here, we show that XST partially rescues deficits in lymphatic structures, improves clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) from the brain, and reduces the inflammatory responses in the serum and brains of transgenic AD mice. In addition, we showed that this improvement in the lymphatic system occurs independently of elevated CBF, suggesting independent modulation and limited interaction between blood circulation and lymphatic systems. Moreover, XST treatment leads to a significant increase in GLT-1 level and a significantly lower level of MMP-9 and restores AQP4 polarity in APP/PS1 mice. These results provide the basis for further exploration of XST to enhance or restore LV functions, which may be beneficial to treat neurodegenerative diseases or promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang-Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Liu C, Pan B, Yang L, Wang B, Li J. Beta defensin 3 enhances ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and migration via ERK1/2 pathway in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1057-1065. [PMID: 30445521 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as host defense peptides that possess bactericidal activity as well as immunomodulatory function. However, the role of AMP in the mammalian ovary is unknown. In the present study, porcine granulosa cells were utilized in a cell model to study the role of porcine beta defensin 2 (pBD2; pDEFB4B) and 3 (pBD3; pDEFB103A) during ovarian follicular development. Granulosa cells were cultured in the absence and presence of 1, 10, and 50 μg/ml of pDEFB4B or pDEFB103A. After 24 h of treatment, pDEFB103A but not pDEFB4B stimulated granulosa cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). This effect was dependent on the stage of follicular development. In addition, transwell cell migration assay showed that in the presence of pDEFB103A (10 μg/ml), a 2.5-fold increase in cell migration was achieved. Furthermore, further study revealed that pDEFB103A increased the mRNA levels of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), both associated with cell proliferation. To study the potential pathway involved in pDEFB103A-induced cell proliferation and migration, western blots were performed. It was found that pDEFB103A significantly increased the phosphorylated-ERK1/2 to nonphosphorylated ratio. Moreover, pretreatment with the U0126, a specific ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, suppressed PDEFB103A inducing GCs ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as proliferation and migration, suggesting that PDEFB103A may act via activating the ERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, using a signal transduction pathway Elk-1 trans-reporting system, the activation of ERK1/2 pathway by PDEFB103A was further confirmed. Our data suggest that AMP may play a physiological role in the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Liu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Lu Yang
- Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Zou Y, Zhang M, Qu J, Zhang J. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Proteomic Changes in Mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus in Response to Heat Stress and Subsequent Recovery. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2368. [PMID: 30356767 PMCID: PMC6189471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature is a key limiting factor for mycelium growth and development in Pleurotus ostreatus. Thermotolerance includes the direct response to heat stress and the ability to recover from heat stress. To better understand the mechanism of thermotolerance in P. ostreatus, we used morphological and physiological analysis combined with an iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of P. ostreatus subjected to 40°C for 48 h followed by recovery at 25°C for 3 days. High temperature increased the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indicating that the mycelium of P. ostreatus were damaged by heat stress. However, these physiological changes rapidly returned to control levels during the subsequent recovery phase from heat stress. In comparison to unstressed controls, a total of 204 proteins were changed during heat stress and/or the recovery phase. Wherein, there were 47 proteins that responded to both stress and recovery conditions, whereas 84 and 73 proteins were responsive to only heat stress or recovery conditions, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed differential expression of nine candidate genes revealed that some of the proteins, such as a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and heat shock protein (HSP), were also regulated by heat stress at the level of transcription. These differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in mycelium of P. ostreatus under heat stress were from 13 biological processes. Moreover, protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that proteins involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, signal transduction, and proteins metabolism could be assigned to three heat stress response networks. On the basis of these findings, we proposed that effective regulatory protein expression related to MAPK-pathway, antioxidant enzymes, HSPs, and other stress response proteins, and glycolysis play important roles in enhancing P. ostreatus adaptation to and recovery from heat stress. Of note, this study provides useful information for understanding the thermotolerance mechanism for basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jibin Qu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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