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Matsumoto T, Hashimoto K, Okada H. Discretizing low-intensity whole-body vibration into bouts with short rest intervals promotes bone defect repair in osteoporotic mice. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1267-1275. [PMID: 38234146 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Continuous administration of low-intensity whole-body vibration (WBV) gradually diminishes bone mechanosensitivity over time, leading to a weakening of its osteogenic effect. We investigated whether discretizing WBV into bouts with short rest intervals was effective in enhancing osteoporotic bone repair. Ten-week-old female mice were ovariectomized and underwent drill-hole defect surgery (Day 0) on the right tibial diaphysis at 11 weeks of age. The mice underwent one of three regimens starting from Day 1 for 5 days/week: continuous WBV at 45 Hz and 0.3 g for 7.5 min/day (cWBV); 3-s bouts of WBV at 45 Hz, 0.3 g followed by 9-s rest intervals, repeated for 30 min/day (repeated bouts of whole-body vibration with short rest intervals [rWBV]); or a sham treatment. Both the cWBV and rWBV groups received a total of 20,250 vibration cycles per day. On either Day 7 or 14 posteuthanasia (n = 6/group/timepoint), the bone and angiogenic vasculature in the defect were computed tomography imaged using synchrotron light. By Day 14, the bone repair was most advanced in the rWBV group, showing a higher bone volume fraction and a more uniform mineral distribution compared with the sham group. The cWBV group exhibited an intermediate level of bone repair between the sham and rWBV groups. The rWBV group had a decrease in large-sized angiogenic vessels, while the cWBV group showed an increase in such vessels. In conclusion, osteoporotic bone repair was enhanced by WBV bouts with short rest intervals, which may potentially be attributed to the improved mechanosensitivity of osteogenic cells and alterations in angiogenic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumoto
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keishi Hashimoto
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hyuga Okada
- Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Steppe L, Krüger B, Tschaffon-Müller MEA, Ramge JM, Schoppa A, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Activation function 2 (AF2) domain of estrogen receptor-α regulates mechanotransduction during bone fracture healing in estrogen-competent mice. Bone 2023; 172:116781. [PMID: 37100360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
External mechanostimulation applied by whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was demonstrated to cause no or negative effects on fracture healing in estrogen-competent rodents, while in ovariectomized (OVX), estrogen-deficient rodents bone formation after fracture was improved. Using mice with an osteoblast-specific deletion of the estrogen receptor α (ERα), we demonstrated that ERα signaling in osteoblasts is required for both the anabolic and catabolic effects of LMHFV during bone fracture healing in OVX and non-OVX mice, respectively. Because the vibration effects mediated by ERα were strictly dependent on the estrogen status, we hypothesized different roles of ligand-dependent and -independent ERα signaling. To investigate this assumption in the present study, we used mice with a deletion of the C-terminal activation function (AF) domain-2 of the ERα receptor, which mediated ligand-dependent ERα signaling (ERαAF-20). OVX and non-OVX ERαAF-20 animals were subjected to femur osteotomy followed by vibration treatment. We revealed that estrogen-competent mice lacking the AF-2 domain were protected from LMHFV-induced impaired bone regeneration, while the anabolic effects of vibration in OVX mice were not affected by the AF-2 knockout. RNA sequencing further showed that genes involved in Hippo/Yap1-Taz and Wnt signaling were significantly downregulated upon LMHFV in the presence of estrogen in vitro. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the AF-2 domain is crucial for the negative effects of vibration during bone fracture healing in estrogen-competent mice suggesting that the osteoanabolic effects of vibration are rather mediated by ligand-independent ERα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Moritz Ramge
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Widmayer F, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Witz F, Jansen JU, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Teixeira GQ. Oestrogen and Vibration Improve Intervertebral Disc Cell Viability and Decrease Catabolism in Bovine Organ Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076143. [PMID: 37047116 PMCID: PMC10094023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk for intervertebral disc degeneration, possibly due to the decrease in oestrogen levels. Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) is applied as a therapeutic approach for postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, less is known regarding possible effects on the intervertebral disc (IVD) and whether these may be oestrogen-dependent. The present study investigated the effect of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and LMHFV in an IVD organ culture model. Bovine IVDs (n = 6 IVDs/group) were treated with either (i) E2, (ii) LMHFV or (iii) the combination of E2 + LMHFV for 2 or 14 days. Minor changes in gene expression, cellularity and matrix metabolism were observed after E2 treatment, except for a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and interleukin (IL)-6 production. Interestingly, LMHFV alone induced cell loss and increased IL-6 production compared to the control. The combination of E2 + LMHFV induced a protective effect against cell loss and decreased IL-6 production compared to the LMHFV group. This indicates possible benefits of oestrogen therapy for the IVDs of postmenopausal women undergoing LMHFV exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Widmayer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fiona Witz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan U Jansen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Graciosa Q Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Choi D, Ishii T, Ishikawa M, Ootake T, Kamei H, Nagai K, Sueishi K. Vertical Vibration of Mouse Osteoblasts Promotes Cellular Differentiation and Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Aging In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020444. [PMID: 36830981 PMCID: PMC9953217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of the vibration of osteoblasts on the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary maxilla osteoblasts harvested from eight-week-old mice were subjected to vibration at 3, 30, and 300 Hz once daily for 30 min; control group, 0 Hz. A cell proliferation assay and Cell-Clock Cell Cycle Assay were performed 24 h after vibration. Osteoblast differentiation assay, aging marker genes, SA-β-Gal activity, and telomere length (qPCR) were assayed two weeks post- vibration once every two days. RESULTS Cell proliferation increased significantly at 30 and 300 Hz rather than 0 Hz. Several cells were in the late G2/M stage of the cell cycle at 30 Hz. The osteoblast differentiation assay was significantly higher at 30 Hz than at 0 Hz. Runx2 mRNA was downregulated at 30 Hz compared to that at 0 Hz, while osteopontin, osteocalcin, and sclerostin mRNA were upregulated. p53/p21, p16, and c-fos were activated at 30 Hz. SA-β-Gal activity increased significantly at 30 or 300 Hz. Telomere length was significantly lower at 30 or 300 Hz. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that providing optimal vibration to osteoblasts promotes cell cycle progression and differentiation and induces cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Dental Center, 1-2-2, Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0011, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-5375-1724
| | - Munetada Ishikawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ootake
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kamei
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagai
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, KandaMisaki-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Dental Center, 1-2-2, Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0011, Japan
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Born C, Jakob F, Shojaa M, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Kerschan-Schindl K, Lange U, Thomasius F, Kemmler W. Effects of Hormone Therapy and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2389-2401. [PMID: 35325147 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is some evidence that an adequate "anabolic hormonal milieu" is essential for the mechanosensitivity/transduction/response of bone tissue. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine whether enhancing hormone therapy (HT) with exercise increases the isolated effect of HT on bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). METHODS A comprehensive search of 6 electronic databases according to the PRISMA statement up to April 28, 2021, included controlled trials longer than 6 months with 3 study arms: (a) HT, (b) exercise, and (c) HT plus exercise (HT + E). Apart from HT, no pharmaceutic therapy or diseases with relevant osteoanabolic or osteocatabolic effect on bone metabolism were included. The present analysis was conducted as a random-effects meta-analysis. Outcome measures were standardized mean differences (SMD) for BMD changes at the LS and FN. RESULTS Our search identified 6 eligible studies (n = 585). Although the effect of HT + E was more pronounced in the LS (SMD: 0.19; 95% C,: -0.15 to 0.53) and FN-BMD (0.18; -0.09 to 0.44) compared to the HT group, we did not observe significant differences between the 2 groups. We observed a low (I2: 29%) or moderate (I2: 49%) level of heterogeneity between the trials for FN or LS. CONCLUSION We do not observe a significant effect of HT + E vs HT alone. We largely attribute this result to varying HT supplementation and hormonal status. Bearing in mind that synergistic/additive effects between HT and mechanical stimulation can only be expected in situations of hormonal insufficiency, further clinical studies should consider baseline endogenous estrogen production but also HT dosing more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Born
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum für Bewegungsforschung, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- University Hospital Tübingen, Institute of Health Science, Department Population-Based Medicine, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Lange
- German Society for Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Thomasius
- Osteology Umbrella Association Germany, Austria ,Switzerland; Frankfurt Center of Bone Health, 60306 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, FAU-Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Beneficial effects of whole-body vibration exercise for brain disorders in experimental studies with animal models: a systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113933. [PMID: 35654174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain disorders have been a health challenge and is increasing over the years. Early diagnosis and interventions are considered essential strategies to treat patients at risk of brain disease. Physical exercise has shown to be beneficial for patients with brain diseases. A type of exercise intervention known as whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise gained increasing interest. During WBV, mechanical vibrations, produced by a vibrating platform are transmitted, to the body. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the effects of WBV exercise on brain function and behavior in experimental studies with animal models. Searches were performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science including publications from 1960 to July 2021, using the keywords "whole body vibration" AND (animal or mice or mouse or rat or rodent). From 1284 hits, 20 papers were selected. Rats were the main animal model used (75%) followed by mice (20%) and porcine model (5%), 16 studies used males species and 4 females. The risk of bias, accessed with the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool, indicated that none of the studies fulfilled all methodological criteria, resulting in possible bias. Despite heterogeneity, the results suggest beneficial effects of WBV exercise on brain functioning, mainly related to motor performance, coordination, behavioral control, neuronal plasticity and synapse function. In conclusion, the findings observed in animal studies justifies continued clinical research regarding the effectiveness and potential of WBV for the treatment of various types of brain disorders such as trauma, developmental disorders, neurogenetic diseases and other neurological diseases.
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Wang N, Zhang X, Rothrauff BB, Fritch MR, Chang A, He Y, Yeung M, Liu S, Lipa KE, Lei G, Alexander PG, Lin H. Novel role of estrogen receptor-α on regulating chondrocyte phenotype and response to mechanical loading. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:302-314. [PMID: 34767957 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In knee cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), both preserved cartilage and damaged cartilage are observed. In this study, we aim to compare preserved with damaged cartilage to identify the molecule(s) that may be responsible for the mechanical loading-induced differences within cartilage degradation. METHODS Preserved and damaged cartilage were harvested from the same OA knee joint. RNA Sequencing was performed to examine the transcriptomic differences between preserved and damaged cartilage cells. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was identified, and its function of was tested through gene knockin and knockout. The role of ERα in mediating chondrocyte response to mechanical loading was examined via compression of chondrocyte-laded hydrogel in a strain-controlled manner. Findings from the studies on human samples were verified in animal models. RESULTS Level of estrogen receptor α (ERα) was significantly reduced in damaged cartilage compared to preserved cartilage, which were observed in both human and mice samples. Knockdown of ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, resulted in an upregulation of senescence- and OA-relevant markers in chondrocytes. Conversely, knockin of ESR1 partially reversed the osteoarthritic and senescent phenotype of OA chondrocytes. Using a three-dimensional (3D) culture model, we demonstrated that mechanical overload significantly suppressed ERα level in chondrocytes with concomitant upregulation of osteoarthritic phenotype. When ESR1 expression was suppressed, mechanical loading enhanced hypertrophic and osteogenic transition. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a new estrogen-independent role of ERα in mediating chondrocyte phenotype and its response to mechanical loading, and suggests that enhancing ERα level may represent a new method to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - B B Rothrauff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - M R Fritch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - A Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Y He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - M Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA.
| | - S Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - K E Lipa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA.
| | - G Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - P G Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - H Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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Song M, Kwon S. Enhanced Cellular Permeation Efficiency Through Mechanical Vibration-induced Actin Cytoskeleton Changes in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Steppe L, Krüger BT, Tschaffon MEA, Fischer V, Tuckermann J, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Estrogen Receptor α Signaling in Osteoblasts is Required for Mechanotransduction in Bone Fracture Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:782355. [PMID: 34950644 PMCID: PMC8689144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.782355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stimulation by whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has demonstrated to provoke anabolic effects on bone metabolism in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animals and humans. However, preclinical studies reported that vibration improved fracture healing and bone formation in osteoporotic, ovariectomized (OVX) mice representing an estrogen-deficient hormonal status, but impaired bone regeneration in skeletally healthy non-OVX mice. These effects were abolished in general estrogen receptor α (ERα)-knockout (KO) mice. However, it remains to be elucidated which cell types in the fracture callus are targeted by LMHFV during bone healing. To answer this question, we generated osteoblast lineage-specific ERα-KO mice that were subjected to ovariectomy, femur osteotomy and subsequent vibration. We found that the ERα specifically on osteoblastic lineage cells facilitated the vibration-induced effects on fracture healing, because in osteoblast lineage-specific ERα-KO (ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre) mice the negative effects in non-OVX mice were abolished, whereas the positive effects of vibration in OVX mice were reversed. To gain greater mechanistic insights, the influence of vibration on murine and human osteogenic cells was investigated in vitro by whole genome array analysis and qPCR. The results suggested that particularly canonical WNT and Cox2/PGE2 signaling is involved in the mechanotransduction of LMHFV under estrogen-deficient conditions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a critical role of the osteoblast lineage-specific ERα in LMHFV-induced effects on fracture healing and provides further insights into the molecular mechanism behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thilo Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Fu Z, Huang X, Zhou P, Wu B, Cheng L, Wang X, Zhu D. Protective effects of low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunction and bone loss in diabetic rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:650. [PMID: 34717702 PMCID: PMC8557505 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been reported to be capable of promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Reduced osteoblast activity and impaired bone formation were related to diabetic bone loss. We investigated the potential protective effects of LMHFV on high-glucose (HG)-induced osteoblasts in this study. In addition, the assessment of LMHFV treatment for bone loss attributed to diabetes was also performed in vivo.
Method MC3T3-E1 cells induced by HG only or treated with LMHFV were treated in vitro. The experiments performed in this study included the detection of cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as protein expression. Diabetic bone loss induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats was established. Combined with bone morphometric, microstructure, biomechanical properties and matrix composition tests, the potential of LMHFV in treating diabetes bone loss was explored. Results After the application of LMHFV, the inhibiting effects of HG on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts were alleviated. The GSK3β/β-catenin pathway was involved in the protective effect of LMHFV. Impaired microstructure and biomechanical properties attributed to diabetes were ameliorated by LMHFV treatment. The improvement of femur biomechanical properties might be associated with the alteration of the matrix composition by the LMHFV. Conclusion LMHFV exhibited a protective effect on osteoblasts against HG by regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of osteoblasts. The function of promoting bone formation and reinforcing bone strength made it possible for LMHFV to alleviate diabetic bone loss. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02803-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Sound Vibration on Human Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050597. [PMID: 34069792 PMCID: PMC8157227 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a narrative review of research literature to “map the landscape” of the mechanisms of the effect of sound vibration on humans including the physiological, neurological, and biochemical. It begins by narrowing music to sound and sound to vibration. The focus is on low frequency sound (up to 250 Hz) including infrasound (1–16 Hz). Types of application are described and include whole body vibration, vibroacoustics, and focal applications of vibration. Literature on mechanisms of response to vibration is categorized into hemodynamic, neurological, and musculoskeletal. Basic mechanisms of hemodynamic effects including stimulation of endothelial cells and vibropercussion; of neurological effects including protein kinases activation, nerve stimulation with a specific look at vibratory analgesia, and oscillatory coherence; of musculoskeletal effects including muscle stretch reflex, bone cell progenitor fate, vibration effects on bone ossification and resorption, and anabolic effects on spine and intervertebral discs. In every category research on clinical applications are described. The conclusion points to the complexity of the field of vibrational medicine and calls for specific comparative research on type of vibration delivery, amount of body or surface being stimulated, effect of specific frequencies and intensities to specific mechanisms, and to greater interdisciplinary cooperation and focus.
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Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt Signaling Activation on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Bone Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218301. [PMID: 33167497 PMCID: PMC7663944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice.
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Steppe L, Liedert A, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Influence of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration on Bone Cells and Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595139. [PMID: 33195165 PMCID: PMC7609921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.595139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue for which mechanical stimuli are crucial in maintaining its structure and function. Bone cells react to their biomechanical environment by activating molecular signaling pathways, which regulate their proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production. Bone implants influence the mechanical conditions in the adjacent bone tissue. Optimizing their mechanical properties can support bone regeneration. Furthermore, external biomechanical stimulation can be applied to improve implant osseointegration and accelerate bone regeneration. One promising anabolic therapy is vertical whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV). This form of vibration is currently extensively investigated to serve as an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, and efficient treatment for bone disorders and regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of LMHFV effects on bone cells in vitro and on implant integration and bone fracture healing in vivo. In particular, we review the current knowledge on cellular signaling pathways which are influenced by LMHFV within bone tissue. Most of the in vitro experiments showed that LMHFV is able to enhance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and osteoblast proliferation. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and osteoblasts was shown to be accelerated by LMHFV, whereas osteoclastogenic differentiation was inhibited. Furthermore, LMHFV increased bone regeneration during osteoporotic fracture healing and osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Important mechanosensitive pathways mediating the effects of LMHFV might be the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway, and cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Herrmann M, Engelke K, Ebert R, Müller-Deubert S, Rudert M, Ziouti F, Jundt F, Felsenberg D, Jakob F. Interactions between Muscle and Bone-Where Physics Meets Biology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030432. [PMID: 32164381 PMCID: PMC7175139 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle and bone interact via physical forces and secreted osteokines and myokines. Physical forces are generated through gravity, locomotion, exercise, and external devices. Cells sense mechanical strain via adhesion molecules and translate it into biochemical responses, modulating the basic mechanisms of cellular biology such as lineage commitment, tissue formation, and maturation. This may result in the initiation of bone formation, muscle hypertrophy, and the enhanced production of extracellular matrix constituents, adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal elements. Bone and muscle mass, resistance to strain, and the stiffness of matrix, cells, and tissues are enhanced, influencing fracture resistance and muscle power. This propagates a dynamic and continuous reciprocity of physicochemical interaction. Secreted growth and differentiation factors are important effectors of mutual interaction. The acute effects of exercise induce the secretion of exosomes with cargo molecules that are capable of mediating the endocrine effects between muscle, bone, and the organism. Long-term changes induce adaptations of the respective tissue secretome that maintain adequate homeostatic conditions. Lessons from unloading, microgravity, and disuse teach us that gratuitous tissue is removed or reorganized while immobility and inflammation trigger muscle and bone marrow fatty infiltration and propagate degenerative diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Ongoing research will certainly find new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Herrmann
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, IZKF Research Group Tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Department of Medicine 3, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, IGZ, 97076 Würzburg, Germany; (R.E.)
| | - Sigrid Müller-Deubert
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, IGZ, 97076 Würzburg, Germany; (R.E.)
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Fani Ziouti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (F.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (F.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Privatpraxis für Muskel- und Knochenkrankheiten, 12163 Berlin Germany;
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, IGZ, 97076 Würzburg, Germany; (R.E.)
- Orthopedic Department, Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Li YH, Zhu D, Cao Z, Liu Y, Sun J, Tan L. Primary cilia respond to intermittent low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration and mediate vibration-induced effects in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C73-C82. [PMID: 31577514 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the role of primary cilia in low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) treatment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts (OBs). We used chloral hydrate (CH), which has a well-characterized function in chemically removing primary cilia, to elucidate the role of primary cilia in LMHFV-induced OB osteogenic responses through cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and histochemical staining methods. We observed a significant, 30% decrease in the number of MC3T3-E1 OBs with primary cilia (reduced from 64.3 ± 5%) and an approximately 50% reduction in length of primary cilia (reduced from 3 ± 0.8 μm) after LMHFV stimulation. LMHFV stimulation upregulated protein expression of the bone matrix markers collagen 1 (COL-1), osteopontin (OPN), and osteoclacin(OCN) in MC3T3-E1 OBs, indicating that LMHFV induces osteogenesis. High-concentration or long-duration CH exposure resulted in inhibition of MC3T3-E1 OB survival. In addition, Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that CH treatment prevented LMHFV-induced osteogenesis. Furthermore, decreased alkaline phosphate activity, reduced OB differentiation, mineralization, and maturation were observed in CH-pretreated and LMHFV-treated OBs. We showed that LMHFV induces morphological changes in primary cilia that may fine-tune their mechanosensitivity. In addition, we demonstrated the significant inhibition by CH of LMHFV-induced OB mineralization, maturation, and differentiation, which might reveal the critical role of primary cilia in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology and Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongbing Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Therapeutic effects of whole-body vibration on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 2019; 26:677-686. [PMID: 30562321 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole-body vibration (WBV), providing cyclic mechanical stimulation, has been used to accelerate fracture healing in preclinical studies. This study aimed to summarize and evaluate the effects of WBV on bone healing in ovariectomized rat models and then analyze its potential effects on fractures in human postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, SinoMed, and WanFang databases were searched from their inception date to September 2017, and an updated search was conducted in January 2018. Studies that evaluated the effects of WBV on bone healing compared with control groups in ovariectomized rats were included. Two authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. Meta-analyses were performed when the same outcomes were reported in two or more studies. RESULTS Nine eligible studies were selected. In treatment groups, callus areas were significantly improved in the first 3 weeks, normalized total bone volume and total tissue volume values increased dramatically at 8 weeks, and the mechanical tests showed a significant difference at the end point of the study. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that WBV could accelerate callus formation in the early phase of bone healing, promote callus mineralization and maturity in the later phase, and restore mechanical properties of bones.
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