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Trifiletti R, Lachman HM, Manusama O, Zheng D, Spalice A, Chiurazzi P, Schornagel A, Serban AM, van Wijck R, Cunningham JL, Swagemakers S, van der Spek PJ. Identification of ultra-rare genetic variants in pediatric acute onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) by exome and whole genome sequencing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11106. [PMID: 35773312 PMCID: PMC9246359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrupt onset of severe neuropsychiatric symptoms including obsessive-compulsive disorder, tics, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, and restricted eating is described in children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Symptom onset is often temporally associated with infections, suggesting an underlying autoimmune/autoinflammatory etiology, although direct evidence is often lacking. The pathological mechanisms are likely heterogeneous, but we hypothesize convergence on one or more biological pathways. Consequently, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on a U.S. cohort of 386 cases, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) on ten cases from the European Union who were selected because of severe PANS. We focused on identifying potentially deleterious genetic variants that were de novo or ultra-rare (MAF) < 0.001. Candidate mutations were found in 11 genes (PPM1D, SGCE, PLCG2, NLRC4, CACNA1B, SHANK3, CHK2, GRIN2A, RAG1, GABRG2, and SYNGAP1) in 21 cases, which included two or more unrelated subjects with ultra-rare variants in four genes. These genes converge into two broad functional categories. One regulates peripheral immune responses and microglia (PPM1D, CHK2, NLRC4, RAG1, PLCG2). The other is expressed primarily at neuronal synapses (SHANK3, SYNGAP1, GRIN2A, GABRG2, CACNA1B, SGCE). Mutations in these neuronal genes are also described in autism spectrum disorder and myoclonus-dystonia. In fact, 12/21 cases developed PANS superimposed on a preexisting neurodevelopmental disorder. Genes in both categories are also highly expressed in the enteric nervous system and the choroid plexus. Thus, genetic variation in PANS candidate genes may function by disrupting peripheral and central immune functions, neurotransmission, and/or the blood-CSF/brain barriers following stressors such as infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert M Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Olivia Manusama
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, UOC Genetica Medica, Rome, Italy
| | - Allan Schornagel
- GGZ-Delfland, Kinderpraktijk Zoetermeer, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea M Serban
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Wijck
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhan JQ, Chen CN, Wu SX, Wu HJ, Zou K, Xiong JW, Wei B, Yang YJ. Flavonoid fisetin reverses impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by regulating the function of AMPARs in a male rat model of schizophrenia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:413-428. [PMID: 33882624 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are the core feature of schizophrenia and effective treatment strategies are still missing. Previous studies have reported that fisetin promotes long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive function in normal rodents and other model animals of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fisetin on synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits caused by a brief disruption of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with dizocilpine (MK-801) during early development in rats. The cognitive performance was examined by the Morris water maze task and a fear conditioning test. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was investigated by field potential recording. The expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and cognition-related proteins was measured by western blotting. We found that intraperitoneal administration of fisetin rescued hippocampus-dependent spatial and contextual fear memory in MK-801 rats. In parallel with these behavioral results, fisetin treatment in MK-801 rats reversed the impairment of hippocampal LTP. At the molecular level, fisetin treatment selectively increased the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) in MK-801-treated rats. Moreover, fisetin restored the phosphorylation levels of calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinaseII (CaMKII), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in MK-801-treated rats. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fisetin treatment can reverse the deficits of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in a male rat model of schizophrenia by restoring the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPAR GluA1 subunit, suggesting fisetin as a promising therapeutic candidate for schizophrenia-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Xian Wu
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Han-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
- Jangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Molecular Mechanisms in Hippocampus Involved on Object Recognition Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation. Neuroscience 2020; 435:112-123. [PMID: 32272151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acquired information is stabilized into long-term memory through a process known as consolidation. Though, after consolidation, when stored information is retrieved they can be again susceptible, allowing modification, updating and strengthening and to be re-stabilized they need a new process referred to as memory reconsolidation. However, the molecular mechanisms of recognition memory consolidation and reconsolidation are not fully understood. Also, considering that the study of the link between synaptic proteins is key to understanding of memory processes, we investigated, in male Wistar rats, molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus involved on object recognition memory (ORM) consolidation and reconsolidation. We verified that the blockade of AMPA receptors (AMPAr) and L-VDCCs calcium channels impaired ORM consolidation and reconsolidation when administered into CA1 immediately after sample phase or reactivation phase and that these impairments were blocked by the administration of AMPAr agonist and of neurotrophin BDNF. Also, the blockade of CaMKII impaired ORM consolidation when administered 3 h after sample phase but had no effect on ORM reconsolidation and its effect was blocked by the administration of BDNF, but not of AMPAr agonist. So, this study provides new evidence of the molecular mechanisms involved on the consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM, demonstrating that AMPAr and L-VDCCs are necessary for the consolidation and reconsolidation of ORM while CaMKII is necessary only for the consolidation and also that there is a link between BDNF and AMPAr, L-VDCCs and CaMKII as well as a link between AMPAr and L-VDCCs on ORM consolidation and reconsolidation.
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