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Babcock SJ, Houten SM, Gillingham MB. A review of fatty acid oxidation disorder mouse models. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108351. [PMID: 38430613 PMCID: PMC11073919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are a family of rare, genetic disorders that affect any part of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Patients present with severe phenotypes, such as hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and rhabdomyolysis, and currently manage these symptoms by the avoidance of fasting and maintaining a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Because knowledge about FAODs is limited due to the small number of patients, rodent models have been crucial in learning more about these disorders, particularly in studying the molecular mechanisms involved in different phenotypes and in evaluating treatments for patients. The purpose of this review is to present the different FAOD mouse models and highlight the benefits and limitations of using these models. Specifically, we discuss the phenotypes of the available FAOD mouse models, the potential molecular causes of prominent FAOD phenotypes that have been studied using FAOD mouse models, and how FAOD mouse models have been used to evaluate treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Babcock
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Sander M Houten
- Deparment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie B Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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2
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Merz MP, Seal SV, Grova N, Mériaux S, Guebels P, Kanli G, Mommaerts E, Nicot N, Kaoma T, Keunen O, Nazarov PV, Turner JD. Early-life influenza A (H1N1) infection independently programs brain connectivity, HPA AXIS and tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5898. [PMID: 38467724 PMCID: PMC10928197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity covers a range of physical, social and environmental stressors. Acute viral infections in early life are a major source of such adversity and have been associated with a broad spectrum of later-life effects outside the immune system or "off-target". These include an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic reactions. Here, we used a murine post-natal day 14 (PND 14) Influenza A (H1N1) infection model and applied a semi-holistic approach including phenotypic measurements, gene expression arrays and diffusion neuroimaging techniques to investigate HPA axis dysregulation, energy metabolism and brain connectivity. By PND 56 the H1N1 infection had been resolved, and there was no residual gene expression signature of immune cell infiltration into the liver, adrenal gland or brain tissues examined nor of immune-related signalling. A resolved early-life H1N1 infection had sex-specific effects. We observed retarded growth of males and altered pre-stress (baseline) blood glucose and corticosterone levels at PND42 after the infection was resolved. Cerebral MRI scans identified reduced connectivity in the cortex, midbrain and cerebellum that were accompanied by tissue-specific gene expression signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that these were tissue-specific changes with few common pathways. Early-life infection independently affected each of the systems and this was independent of HPA axis or immune perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Merz
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Central Biobank Charité, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Snehaa V Seal
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Inserm U1256, NGERE, Nutrition-Génétique Et Exposition Aux Risques Environnementaux, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pauline Guebels
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Georgia Kanli
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elise Mommaerts
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- LuxGen Genome Center, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- In Vivo Imaging Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform, Data Integration and Analysis Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Zhang H, Ma W, Liu H, Tang W, Shu J, Zhou J, Zheng H, Xiao H, Yang X, Liu D, Liang H, Yang X. Systematic analysis of lysine crotonylation in human macrophages responding to MRSA infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1126350. [PMID: 36844408 PMCID: PMC9945341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1126350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most commonly encountered bacteria found in healthcare clinics and has been ranked a priority 2 pathogen. Research is urgently needed to develop new therapeutic approaches to combat the pathogen. Variations in the pattern of protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of host cells affect physiological and pathological events, as well as therapeutic effectiveness. However, the role of crotonylation in MRSA-infected THP1 cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that crotonylation profiles of THP1 cells were altered after MRSA infection. It was then confirmed that lysine crotonylation profiles of THP1 cells and bacteria were different; MRSA infection inhibited global lysine crotonylation (Kcro) modification but partially elevated Kcro of host proteins. We obtained a proteome-wide crotonylation profile of THP1 cells infected by MRSA further treated by vancomycin, leading to the identification of 899 proteins, 1384 sites of which were down-regulated, and 160 proteins with 193 sites up-regulated. The crotonylated down-regulated proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm and were enriched in spliceosome, RNA degradation, protein posttranslational modification, and metabolism. However, the crotonylated up-regulated proteins were mainly located in nucleus and significantly involved in nuclear body, chromosome, ribonucleoprotein complex, and RNA processing. The domains of these proteins were significantly enriched on RNA recognition motif, and linker histone H1 and H5 families. Some proteins related to protecting against bacterial infection were also found to be targets of crotonylation. The present findings point to a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of lysine crotonylation in human macrophages, thereby providing a certain research basis for the mechanism and targeted therapy on the immune response of host cells against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Deparment of Critical Care Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haoru Liu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqi Tang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Panzihua University, Panzihua, China
| | - Hongsheng Zheng
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaping Liang, ; Xia Yang,
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaping Liang, ; Xia Yang,
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Xin Y, Chen S, Tang K, Wu Y, Guo Y. Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042372. [PMID: 35216485 PMCID: PMC8876279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in the field of transcriptomics provides remarkable biomedical insights for drug discovery. In this study, a transcriptome signature reversal approach was conducted to identify the agents against influenza A virus (IAV) infection through dissecting gene expression changes in response to disease or compounds’ perturbations. Two compounds, nifurtimox and chrysin, were identified by a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic based on the transcriptional signatures from 81 IAV-infected patients and the gene expression profiles of 1309 compounds. Their activities were verified in vitro with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) from 9.1 to 19.1 μM against H1N1 or H3N2. It also suggested that the two compounds interfered with multiple sessions in IAV infection by reversing the expression of 28 IAV informative genes. Through network-based analysis of the 28 reversed IAV informative genes, a strong synergistic effect of the two compounds was revealed, which was confirmed in vitro. By using the transcriptome signature reversion (TSR) on clinical datasets, this study provides an efficient scheme for the discovery of drugs targeting multiple host factors regarding clinical signs and symptoms, which may also confer an opportunity for decelerating drug-resistant variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63161716
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Gowda D, Ohno M, B Gowda SG, Chiba H, Shingai M, Kida H, Hui SP. Defining the kinetic effects of infection with influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H1N1) on sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in mice by targeted LC/MS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20161. [PMID: 34635791 PMCID: PMC8505484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a world-wide health concern, causing 290,000-600,000 deaths and up to 5 million cases of severe illnesses annually. Noticing the host factors that control biological responses, such as inflammatory cytokine secretion, to influenza virus infection is important for the development of novel drugs. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite and has essential biological functions in inflammation. However, the kinetic effects of influenza virus infection on physiological S1P levels and their signaling in multiple tissues remain unknown. In this study, we utilized a mouse model intranasally infected with 50 or 500 plaque forming units (PFU) of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1; PR8) virus to investigate how S1P levels and expression of its regulating factors are affected by influenza virus infection by the liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry and real-time PCR, respectively. The S1P level was significantly high in the plasma of mice infected with 500 PFU of the virus than that in control mice at 6 day-post-infection (dpi). Elevated gene expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1), an S1P synthase, was observed in the liver, lung, white adipose tissue, heart, and aorta of infected mice. This could be responsible for the increased plasma S1P levels as well as the decrease in the hepatic S1P lyase (Sgpl1) gene in the infected mice. These results indicate modulation of S1P-signaling by influenza virus infection. Since S1P regulates inflammation and leukocyte migration, it must be worth trying to target this signaling to control influenza-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-Ku, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Bei Y, Tia B, Li Y, Guo Y, Deng S, Huang R, Zeng H, Li R, Wang GF, Dai J. Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPAR α/ γ-AMPK-SIRT1 Pathway and Fatty Acid Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9066938. [PMID: 34540999 PMCID: PMC8445710 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9066938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ-adenosine 5'-monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathway and fatty acid metabolism are reported to be involved in influenza A virus (IAV) replication and IAV-pneumonia. Through a cell-based peroxisome proliferator responsive element- (PPRE-) driven luciferase bioassay, we have investigated 145 examples of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Several TCMs, such as Polygonum cuspidatum, Rheum officinale Baillon, and Aloe vera var. Chinensis (Haw.) Berg., were found to possess high activity. We have further detected the anti-IAV activities of emodin (EMO) and its analogs, a group of common important compounds of these TCMs. The results showed that emodin and its several analogs possess excellent anti-IAV activities. The pharmacological tests showed that emodin significantly activated PPARα/γ and AMPK, decreased fatty acid biosynthesis, and increased intracellular ATP levels. Pharmaceutical inhibitors, siRNAs for PPARα/γ and AMPKα1, and exogenous palmitate impaired the inhibition of emodin. The in vivo test also showed that emodin significantly protected mice from IAV infection and pneumonia. Pharmacological inhibitors for PPARα/γ and AMPK signal and exogenous palmitate could partially counteract the effects of emodin in vivo. In conclusion, emodin and its analogs are a group of promising anti-IAV drug precursors, and the pharmacological mechanism of emodin is linked to its ability to regulate the PPARα/γ-AMPK pathway and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Bei
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20th Xisi Road, 226 001 Nantong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Boyu Tia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Yingzhu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Shufei Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Rouyu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Huiling Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road, 22, Shantou, Guangdong 515 041, China
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Transcriptome reveals the important role of metabolic imbalances, immune disorders and apoptosis in the treatment of Procambarus clarkii at super high temperature. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100781. [PMID: 33316578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor in the living environment of crustaceans. Changes in temperature can affect their normal growth and metabolism and even cause bacterial disease. Currently, the potential anti-reverse molecular reaction mechanism of crustaceans during high-temperature conditions has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we characterised the transcriptome of Procambarus clarkii using RNA sequencing and performed a comparison between super-high-temperature treated samples and controls. After assembly and annotation, 81,097 unigenes with an average length of 069 bp and 358 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, 264 were differentially upregulated and 94 were differentially downregulated. To obtain comprehensive gene function information, we queried seven databases, namely, Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, and GO to annotate gene functions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the identified DEGs have significant effects on immune-related pathways, including lysosomal and phagosomal pathways, and that super-high-temperature conditions can cause disease in P. clarkii. Some significantly downregulated genes are involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the PPAR signalling pathway; this suggests a metabolic imbalance in P. clarkia during extreme temperature conditions. In addition, elevated temperature changed the expression patterns of key apoptosis genes XIAP, CASP2, CASP2, CASP8, and CYTC, thereby confirming that high-temperature conditions caused immune disorders, metabolic imbalance, and, finally, triggered apoptosis. Our results provide a useful foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of P. clarkii during high-temperature conditions.
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Beck ME, Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Kosmider B, Bahmed K, Dahmer MK, Nogee LM, Goetzman ES. The common K333Q polymorphism in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) reduces enzyme stability and function. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:83-89. [PMID: 32389575 PMCID: PMC7606262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid oxidation enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) is expressed at high levels in human alveolar type II (ATII) cells in the lung. A common polymorphism causing an amino acid substitution (K333Q) was previously linked to a loss of LCAD antigen in the lung tissue in sudden infant death syndrome. However, the effects of the polymorphism on LCAD function has not been tested. The present work evaluated recombinant LCAD K333Q. Compared to wild-type LCAD protein, LCAD K333Q exhibited significantly reduced enzymatic activity. Molecular modeling suggested that K333 is within interacting distance of the essential FAD cofactor, and the K333Q protein showed a propensity to lose FAD. Exogenous FAD only partially rescued the activity of LCAD K333Q. LCAD K333Q protein was less stable than wild-type when incubated at physiological temperatures, likely explaining the observation of dramatically reduced LCAD antigen in primary ATII cells isolated from individuals homozygous for K333Q. Despite the effect of K333Q on activity, stability, and antigen levels, the frequency of the polymorphism was not increased among infants and children with lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States of America
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America; Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Mary K Dahmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M Nogee
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
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9
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Ohno M, Sekiya T, Nomura N, Daito TJ, Shingai M, Kida H. Influenza virus infection affects insulin signaling, fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expressions, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10879. [PMID: 32616893 PMCID: PMC7331672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the severity of influenza virus infections has been associated with host energy metabolism, the related mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Here we examined the effects of influenza virus infection on host energy metabolism in mice. After infecting mice with intranasal applications of 500 plaque-forming units of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1; PR8) virus, the serum levels of most intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and related metabolic pathways were significantly reduced. These data suggest that substrate supply to the TCA cycle is reduced under these conditions, rather than specific metabolic reactions being inhibited. Then, we focused on glucose and fatty acid metabolism that supply substrates to the TCA cycle. Akt phosphorylation following insulin injections was attenuated in the livers of PR8 virus-infected mice. Furthermore, glucose tolerance tests revealed that the PR8 virus-infected mice showed higher blood glucose levels than the vehicle-inoculated control mice. These results suggest that influenza virus infection impairs insulin signaling, which regulates glucose uptake. However, increases in the hepatic expressions of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes suggest that fatty acids accumulate in liver cells of infected mice. Collectively, our data indicate that influenza virus infection dysregulates host energy metabolism. This line of investigation provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marumi Ohno
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Taku Ji Daito
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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10
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ITRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Proteome Profiles of Primary Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells Infected with Duck Tembusu Virus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1582709. [PMID: 30809531 PMCID: PMC6369498 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1582709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) have caused substantial economic losses in the major duck-producing regions of China since 2010. To improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of DTMUV infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the protein changes in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs) infected and mock-infected with DTMUV. In total, 434 cellular proteins were differentially expressed, among which 116, 76, and 339 proteins were differentially expressed in the DTMUV-infected DEFs at 12, 24, and 42 hours postinfection, respectively. The Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological processes of the differentially expressed proteins were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, response to stimulus, and cellular organismal processes and that the molecular functions in which the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved were binding and catalytic activity. Some selected proteins that were found to be differentially expressed in DTMUV-infected DEFs were further confirmed by real-time PCR. The results of this study provide valuable insight into DTMUV-host interactions. This could lead to a better understanding of DTMUV infection mechanisms.
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11
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Albert M, Bécares M, Falqui M, Fernández-Lozano C, Guerra S. ISG15, a Small Molecule with Huge Implications: Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110629. [PMID: 30428561 PMCID: PMC6265978 DOI: 10.3390/v10110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are responsible for the majority of infectious diseases, from the common cold to HIV/AIDS or hemorrhagic fevers, the latter with devastating effects on the human population. Accordingly, the development of efficient antiviral therapies is a major goal and a challenge for the scientific community, as we are still far from understanding the molecular mechanisms that operate after virus infection. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) plays an important antiviral role during viral infection. ISG15 catalyzes a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification termed ISGylation, involving the conjugation of ISG15 molecules to de novo synthesized viral or cellular proteins, which regulates their stability and function. Numerous biomedically relevant viruses are targets of ISG15, as well as proteins involved in antiviral immunity. Beyond their role as cellular powerhouses, mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that act as signaling hubs in antiviral responses. In this review, we give an overview of the biological consequences of ISGylation for virus infection and host defense. We also compare several published proteomic studies to identify and classify potential mitochondrial ISGylation targets. Finally, based on our recent observations, we discuss the essential functions of mitochondria in the antiviral response and examine the role of ISG15 in the regulation of mitochondrial processes, specifically OXPHOS and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Martina Bécares
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michela Falqui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Lozano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Tarasenko TN, Cusmano-Ozog K, McGuire PJ. Tissue acylcarnitine status in a mouse model of mitochondrial β-oxidation deficiency during metabolic decompensation due to influenza virus infection. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:144-152. [PMID: 30031688 PMCID: PMC6626496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite judicious monitoring and care, patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders may experience metabolic decompensation due to infection which may result in rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction and failure. Since clinical studies on metabolic decompensation are dangerous, we employed a preclinical model of metabolic decompensation due to infection. By infecting mice with mouse adapted influenza and using a pair-feeding strategy in a mouse model of long-chain fatty acid oxidation (Acadvl-/-), our goals were to isolate the effects of infection on tissue acylcarnitines and determine how they relate to their plasma counterparts. Applying statistical data reduction techniques (Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis), we were able to identify critical acylcarnitines that were driving differentiation of our experimental groups for all the tissues studied. While plasma displayed increases in metabolites directly related to mouse VLCAD deficiency (e.g. C16 and C18), organs like the heart, muscle and liver also showed involvement of alternative pathways (e.g. medium-chain FAO and ketogenesis), suggesting adaptive measures. Matched correlation analyses showed strong correlations (r > 0.7) between plasma and tissue levels for a small number of metabolites. Overall, our results demonstrate that infection as a stress produces perturbations in metabolism in Acadvl-/- that differ greatly from WT infected and Acadvl-/- pair-fed controls. This model system will be useful for studying the effects of infection on tissue metabolism as well as evaluating interventions aimed at modulating the effects of metabolic decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Tarasenko
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter J McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States.
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