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Park AJ, Fandl HK, Garcia VP, Coombs GB, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Barak OF, Mijacika T, Dujic Z, Ainslie PN, DeSouza CA. Differential Expression of Vascular-Related MicroRNA in Circulating Endothelial Microvesicles in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2023; 29:34-42. [PMID: 37235195 PMCID: PMC10208256 DOI: 10.46292/sci22-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased risk and prevalence of cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The factors that initiate, promote, and accelerate vascular diseases and events in SCI are poorly understood. Clinical interest in circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo has intensified due to their involvement in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular events. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether a subset of vascular-related miRNAs is differentially expressed in EMVs isolated from adults with SCI. Methods We assessed eight adults with tetraplegia (7 male/1 female; age: 46±4 years; time since injury: 26±5 years) and eight uninjured (6 male/2 female; age: 39±3 years). Circulating EMVs were isolated, enumerated, and collected from plasma by flow cytometry. The expression of vascular-related miRNAs in EMVs was assessed by RT-PCR. Results Circulating EMV levels were significantly higher (~130%) in adults with SCI compared with uninjured adults. The expression profile of miRNAs in EMVs from adults with SCI were significantly different than uninjured adults and were pathologic in nature. Expression of miR-126, miR-132, and miR-Let-7a were lower (~100-150%; p < .05), whereas miR-30a, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-216 were higher (~125-450%; p < .05) in EMVs from adults with SCI. Conclusion This study is the first examination of EMV miRNA cargo in adults with SCI. The cargo signature of vascular-related miRNAs studied reflects a pathogenic EMV phenotype prone to induce inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular dysfunction. EMVs and their miRNA cargo represent a novel biomarker of vascular risk and a potential target for intervention to alleviate vascular-related disease after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Park
- Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado
- University of Colorado, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- University of Western Ontario, School of Kinesiology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Otto F Barak
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tanja Mijacika
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Feng S, Chen JW, Shu XY, Aihemaiti M, Quan JW, Lu L, Zhang RY, Yang CD, Wang XQ. Endothelial microparticles: A mechanosensitive regulator of vascular homeostasis and injury under shear stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:980112. [PMID: 36172284 PMCID: PMC9510576 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.980112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic shear stress (SS), a frictional force generated by blood flow, regulates vascular homeostasis. High and steady SS maintains physiological function of endothelial cells while low and disturbed SS promotes disturbance of vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial microparticle (EMP), a vesicular structure shed from endothelial cells, has emerged as a surrogate biomarker of endothelial injury and dysfunction. EMP release is triggered by disturbed SS in addition to multiple inflammatory cytokines. This review systematically summarizes the impact of SS on EMPs and the role of EMPs under SS in modulating vascular homeostasis and injury, including endothelial survival, vasodilation, inflammatory response, vascular permeability, and coagulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wei Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yi Shu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Muladili Aihemaiti
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wei Quan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Die Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Qun Wang, ; Chen Die Yang,
| | - Xiao Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Qun Wang, ; Chen Die Yang,
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High glucose mediates apoptosis and osteogenesis of MSCs via downregulation of AKT-Sirt1-TWIST. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2723-2733. [PMID: 35037196 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, hyperglycemia associated with DM promotes cell apoptosis and affects osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in varying degrees, leading to osteoporosis in DM patients. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of high glucose on apoptosis and osteogenesis of MSCs was investigated and underlying mechanism was further determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Intracellular ROS levels were determined using probe DCFH-DA. MMP was detected using JC-1 staining. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-FITC/PI and Flow Cytometer. The expression of genes and protein was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed high glucose induced MSC apoptosis but promoted its osteogenesis. Western blot analysis revealed that high glucose downregulated AKT-Sirt1-TWIST pathway. Activation of Sirt1 via SRT1720 increased TWIST expression, alleviated MSC apoptosis and promoted osteogenesis of MSCs. TWIST knockdown studies demonstrated that inhibition of TWIST intensified high glucose-induced apoptosis but promoted osteogenesis differentiation of MSCs. TWIST is likely to be a new regulator for cross talk between Sirt1 and its downstream targets. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that high glucose induces MSC apoptosis and enhances osteogenesis differentiation via downregulation of AKT-Sirt1-TWIST.
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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Malovichko MV, Abplanalp WT, McFall SA, Taylor BS, Wickramasinghe NS, Sithu ID, Zelko IN, Uchida S, Hill BG, Sutaria SR, Nantz MH, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE, Srivastava S. Subclinical markers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene inhalation in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115742. [PMID: 34624356 PMCID: PMC8647905 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent population-based studies suggest that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether benzene exposure by itself is sufficient to induce cardiovascular toxicity. We examined the effects of benzene inhalation (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on the biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity in male C57BL/6J mice. Benzene inhalation significantly increased the biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury including endothelial microparticles, activated endothelial microparticles, endothelial progenitor cell microparticles, lung endothelial microparticles, and activated lung and endothelial microparticles while having no effect on circulating levels of endothelial adhesion molecules, endothelial selectins, and biomarkers of angiogenesis. To understand how benzene may induce endothelial injury, we exposed human aortic endothelial cells to benzene metabolites. Of the metabolites tested, trans,trans-mucondialdehyde (10 μM, 18h) was the most toxic. It induced caspases-3, -7 and -9 (intrinsic pathway) activation and enhanced microparticle formation by 2.4-fold. Levels of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet macroparticles, and a proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were also significantly elevated in the blood of the benzene-exposed mice. We also found that benzene exposure increased the transcription of genes associated with endothelial cell and platelet activation in the liver; and induced inflammatory genes and suppressed cytochrome P450s in the lungs and the liver. Together, these data suggest that benzene exposure induces endothelial injury, enhances platelet activation and inflammatory processes; and circulatory levels of endothelial cell and platelet-derived microparticles and platelet-leukocyte aggregates are excellent biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity of benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Samantha A McFall
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Breandon S Taylor
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Nalinie S Wickramasinghe
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Israel D Sithu
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Bradford G Hill
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Saurin R Sutaria
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Michael H Nantz
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; American Heart Association-Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
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Zhang Q, Long J, Li N, Ma X, Zheng L. Circ_CLASP2 Regulates High Glucose-Induced Dysfunction of Human Endothelial Cells Through Targeting miR-140-5p/FBXW7 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:594793. [PMID: 33776760 PMCID: PMC7990784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.594793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia exposure results in the dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and the development of diabetic complications. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in EC dysfunction. The current study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circRNA CLIP–associating protein 2 (circ_CLASP2, hsa_circ_0064772) on HG-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the levels of circ_CLASP2, miR-140-5p and F-box, and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7). The stability of circ_CLASP2 was identified by the actinomycin D and ribonuclease (RNase) R assays. Cell colony formation, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured by a standard colony formation assay, colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of related proteins. Targeted correlations among circ_CLASP2, miR-140-5p, and FBXW7 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. High glucose (HG) exposure downregulated the expression of circ_CLASP2 in HUVECs. Circ_CLASP2 overexpression or miR-140-5p knockdown promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of HUVECs under HG conditions. Circ_CLASP2 directly interacted with miR-140-5p via pairing to miR-140-5p. The regulation of circ_CLASP2 overexpression on HG-induced HUVEC dysfunction was mediated by miR-140-5p. Moreover, FBXW7 was a direct target of miR-140-5p, and miR-140-5p regulated HG-induced HUVEC dysfunction via FBXW7. Furthermore, circ_CLASP2 mediated FBXW7 expression through sponging miR-140-5p. Our current study suggested that the overexpression of circ_CLASP2 protected HUVEC from HG-induced dysfunction at least partly through the regulation of the miR-140-5p/FBXW7 axis, highlighting a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic-associated vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
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Endothelial response to glucose: dysfunction, metabolism, and transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:313-325. [PMID: 33522573 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cell response to glucose plays an important role in both health and disease. Endothelial glucose-induced dysfunction was first studied in diabetic animal models and in cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Four classical dysfunction pathways were identified, which were later shown to result from the common mechanism of mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. More recently, non-coding RNA, extracellular vesicles, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were shown to affect glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells also metabolize glucose for their own energetic needs. Research over the past decade highlighted how manipulation of endothelial glycolysis can be used to control angiogenesis and microvascular permeability in diseases such as cancer. Finally, endothelial cells transport glucose to the cells of the blood vessel wall and to the parenchymal tissue. Increasing evidence from the blood-brain barrier and peripheral vasculature suggests that endothelial cells regulate glucose transport through glucose transporters that move glucose from the apical to the basolateral side of the cell. Future studies of endothelial glucose response should begin to integrate dysfunction, metabolism and transport into experimental and computational approaches that also consider endothelial heterogeneity, metabolic diversity, and parenchymal tissue interactions.
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Daryabor G, Atashzar MR, Kabelitz D, Meri S, Kalantar K. The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1582. [PMID: 32793223 PMCID: PMC7387426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance and obesity play key roles in the induction and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The field of immunometabolism implies a bidirectional link between the immune system and metabolism, in which inflammation plays an essential role in the promotion of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity and T2DM), and metabolic factors, in turn, regulate immune cell functions. Obesity as the main inducer of a systemic low-level inflammation is a main susceptibility factor for T2DM. Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. Hyperglycemia and the subsequent inflammation are the main causes of micro- and macroangiopathies in the circulatory system. They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. The impaired immune system together with metabolic imbalance also increases the susceptibility of patients to several pathogenic agents such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the need for a proper immunization protocol among such patients is granted. The focus of the current review is to explore metabolic and immunological abnormalities affecting several organs of T2DM patients and explain the mechanisms, whereby diabetic patients become more susceptible to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Hu Z, Shi H. Interfering Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 Oncogenes in Cervical Cancer Cells Inhibits the Angiogenesis of Vascular Endothelial Cells via Increasing miR-377 in Cervical Cancer Cell-Derived Microvesicles. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4145-4155. [PMID: 32523352 PMCID: PMC7236052 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dysregulation of the human papillomavirus 18 E6 and E7 oncogenes plays a critical role in the angiogenesis of cervical cancer (CC), including the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Interfering E6/E7 increases the number of CC cell-derived microvesicles (CC-MVs). Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate CC angiogenesis and can be encapsulated in MVs. Objective We aim to investigate whether E6/E7 affects CC angiogenesis via regulating miRNAs in CC-MVs. Methods CC-MVs were isolated from a CC cell line (HeLa) which were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against E6/E7 or co-transfected with miR-377 mimics/inhibitors. The expression of several miRNAs in CC-MVs was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. After co-incubating CC-MVs with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs were determined using cell counting kit-8, transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. Results MiR-377 was increased in E6/E7-interfering CC-MVs. Overexpressing miR-377 in CC-MVs suppressed HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. LPAR2, the cell surface G protein-coupled receptor, was the downstream target of miR-377 in HUVECs. The co-transfection of E6/E7 siRNAs and miR-377 inhibitors in CCs negated the effect of E6/E7 siRNAs on the elevation of miR-377 in CC-MVs. In HUVECs, the co-transfection of E6/E7 siRNAs and miR-377 inhibitors restored the LPAR2 expression which was reduced by the E6/E7 siRNA transfection. Meanwhile, miR-377 mimic reduced LPAR2 expression and inhibited HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation, while such response was negated by LPAR2 overexpression. Conclusion Interfering E6/E7 increased miR-377 in CC-MVs, and overexpressing miR-377 in CC-MVs inhibited angiogenesis of HUVECs via reducing LPAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hami Central Hospital, Hami, Xinjiang 839000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, Hami Central Hospital, Hami, Xinjiang 839000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
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Brewster LM, Garcia VP, Levy MV, Stockelman KA, Goulding A, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Hijmans JG, DeSouza CA. Endothelin-1-induced endothelial microvesicles impair endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1497-1505. [PMID: 32324474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00816.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-generated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ET-1 for 24 h. EMVs released into the supernatant from cells treated with ET-1 or vehicle were isolated and quantified. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with ET-1 compared with control (95 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 5 EMV/µL). Fresh HUVECs were then treated with either ET-1, ET-1-induced EMVs, or control EMVs for 24 h. ET-1-generated EMVs induced significantly higher release of IL-6 (181.0 ± 16.0 vs. 132.1 ± 8.1 pg/mL) and IL-8 (303.4 ± 37.4 vs. 211.8 ± 10.0 pg/mL), as well as greater total NF-κB p65 (76.0 ± 7.6 vs. 57.1 ± 2.1 AU) and active NF-κB p65 (Ser-536) (11.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 AU) expression than control EMVs. There were no significant differences in expression of caspase-9 (230.1 ± 24.3 vs. 243.6 ± 22.3 AU), caspase-3 (271.9 ± 22.7 vs. 265.1 ± 30.5 AU), and active caspase-3 (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.1 AU) in cells treated with ET-1-EMVs versus control EMVs. Total eNOS (108.4 ± 11.4 vs. 158.8 ± 1.6 AU) and activated eNOS (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.4 AU) were significantly lower in endothelial cells treated with ET-1-generated EMVs compared with control EMVs. The effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on cellular markers and mediators of endothelial inflammation, as well as eNOS function, was comparable to the effects of ET-1. In summary, ET-1 induces an EMV phenotype that adversely affects endothelial cell function. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the atherogenic effect of ET-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by the endothelium that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. Overexpression of ET-1 has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) play a pivotal role in vascular health and disease. Their functional phenotype is largely dictated by the stimulus for release. EMVs released in response to various pathological conditions have been shown to elicit deleterious vascular effects. In the present study, we determined, in vitro, the effect of ET-1 on EMV release from endothelial cells and the effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ET-1 induced a marked increase in EMV release. ET-1-generated EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation and reduced eNOS protein expression and activation. Moreover, the endothelial effects of ET-1-derived EMVs were similar to the direct effects of ET-1. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the proatherogenic profile of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anabel Goulding
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Endothelial Microparticles in Uremia: Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050267. [PMID: 31086003 PMCID: PMC6563302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are vesicles derived from cell membranes, which contain outsourced phosphatidylserine and express adhesion molecules, such as cadherin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and integrins. EMPs are expressed under physiological conditions and continue circulating in the plasma. However, in pathologic conditions their levels increase, and they assume a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant role via interactions with monocytes; these effects are related to the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) characterizes this dysfunctional scenario through the accumulation of uremic solutes in the circulating plasma, whose toxicity is related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the formation of EMPs and their biological effects in the uremic environment. Data from previous research demonstrate that uremic toxins are closely associated with the activation of inflammatory biomarkers, cardiovascular dysfunction processes, and the release of EMPs. The impact of a decrease in circulating EMPs in clinical studies has not yet been evaluated. Thus, whether MPs are biochemical markers and/or therapeutic targets has yet to be established.
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Liang HZ, Li SF, Zhang F, Wu MY, Li CL, Song JX, Lee C, Chen H. Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Induced by Hypoxia on Migration and Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Delivering MicroRNA-19b. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2726-2733. [PMID: 30425199 PMCID: PMC6247585 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.245271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Microparticles (MPs) are small extracellular plasma membrane particles shed by activated and apoptotic cells, which are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Our previous study found that microRNA (miR)-19b encapsulated within endothelial MPs (EMPs) may contribute to the upregulation of circulating miR-19b in unstable angina patients. Hypoxia is involved in atherosclerosis as a critical pathological stimulus. However, it still remains unclear whether the increase of miR-19b levels in EMPs is related to hypoxia and if the effect of miR-19b – wrapped within EMPs – stimulates hypoxia on vascular endothelial cells. This study aimed to explore the changes of miR-19b in EMPs induced by hypoxia as well as their effects on endothelial cells. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and arranged to harvest EMPs in two parts: the first part consisted of EMPcontrol and EMPhypoxia and the second part included EMPvehicle, EMPNC mimic, and EMPmiR-19b mimic. Cell migration was detected by scratch migration and transwell chamber migration. Angiogenesis was assessed by tube formation assays. Furthermore, we predicted the target gene of miR-19b by bioinformatics analysis, and luciferase assay was used to verify the targeted gene of miR-19b. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Student's t-test was used when two groups were compared. Results: Compared with EMPcontrol- and EMPhypoxia-inhibited migration of cells by scratch migration assay (80.77 ± 1.10 vs. 28.37 ± 1.40, P < 0. 001) and transwell chamber migration assay (83.00 ± 3.46 vs. 235.00 ± 16.52, P < 0.01), the number of tube formations was markedly reduced by 70% in the EMPhypoxia group (P < 0.001) in vitro analysis of HUVECs. Meanwhile, a strong inhibition of migration and tube formation of HUVECs in the presence of miR-19b-enriched EMPmiR-19b mimic was observed. This effect might be due to the delivery of miR-19b in EMPs. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) was predicted to be one of the target genes of miR-19b, and we further confirmed that TGFβ2 was a direct target gene of miR-19b using the luciferase assay. The expression of TGFβ2 in HUVECs was inhibited by treatment with EMPhypoxia and EMPmiR-19b mimic. Conclusions: MiR-19b in EMPs induced by hypoxia could reduce endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by downregulating TGFβ2 expression, which may have inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Su-Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Man-Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chang-Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun-Xian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chongyou Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Hijmans JG, Stockelman K, Levy M, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Effects of HIV-1 gp120 and TAT-derived microvesicles on endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1242-1249. [PMID: 30789287 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to determine if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat) stimulate the release of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs). The second was to determine whether viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function (inducing endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence and increasing apoptotic susceptibility). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with recombinant HIV-1 proteins Bal gp120 (R5), Lav gp120 (X4), or Tat. EMVs released in response to each viral protein were isolated and quantified. Fresh HAECs were treated with EMVs generated under control conditions and from each of the viral protein conditions for 24 h. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in HAECs treated with R5 (141 ± 21 MV/µl), X4 (132 ± 20 MV/µl), and Tat (130 ± 20 MV/µl) compared with control (61 ± 13 MV/µl). Viral protein EMVs induced significantly higher endothelial cell release of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules than control. Reactive oxygen species production was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in the R5-, X4- and Tat-EMV-treated cells. In addition, viral protein-stimulated EMVs significantly augmented endothelial cell senescence and apoptotic susceptibility. Concomitant with these functional changes, viral protein-stimulated EMVs disrupted cell expression of micro-RNAs 34a, 126, 146a, 181b, 221, and miR-Let-7a (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120 and Tat stimulate microvesicle release from endothelial cells, and these microvesicles confer pathological effects on endothelial cells by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence as well as enhancing susceptibility to apoptosis. Viral protein-generated EMVs may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in patients with HIV-1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-related proteins glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat)-mediated endothelial damage and dysfunction are poorly understood. Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) serve as indicators and potent mediators of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study we determined if HIV-1 R5- and X4-tropic gp120 and Tat stimulate EMV release in vitro and if viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function. gp120 and Tat induced a marked increase in EMV release. Viral protein-induced EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptotic susceptibility in vitro. gp120- and Tat-derived EMVs promote a proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, prosenescent, and proapoptotic endothelial phenotype and may contribute to the endothelial damage and dysfunction associated with gp120 and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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High glucose-induced endothelial microparticles increase adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. Diabetol Int 2018; 10:143-147. [PMID: 31139533 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-018-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The experimental aim of this study was to determine, in vitro, the effects of glucose-induced EMPs on endothelial cell expression of E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured (3rd passage) and plated in 6-well plates at a density of 5.0 × 105 cells/condition. HUVECs were incubated with media containing either 25 mM d-glucose (concentration representing a hyperglycemic state) or 5 mM d-glucose (normoglycemic condition) for 48 h to generate EMPs. EMP identification (CD144+) and concentration were determined by flow cytometry. HUVECs (3 × 106 cells/condition) were treated with either high glucose-derived EMPs (hgEMPs) or normal glucose-derived (ngEMPs) for 24 h and surface expression of E-selectin (CD62E-PE), ICAM-1 (CD54-FITC), VCAM-1 (CD106-APC) and PECAM-1 (CD31-BV) was assessed by flow cytometry and reported as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI). Hyperglycemic-derived EMPs induced significantly higher surface expression of E-selectin (2614 ± 132 vs. 2010 ± 204 MFI), ICAM-1 (2110 ± 81 vs. 1688 ± 152 MFI), VCAM-1 (3589 ± 431 vs. 2134 ± 386) and PECAM-1 (4237 ± 395 vs. 2525 ± 269 MFI) on endothelial cells than EMPs from normoglycemic conditions. Microparticle-induced cell adhesion molecule expression provides potential novel mechanistic insight regarding the accelerated risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease associated with hyperglycemia.
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