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Buenaventura A, Saito T, Kanao T, Matsunaga D, Matsui TS, Deguchi S. Intracellular Macromolecular Crowding within Individual Stress Fibers Analyzed by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:165-176. [PMID: 39050511 PMCID: PMC11263330 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diffusion of cell components such as proteins is crucial to the function of all living cells. The abundance of macromolecules in cells is likely to cause a state of macromolecular crowding, but its effects on the extent of diffusion remain poorly understood. Methods Here we investigate the diffusion rate in three distinct locations in mesenchymal cell types, namely the open cytoplasm, the stress fibers in the open cytoplasm, and those below the nucleus using three kinds of biologically inert green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), namely a monomer, dimer, and trimer GFP. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to determine the diffusion coefficients. Results We show that diffusion tends to be lowered on average in stress fibers and is significantly lower in those located below the nucleus. Our data suggest that the diffusive properties of GFPs, and potentially other molecules as well, are hindered by macromolecular crowding. However, although the size dependence on protein diffusion was also studied for monomer, dimer, and trimer GFPs, there was no significant difference in the diffusion rates among the GFPs of these sizes. These results could be attributed to the lack of significant change in protein size among the selected GFP multimers. Conclusion The data presented here would provide a basis for better understanding of the complex protein diffusion in the nonuniform cytoplasm, shedding light on cellular responses to mechanical stress, their local mechanical properties, and reduced turnover in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Buenaventura
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0812 Japan
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, USA
| | - Taiga Kanao
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Daiki Matsunaga
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tsubasa S. Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
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2
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Rasmussen M, Jin JP. Mechanoregulation and function of calponin and transgelin. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:011302. [PMID: 38515654 PMCID: PMC10954348 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that chemical energy can be converted to mechanical force in biological systems by motor proteins such as myosin ATPase. It is also broadly observed that constant/static mechanical signals potently induce cellular responses. However, the mechanisms that cells sense and convert the mechanical force into biochemical signals are not well understood. Calponin and transgelin are a family of homologous proteins that participate in the regulation of actin-activated myosin motor activity. An isoform of calponin, calponin 2, has been shown to regulate cytoskeleton-based cell motility functions under mechanical signaling. The expression of the calponin 2 gene and the turnover of calponin 2 protein are both under mechanoregulation. The regulation and function of calponin 2 has physiological and pathological significance, as shown in platelet adhesion, inflammatory arthritis, arterial atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease, post-surgical fibrotic peritoneal adhesion, chronic proteinuria, ovarian insufficiency, and tumor metastasis. The levels of calponin 2 vary in different cell types, reflecting adaptations to specific tissue environments and functional states. The present review focuses on the mechanoregulation of calponin and transgelin family proteins to explore how cells sense steady tension and convert the force signal to biochemical activities. Our objective is to present a current knowledge basis for further investigations to establish the function and mechanisms of calponin and transgelin in cellular mechanoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rasmussen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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3
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Hsieh TB, Jin JP. Evolution and function of calponin and transgelin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1206147. [PMID: 37363722 PMCID: PMC10285543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calponin and transgelin (originally named SM22) are homologous cytoskeleton proteins that regulate actin-activated myosin motor functions in smooth muscle contraction and non-muscle cell motility during adhesion, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and inflammatory responses. They are abundant cytoskeleton proteins present in multiple cell types whereas their physiological functions remain to be fully established. This focused review summarizes the evolution of genes encoding calponin and transgelin and their isoforms and discusses the structural similarity and divergence in vertebrate and invertebrate species in the context of functions in regulating cell motility. As the first literature review focusing on the evolution of the calponin-transgelin family of proteins in relevance to their structure-function relationship, the goal is to outline a foundation of current knowledge for continued investigations to understand the biological functions of calponin and transgelin in various cell types during physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Liu X, Li X, Kuang Q, Luo H. Screening of immunotherapy-related genes in bladder cancer based on GEO datasets. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1176637. [PMID: 37274283 PMCID: PMC10232963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1176637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most prevalent genitourinary cancers, bladder cancer (BLCA) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, limited indicators are available for early detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer, and there is a lack of specific biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of BLCA patients. This study aims to identify critical genes that affect bladder cancer immunity to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer and to identify new biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy. Methods Two GEO datasets were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network of DEGs, and plug-in APP CytoHubba in Cytoscape was used to identify critical genes in the network. GO and KEGG analyses explored the functions and pathways of differential gene enrichment. We used GEPIA to validate the expression of differential genes, their impact on patient survival, and their relationship to clinicopathological parameters. Additionally, hub genes were verified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Immune infiltration analysis and multiple immunohistochemistry reveal the impact of Hub genes on the tumor microenvironment. Result We screened out 259 differential genes, and identified 10 key hub genes by the degree algorithm. Four genes (ACTA2, FLNA, TAGLN, and TPM1) were associated with overall or disease-free survival in BLCA patients and were significantly associated with clinical parameters. We experimentally confirmed that the mRNA and protein levels of these four genes were significantly decreased in bladder cancer cells. Immunoassays revealed that these four genes affect immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment; they increased the polarization of M2 macrophages. Conclusion These four genes affect the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer, provide a new direction for tumor immunotherapy, and have significant potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihui Kuang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Huangshi, Huangshi, China
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Determining the domain-level reaction-diffusion properties of an actin-binding protein transgelin-2 within cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112619. [PMID: 33965400 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins in cells undergo repeated binding to other molecules, thereby reducing the apparent extent of their intracellular diffusion. While much effort has been made to analytically decouple these combined effects of pure diffusion and chemical binding, it is difficult with conventional approaches to attribute the measured quantities to the nature of specific domains of the proteins. Motivated by the common goal in cell signaling research aimed at identifying the domains responsible for particular intermolecular interactions, here we describe a framework for determining the local physicochemical properties of cellular proteins associated with immobile scaffolds. To validate this new approach, we apply it to transgelin-2, an actin-binding protein whose intracellular dynamics remains elusive. We develop a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)-based framework, in which comprehensive combinations of domain-deletion mutants are created, and the difference among them in FRAP response is analyzed. We demonstrate that transgelin-2 in actin stress fibers (SFs) interacts with F-actin via two separate domains, and the chemical properties are determined for the individual domains. Its pure diffusion properties independent of the association to F-actin is also obtained. Our approach will thus be useful, as presented here for transgelin-2, in addressing the signaling mechanism of cellular proteins associated with SFs.
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6
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Kim HR, Park JS, Karabulut H, Yasmin F, Jun CD. Transgelin-2: A Double-Edged Sword in Immunity and Cancer Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606149. [PMID: 33898417 PMCID: PMC8060441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin-2, a small actin-binding protein, is the only transgelin family member expressed in immune cells. In T and B lymphocytes, transgelin-2 is constitutively expressed, but in antigen-presenting cells, it is significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Transgelin-2 acts as a molecular staple to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, and it competes with cofilin to bind filamentous (F)-actin. This action may enable immune synapse stabilization during T-cell interaction with cognate antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, transgelin-2 blocks Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin branching, which is presumably related to small filopodia formation, enhanced phagocytic function, and antigen presentation. Overall, transgelin-2 is an essential part of the molecular armament required for host defense against neoplasms and infectious diseases. However, transgelin-2 acts as a double-edged sword, as its expression is also essential for a wide range of tumor development, including drug resistance and metastasis. Thus, targeting transgelin-2 can also have a therapeutic advantage for cancer treatment; selectively suppressing transgelin-2 expression may prevent multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we review newly discovered molecular characteristics of transgelin-2 and discuss clinical applications for cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hatice Karabulut
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Fatima Yasmin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
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7
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Temporal proteomic profiling reveals insight into critical developmental processes and temperature-influenced physiological response differences in a bivalve mollusc. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:723. [PMID: 33076839 PMCID: PMC7574277 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein expression patterns underlie physiological processes and phenotypic differences including those occurring during early development. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) undergoes a major phenotypic change in early development from free-swimming larval form to sessile benthic dweller while proliferating in environments with broad temperature ranges. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the species, physiological processes occurring throughout metamorphosis and the impact of temperature on these processes have not yet been mapped out. Results Towards this, we comprehensively characterized protein abundance patterns for 7978 proteins throughout metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster at different temperature regimes. We used a multi-statistical approach including principal component analysis, ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis, and hierarchical clustering coupled with functional enrichment analysis to characterize these data. We identified distinct sets of proteins with time-dependent abundances generally not affected by temperature. Over 12 days, adhesion and calcification related proteins acutely decreased, organogenesis and extracellular matrix related proteins gradually decreased, proteins related to signaling showed sinusoidal abundance patterns, and proteins related to metabolic and growth processes gradually increased. Contrastingly, different sets of proteins showed temperature-dependent abundance patterns with proteins related to immune response showing lower abundance and catabolic pro-growth processes showing higher abundance in animals reared at 29 °C relative to 23 °C. Conclusion Although time was a stronger driver than temperature of metamorphic proteome changes, temperature-induced proteome differences led to pro-growth physiology corresponding to larger oyster size at 29 °C, and to altered specific metamorphic processes and possible pathogen presence at 23 °C. These findings offer high resolution insight into why oysters may experience high mortality rates during this life transition in both field and culture settings. The proteome resource generated by this study provides data-driven guidance for future work on developmental changes in molluscs. Furthermore, the analytical approach taken here provides a foundation for effective shotgun proteomic analyses across a variety of taxa.
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8
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Y. Transgelins: Cytoskeletal Associated Proteins Implicated in the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573859. [PMID: 33117801 PMCID: PMC7575706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelins, including transgelin-1 (T-1), transgelin-2 (T-2), and transgelin-3 (T-3), are a family of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) that can alter the structure and morphology of the cytoskeleton. These proteins function by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis in many different cancers. Several studies have shown that in various types of tumor cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and in the tumor microenvironment, the expression and biological effects of transgelins are diverse and may transform during tumor progression. Previous researches have demonstrated that transgelin levels are positively correlated with metastasis in CRC, and down-regulating their expression can inhibit this process. In advanced disease, T-1 is a tumor activator with increasing expression, and T-2 expression increases with the progression of CRC. Finally, T-3 is only expressed in neurons and is not associated with CRC. This evidence suggests that T-1 and T-2 are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Jiang Y, Sun Q, Fan M, He J, Zhang X, Xu H, Liao Z. Recombinant transgelin-like protein 1 from Mytilus shell induces formation of CaCO 3 polymorphic crystals in vitro. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2216-2234. [PMID: 32902197 PMCID: PMC7530383 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin is an actin cross-linking/gelling protein of the calponin family, which is associated with actin stress fibres, cell motility, adhesion and the maintenance of cell morphology. Transgelin-like proteins (TLPs) have also been identified as shell matrix proteins (SMPs) in several mollusc species; however, the functions of TLPs in biomineralization remain unknown. Transgelin-like protein 1 (TLP-1) was previously identified from the shell of Mytilus coruscus as a novel 19 kDa SMP with a calponin homology (CH) domain. To understand the role of TLP-1 in shell formation, the expression level and localization of the TLP-1 gene in biomineralization-related tissues were determined in this study. Furthermore, recombinant TLP-1 was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system with codon optimization, and an anti-rTLP-1 antibody was prepared based on the expressed recombinant TLP-1 (rTLP-1) protein. In vitro, rTLP-1 induced the formation of CaCO3 polymorphic crystals with distinct morphologies and inhibited crystallization rate and crystal interactions. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and pull-down analyses using the anti-rTLP-1 antibody revealed the specific locations of TLP-1 in biomineralization-related tissues and shell myostracum layer, and suggested the existence of a possible TLP-1 interaction network in the shell matrix. Our results are beneficial for understanding the functions of TLP-1, particularly through its CH domain, during shell mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
| | - Meihua Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PisaCoNISMaItaly
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
| | - Huanzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein EngineeringMarine Science and Technical CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan CityChina
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10
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Theocharidis G, Baltzis D, Roustit M, Tellechea A, Dangwal S, Khetani RS, Shu B, Zhao W, Fu J, Bhasin S, Kafanas A, Hui D, Sui SH, Patsopoulos NA, Bhasin M, Veves A. Integrated Skin Transcriptomics and Serum Multiplex Assays Reveal Novel Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes 2020; 69:2157-2169. [PMID: 32763913 PMCID: PMC7506837 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, both locally and systemically. We prospectively followed a group of patients who either healed or developed nonhealing chronic DFUs. Serum and forearm skin analysis, both at the protein expression and the transcriptomic level, indicated that increased expression of factors such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were associated with DFU healing. Furthermore, foot skin single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed multiple fibroblast cell clusters and increased inflammation in the dorsal skin of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and DFU specimens compared with control subjects. In addition, in myeloid cell DM and DFU upstream regulator analysis, we observed inhibition of interleukin-13 and IFN-γ and dysregulation of biological processes that included cell movement of monocytes, migration of dendritic cells, and chemotaxis of antigen-presenting cells pointing to an impaired migratory profile of immune cells in DM skin. The SLCO2A1 and CYP1A1 genes, which were upregulated at the forearm of nonhealers, were mainly expressed by the vascular endothelial cell cluster almost exclusively in DFU, indicating a potential important role in wound healing. These results from integrated protein and transcriptome analyses identified individual genes and pathways that can potentially be targeted for enhancing DFU healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theocharidis
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dimitrios Baltzis
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Tellechea
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Seema Dangwal
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Radhika S Khetani
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bin Shu
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wanni Zhao
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Swati Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, and Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antonios Kafanas
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Hui
- Systems Biology and Computer Science Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Systems Biology and Computer Science Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, and Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Xie X, Xu D, Zhuang L, Liu H, Tan S, Lu Y, Su M, Chen J, Pan H, Lu L, Xu Y, Liao M, Xu Z, He J. Sanfu herbal patch applied at acupoints in patients with bronchial asthma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:684. [PMID: 32727619 PMCID: PMC7389380 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial asthma is one of the most common inflammatory airway disorders. As one of the main non-drug therapies, the Sanfu herbal patch (SHP) has been widely used to treat bronchial asthma, although the evidence for its efficacy and associated mechanism are inconclusive. The objective of this trial is to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of the SHP in the treatment of bronchial asthma in the chronic persistent or clinical remission stage and to provide high-quality data for further research. Methods We propose a multicentre, double-blinded, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 4 study hospitals in China. A total of 72 eligible participants will be randomized into an SHP group and a placebo group. They will receive an SHP for 3 treatment sessions. The primary outcome will be changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after 3 treatment sessions. Secondary outcomes will include the following: (1) the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Long-term Follow-up Scale; (2) levels of Metallothionein-2 and Transgelin-2 in blood and urine; and (3) levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-23, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in blood. Analysis of the data will be performed at baseline, at the end of the 2nd and 3rd treatment sessions, and at the 24-week follow-up. The safety of the SHP will be evaluated at each treatment session. Discussion The aims of this trial are to determine whether the SHP is more effective than placebo in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, as well as whether the SHP works by reducing airway inflammation and reversing bronchoconstriction. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn), ChiCTR1900024616. Registered on 19 July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xie
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Danghan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lixing Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sui Tan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Meiyi Su
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Pingshan District Peoples' Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 515000, China
| | - Muxi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhanqiong Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Yin LM, Schnoor M, Jun CD. Structural Characteristics, Binding Partners and Related Diseases of the Calponin Homology (CH) Domain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:342. [PMID: 32478077 PMCID: PMC7240100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calponin homology (CH) domain is one of the most common modules in various actin-binding proteins and is characterized by an α-helical fold. The CH domain plays important regulatory roles in both cytoskeletal dynamics and signaling. The CH domain is required for stability and organization of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium mobilization and activation of downstream pathways. The CH domain has recently garnered increased attention due to its importance in the onset of different diseases, such as cancers and asthma. However, many roles of the CH domain in various protein functions and corresponding diseases are still unclear. Here, we review current knowledge about the structural features, interactome and related diseases of the CH domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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Transgelin, a p53 and PTEN-Upregulated Gene, Inhibits the Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194946. [PMID: 31591355 PMCID: PMC6801752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin (TAGLN/SM22-α) is a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, affecting the survival, migration, and apoptosis of various cancer cells divergently; however, the roles of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells remain inconclusive. We compared expressions of TAGLN in human bladder carcinoma cells to the normal human bladder tissues to determine the potential biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of TAGLN in bladder carcinoma cells. Results of RT-qPCR and immunoblot assays indicated that TAGLN expressions were higher in bladder smooth muscle cells, fibroblast cells, and normal epithelial cells than in carcinoma cells (RT-4, HT1376, TSGH-8301, and T24) in vitro. Besides, the results of RT-qPCR revealed that TAGLN expressions were higher in normal tissues than the paired tumor tissues. In vitro, TAGLN knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, while overexpression of TAGLN had the inverse effects in bladder carcinoma cells. Meanwhile, ectopic overexpression of TAGLN attenuated tumorigenesis in vivo. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays showed that TAGLN was predominantly in the cytosol and colocalized with F-actin. Ectopic overexpression of either p53 or PTEN induced TAGLN expression, while p53 knockdown downregulated TAGLN expression in bladder carcinoma cells. Our results indicate that TAGLN is a p53 and PTEN-upregulated gene, expressing higher levels in normal bladder epithelial cells than carcinoma cells. Further, TAGLN inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and blocked tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, it can be concluded that TAGLN is an antitumor gene in the human bladder.
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