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Collotta D, Franchina MP, Carlucci V, Collino M. Recent advances in JAK inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1245535. [PMID: 37701031 PMCID: PMC10494544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1245535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With an epidemic spread, metabolic syndrome represents an increasingly emerging risk for the population globally, and is currently recognized as a pathological entity. It is represented by a cluster of different conditions including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These conditions lead directly to several disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension causing an increase in cardiovascular risk and in particular atherosclerotic disease. Despite efforts to promote healthier lifestyles through exercise, reduced caloric intake, and improved dietary choices, the incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome continue to rise worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of signaling pathways in chronic inflammatory conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealing the significance of the JAK/STAT pathway in atherosclerotic events. This pathway serves as a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module that regulates the expression of critical mediators. Consequently, JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have emerged as potential therapeutic options for metabolic diseases, offering a promising avenue for intervention. The aim of this review is to shed light on the emerging indications of JAK inhibitors in metabolic syndrome, emphasizing their potential role in attenuating associated inflammatory processes, improving insulin sensitivity, and addressing cross-talk with the insulin pathway, with the intention of contributing to efforts in the field of inflammation pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Collotta
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Franchina
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Song L, Cao X, Ji W, Zhao L, Yang W, Lu M, Yang J. Inhibition of STAT3 enhances UCP1 expression and mitochondrial function in brown adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang M, Ma W, Wang Q, Yang Q, Yan X, Tang H, Li Z, Li Y, Feng S, Wang Z. Flavonoid-enriched extract from Millettia speciosa Champ prevents obesity by regulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:445-459. [PMID: 35154681 PMCID: PMC8825741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Millettia speciosa (M. speciosa) Champ is a medicinal and edible plant. The roots are rich in flavonoids, which possess multiple biological activities, including lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of flavonoid-enriched extract from M. speciosa (FMS) on obesity. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and chromatographic analysis were adopted to identify flavonoid compounds in FMS. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 3 months and were then treated with FMS (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) or Orlistat (10 mg kg-1 d-1) for another 8 weeks. A total of 35 flavonoids were identified in the extract of M. speciosa root. FMS reduced body weight gain, liver weight gain, white adipose tissue, lipid accumulation, and blood glucose. The levels of TG, ALT, AST, and inflammatory-related adipokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in serum were also reduced by FMS. In addition, FMS promoted thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and induced the activation of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissues. In summary, long-term administration of FMS could ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity by stimulating adipose thermogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao‐Yuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qing‐Long Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Qing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Xia Yan
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Huan Tang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Xiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Zhu‐Nian Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
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van Krieken PP, Odermatt TS, Borsigova M, Blüher M, Wueest S, Konrad D. Oncostatin M suppresses browning of white adipocytes via gp130-STAT3 signaling. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101341. [PMID: 34547509 PMCID: PMC8502775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is associated with low-grade adipose tissue inflammation and locally elevated levels of several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines. The conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes (browning) may increase energy expenditure and revert the positive energy balance that underlies obesity. Although different gp130 cytokines and their downstream targets were shown to regulate expression of the key browning marker uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), it remains largely unknown how this contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Herein, we aim to study the role of gp130 cytokine signaling in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in the obese state. Methods Protein and gene expression levels of UCP1 and other thermogenic markers were assessed in a subcutaneous adipocyte cell line, adipose tissue depots from control or adipocyte-specific gp130 knockout (gp130Δadipo) mice fed either chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), or subcutaneous WAT biopsies from a human cohort of lean and obese subjects. WAT browning was modeled in vitro by exposing mature adipocytes to isoproterenol after stimulation with gp130 cytokines. ERK and JAK-STAT signaling were blocked using the inhibitors U0126 and Tofacitinib, respectively. Results Inguinal WAT of HFD-fed gp130Δadipo mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of UCP1 and other browning markers such as Cidea and Pgc-1α. In vitro, treatment with the gp130 cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) lowered isoproterenol-induced UCP1 protein and gene expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, OSM mediated the inhibition of Ucp1 via the JAK-STAT but not the ERK pathway. As with mouse data, OSM gene expression in human WAT positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.284, p = 0.021, n = 66) and negatively with UCP1 expression (r = −0.413, p < 0.001, n = 66). Conclusions Our data support the notion that OSM negatively regulates thermogenesis in WAT and thus may be an attractive target for treating obesity. OSM is regulated under obesity and negatively correlates with UCP1 in WAT. OSM suppresses isoproterenol-induced UCP1 in subcutaneous adipocytes. OSM signals through the gp130-STAT3 pathway to lower UCP1 expression. Obese mice lacking gp130 in adipocytes exhibit increased WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim P van Krieken
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy S Odermatt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Leipzig, D-04103, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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JAK out of the Box; The Rationale behind Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the COVID-19 setting, and their potential in obese and diabetic populations. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 10:80-88. [PMID: 34109302 PMCID: PMC8103822 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive use of Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitors has been suggested by rheumatology experts in the management of COVID-19. We recount the rationale behind their use in this setting, and the current evidence for and against their use in this review. JAK-inhibitors role in COVID-19 infection appears to be multifaceted, including preventing viral endocytosis and dampening the effect of excessive chemokines. This drug class may be able to achieve these effects at already preapproved dosages. Concerns arise regarding reactivation of latent viral infections and the feasibility of their use in those with severe disease. Most interestingly, JAK-Inhibitors may also have an additional advantage for diabetic and obese populations, where the dysregulation of JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway may be responsible for their increased risk of poor outcomes. Targeting this pathway may provide a therapeutic advantage for these patient groups.
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Nugroho DB, Ikeda K, Kajimoto K, Hirata KI, Emoto N. Activation of neuregulin-4 in adipocytes improves metabolic health by enhancing adipose tissue angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:427-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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