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Théry M, Blanchoin L. Reconstituting the dynamic steady states of actin networks in vitro. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:494-497. [PMID: 38538835 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Théry
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CEA, ESPCI, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CytoMorpho Lab, Paris, France.
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France.
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CEA, ESPCI, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CytoMorpho Lab, Paris, France.
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France.
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Eroumé KS, Cavill R, Staňková K, de Boer J, Carlier A. Exploring the influence of cytosolic and membrane FAK activation on YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. Biophys J 2021; 120:4360-4377. [PMID: 34509508 PMCID: PMC8553670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane binding and unbinding dynamics play a crucial role in the biological activity of several nonintegral membrane proteins, which have to be recruited to the membrane to perform their functions. By localizing to the membrane, these proteins are able to induce downstream signal amplification in their respective signaling pathways. Here, we present a 3D computational approach using reaction-diffusion equations to investigate the relation between membrane localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), and signal amplification of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Our results show that the theoretical scenarios in which FAK is membrane bound yield robust and amplified YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation signals. Moreover, we predict that the amount of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation increases with cell spreading, confirming the experimental findings in the literature. In summary, our in silico predictions show that when the cell membrane interaction area with the underlying substrate increases, for example, through cell spreading, this leads to more encounters between membrane-bound signaling partners and downstream signal amplification. Because membrane activation is a motif common to many signaling pathways, this study has important implications for understanding the design principles of signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerbaï Saïd Eroumé
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katerina Staňková
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Kadzik RS, Homa KE, Kovar DR. F-Actin Cytoskeleton Network Self-Organization Through Competition and Cooperation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 36:35-60. [PMID: 33021819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many fundamental cellular processes such as division, polarization, endocytosis, and motility require the assembly, maintenance, and disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin) networks at specific locations and times within the cell. The particular function of each network is governed by F-actin organization, size, and density as well as by its dynamics. The distinct characteristics of different F-actin networks are determined through the coordinated actions of specific sets of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Furthermore, a cell typically assembles and uses multiple F-actin networks simultaneously within a common cytoplasm, so these networks must self-organize from a common pool of shared globular actin (G-actin) monomers and overlapping sets of ABPs. Recent advances in multicolor imaging and analysis of ABPs and their associated F-actin networks in cells, as well as the development of sophisticated in vitro reconstitutions of networks with ensembles of ABPs, have allowed the field to start uncovering the underlying principles by which cells self-organize diverse F-actin networks to execute basic cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kadzik
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Molecular BioSciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
| | - Kaitlin E Homa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; ,
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Li Y, Liu S, Liu H, Cui Y, Deng Y. Dragon's Blood Regulates Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 Signaling Pathway to Protect Rat Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052722. [PMID: 33800361 PMCID: PMC7962842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dragon’s Blood is a red resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Yunnan, China). As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, it has shown protective effects on intestinal disorders. Microgravity could alter intestinal homeostasis. However, the potential herbal drugs for preventing intestine epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction under microgravity are not available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dragon’s Blood (DB) on microgravity-induced IEB injury and explore its underlying mechanism. A rat tail-suspension model was used to simulate microgravity (SMG). Histomorphology, ultrastructure, permeability, and expression of junction proteins in jejunum, ileum, and colon of SMG rats were determined. Proteomic analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in rat ileum mucosa altered by DB. The potential mechanism of DB to protect IEB dysfunction was validated by western blotting. The effects of several components in DB were evaluated in SMG-treated Caco-2 cells. DB protected against IEB disruption by repairing microvilli and crypts, inhibiting inflammatory factors, lowering the permeability and upregulating the expression of tight and adherens junction proteins in the ileum of SMG rats. Proteomic analysis showed that DB regulated 1080 DEPs in rat ileum mucosa. DEPs were significantly annotated in cell–cell adhesion, focal adhesion, and cytoskeleton regulation. DB increased the expression of Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 pathway proteins and F-actin to G-actin ratio, which promoted the formation of focal adhesions. Loureirin C in DB showed a protective effect on epithelial barrier injury in SMG-treated Caco-2 cells. DB could protect against IEB dysfunction induced by SMG, and its mechanism is associated with the formation of focal adhesions mediated by the Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 pathway, which benefits intestinal epithelial cell migration and barrier repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6891-4607
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Davison A. Flipping Shells! Unwinding LR Asymmetry in Mirror-Image Molluscs. Trends Genet 2020; 36:189-202. [PMID: 31952839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In seeking to understand the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry, a limiting factor is that most animals are ordinarily invariant in their asymmetry, except when manipulated or mutated. It is therefore surprising that the wider scientific field does not appear to fully appreciate the remarkable fact that normal development in molluscs, especially snails, can flip between two chiral types without pathology. Here, I describe recent progress in understanding the evolution, development, and genetics of chiral variation in snails, and place it in context with other animals. I argue that the natural variation of snails is a crucial resource towards understanding the invariance in other animal groups and, ultimately, will be key in revealing the common factors that define cellular and organismal LR asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Davison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Koseki K, Taniguchi D, Yamashiro S, Mizuno H, Vavylonis D, Watanabe N. Lamellipodium tip actin barbed ends serve as a force sensor. Genes Cells 2019; 24:705-718. [PMID: 31514256 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cells change direction of migration by sensing rigidity of environment and traction force, yet its underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that tip actin barbed ends serve as an active "force sensor" at the leading edge. We established a method to visualize intracellular single-molecule fluorescent actin through an elastic culture substrate. We found that immediately after cell edge stretch, actin assembly increased specifically at the lamellipodium tip. The rate of actin assembly increased with increasing stretch speed. Furthermore, tip actin polymerization remained elevated at the subsequent hold step, which was accompanied by a decrease in the load on the tip barbed ends. Stretch-induced tip actin polymerization was still observed without either the WAVE complex or Ena/VASP proteins. The observed relationships between forces and tip actin polymerization are consistent with a force-velocity relationship as predicted by the Brownian ratchet mechanism. Stretch caused extra membrane protrusion with respect to the stretched substrate and increased local tip polymerization by >5% of total cellular actin in 30 s. Our data reveal that augmentation of lamellipodium tip actin assembly is directly coupled to the load decrease, which may serve as a force sensor for directed cell protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Koseki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sawako Yamashiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizuno
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
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Yamashiro S, Watanabe N. Quantitative high-precision imaging of myosin-dependent filamentous actin dynamics. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:163-173. [PMID: 31313218 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent decades, considerable effort has been made to understand how mechanical stress applied to the actin network alters actin assembly and disassembly dynamics. However, there are conflicting reports concerning the issue both in vitro and in cells. In this review, we discuss concerns regarding previous quantitative live-cell experiments that have attempted to evaluate myosin regulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) turnover. In particular, we highlight an error-generating mechanism in quantitative live-cell imaging, namely convection-induced misdistribution of actin-binding probes. Direct observation of actin turnover at the single-molecule level using our improved electroporation-based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) microscopy technique overcomes these concerns. We introduce our recent single-molecule analysis that unambiguously demonstrates myosin-dependent regulation of F-actin stability in live cells. We also discuss the possible application of eSiMS microscopy in the analysis of actin remodeling in striated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Santella
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Issei Mabuchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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