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Sinha J, Singh Y, Verma PK. Cytoskeleton remodeling: a central player in plant-fungus interactions. J Exp Bot 2024:erae133. [PMID: 38600846 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a complex scaffold consisting of actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Though fungi and plants lack intermediate filaments, the dynamic structural network of actin filaments and microtubules regulates cell shape, division, polarity, and vesicular trafficking in both. However, the specialized functions of the cytoskeleton during plant-fungus interactions remain elusive. Recent reports demonstrate that the plant cytoskeleton responds to signal cues and pathogen invasion through remodeling, thereby coordinating immune receptor trafficking, membrane microdomain formation, aggregation of organelles, and transport of defense compounds. Emerging evidence also suggests that cytoskeleton remodeling further regulates host immunity by triggering salicylic acid signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and pathogenesis-related gene expression. Interestingly, during host invasion, fungi undergo systematic cytoskeleton remodeling, which is crucial for successful host penetration and colonization. Furthermore, phytohormones act as an essential regulator of plant cytoskeleton dynamics and are frequently targeted by fungal effectors to disrupt the host's growth-defense balance. In this review, we comprehensively discussed recent advances in the understanding of cytoskeleton dynamics during plant-fungus interaction and provided novel insights explaining the phytohormone relationship with cytoskeleton remodeling upon pathogen attack. We also highlight the importance of fungal cytoskeleton rearrangements during host colonization and provide directions for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Sinha
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Yeshveer Singh
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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2
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Nunes M, Madeira N, Fonseca R. Cdc42 activation is necessary for heterosynaptic cooperation and competition. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103921. [PMID: 38428552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses change their weights in response to neuronal activity and in turn, neuronal networks alter their response properties and ultimately allow the brain to store information as memories. As for memories, not all events are maintained over time. Maintenance of synaptic plasticity depends on the interplay between functional changes at synapses and the synthesis of plasticity-related proteins that are involved in stabilizing the initial functional changes. Different forms of synaptic plasticity coexist in time and across the neuronal dendritic area. Thus, homosynaptic plasticity refers to activity-dependent synaptic modifications that are input-specific, whereas heterosynaptic plasticity relates to changes in non-activated synapses. Heterosynaptic forms of plasticity, such as synaptic cooperation and competition allow neurons to integrate events that occur separated by relatively large time windows, up to one hour. Here, we show that activation of Cdc42, a Rho GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics, is necessary for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in a time-dependent manner. Inhibiting Cdc42 activation does not alter the time-course of LTP induction and its initial expression but blocks its late maintenance. We show that Cdc42 activation is involved in the phosphorylation of cofilin, a protein involved in modulating actin filaments and that weak and strong synaptic activation leads to similar levels on cofilin phosphorylation, despite different levels of LTP expression. We show that Cdc42 activation is required for synapses to interact by cooperation or competition, supporting the hypothesis that modulation of the actin cytoskeleton provides an activity-dependent and time-restricted permissive state of synapses allowing synaptic plasticity to occur. We found that under competition, the sequence in which synapses are activated determines the degree of LTP destabilization, demonstrating that competition is an active destabilization process. Taken together, we show that modulation of actin cytoskeleton by Cdc42 activation is necessary for the expression of homosynaptic and heterosynaptic forms of plasticity. Determining the temporal and spatial rules that determine whether synapses cooperate or compete will allow us to understand how memories are associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natália Madeira
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosalina Fonseca
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, NOVA Medical Research, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal.
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3
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Xue Y, Xue C, Song W. Emerging roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in actin cytoskeleton and tumor metastasis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00923-z. [PMID: 38324230 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Actin dynamics and actin-based cell migration and invasion are important factors in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is characterized by actin polymerization and depolymerization, which are precisely regulated by molecular changes involving a plethora of actin regulators, including actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and signalling pathways, that enable cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumour. Research on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has revealed their vital roles in actin dynamics and actin-based migration and invasion during cancer metastasis. CONCLUSION Here, we review how DUBs drive tumour metastasis by participating in actin rearrangement and actin-based migration and invasion. We summarize the well-characterized and essential actin cytoskeleton signalling molecules related to DUBs, including Rho GTPases, Src kinases, and ABPs such as cofilin and cortactin. Other DUBs that modulate actin-based migration signalling pathways are also discussed. Finally, we discuss and address therapeutic opportunities and ongoing challenges related to DUBs with respect to actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
| | - Cong Xue
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
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4
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Desale SE, Chidambaram H, Qureshi T, Chinnathambi S. Internalization and Endosomal Trafficking of Extracellular Tau in Microglia Improved by α-Linolenic Acid. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:245-255. [PMID: 38427241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Tau. Pathogenic Tau species are also known to display "prion-like propagation," which explains their presence in extracellular spaces as well. Glial population, especially microglia, tend to proclaim neuroinflammatory condition, disrupted signaling mechanisms, and cytoskeleton deregulation in AD. Omega-3 fatty acids play a neuroprotective role in the brain, which can trigger the anti-inflammatory pathways as well as actin dynamics in the cells. Improvement of cytoskeletal assembly mechanism by omega-3 fatty acids would regulate the other signaling cascades in the cells, leading to refining clearance of extracellular protein burden in AD. In this study, we focused on analyzing the ability of α-linolenic acid (ALA) as a regulator of actin dynamics to balance the signaling pathways in microglia, including endocytosis of extracellular Tau burden in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Eknath Desale
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tazeen Qureshi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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5
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Ambhore NS, Balraj P, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Sathish V. Estrogen receptors differentially modifies lamellipodial and focal adhesion dynamics in airway smooth muscle cell migration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112087. [PMID: 37827228 PMCID: PMC10842142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex-steroid signaling, especially estrogen, has a paradoxical impact on regulating airway remodeling. In our previous studies, we demonstrated differential effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) towards estrogen receptors (ERs: α and β) in regulating airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. However, the role of ERs and their signaling on ASM migration is still unexplored. In this study, we examined how ERα versus ERβ affects the mitogen (Platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF)-induced human ASM cell migration as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. We used Lionheart-FX automated microscopy and transwell assays to measure cell migration and found that activating specific ERs had differential effects on PDGF-induced ASM cell migration. Pharmacological activation of ERβ or shRNA mediated knockdown of ERα and specific activation of ERβ blunted PDGF-induced cell migration. Furthermore, specific ERβ activation showed inhibition of actin polymerization by reducing the F/G-actin ratio. Using Zeiss confocal microscopy coupled with three-dimensional algorithmic ZEN-image analysis showed an ERβ-mediated reduction in PDGF-induced expressions of neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and actin-related proteins-2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, thereby inhibiting actin-branching and lamellipodia. In addition, ERβ activation also reduces the clustering of actin-binding proteins (vinculin and paxillin) at the leading edge of ASM cells. However, cells treated with E2 or ERα agonists do not show significant changes in actin/lamellipodial dynamics. Overall, these findings unveil the significance of ERβ activation in regulating lamellipodial and focal adhesion dynamics to regulate ASM cell migration and could be a novel target to blunt airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Premanand Balraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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6
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Li H, Li J, Wang P, Yuan F, Zhang S. Improvement of actin dynamics and cognitive impairment in diabetes through troxerutin-mediated downregulation of TRPM7/CaN/cofilin. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102381. [PMID: 37837806 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment is a central nervous complication of diabetes mellitus. Its specific pathogenesis is unknown, and no effective treatment strategy is currently available. An imbalance in actin dynamics is an important mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. Transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7) mediates actin dynamics imbalance through calcineurin (CaN) and cofilin cascades involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that TRPM7 expression is increased in diabetic cognitive impairment, and troxerutin has been shown to ameliorate diabetic cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between troxerutin and TRPM7 remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that troxerutin may improve diabetic cognitive impairment by enhancing actin dynamics through downregulation of the TRPM7/CaN/cofilin pathway. To test this hypothesis, we divided db/m and db/db mice into the following groups: normal control group (NC), normal + troxerutin group (NT), diabetic group (DM), diabetic + troxerutin group (DT) and diabetic + troxerutin + bradykinin group (DTB). The results showed that diabetic mice exhibited cognitive impairment at 17 weeks of age, TRPM7, CaN, cofilin and G-actin were highly expressed in the CA1 region of hippocampus, while p-cofilin and F-actin expression decreased. Furthermore, hippocampal neuronal cellsshowed varying degrees of damage. The length of synaptic active zone, the width of synaptic cleft, and the number of synapses per high-power field were decreased. Troxerutin intervention alleviated these manifestations in the DT group; however, the effect of troxerutin was weakened in the DTB group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that diabetes leads to cognitive impairment, activation of the TRPM7/CaN/cofilin pathway, actin dynamics imbalance, and destruction of hippocampal neuronal cells and synapses. Troxerutin can downregulate TRPM7/CaN/cofilin, improve actin dynamics imbalance, and ameliorate cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. This study provides a new avenue for exploring and treating cognitive impairment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shijiazhuang people's hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Songyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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7
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Coló GP, Seiwert A, Haga RB. Lfc subcellular localization and activity is controlled by αv-class integrin. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:307374. [PMID: 37129180 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN)-binding integrins control a variety of cellular responses through Rho GTPases. The FN-binding integrins, αvβ3 and α5β1, are known to induce different effects on cell morphology and motility. Here, we report that FN-bound αvβ3 integrin, but not FN-bound α5β1 integrin, triggers the dissociation of the RhoA GEF Lfc (also known as GEF-H1 and ARHGEF2 in humans) from microtubules (MTs), leading to the activation of RhoA, formation of stress fibres and maturation of focal adhesions (FAs). Conversely, loss of Lfc expression decreases RhoA activity, stress fibre formation and FA size, suggesting that Lfc is the major GEF downstream of FN-bound αvβ3 that controls RhoA activity. Mechanistically, FN-engaged αvβ3 integrin activates a kinase cascade involving MARK2 and MARK3, which in turn leads to phosphorylation of several phospho-sites on Lfc. In particular, S151 was identified as the main site involved in the regulation of Lfc localization and activity. Our findings indicate that activation of Lfc and RhoA is orchestrated in FN-adherent cells in an integrin-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Coló
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Seiwert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Raquel B Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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8
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Welz T, Kerkhoff E. The role of SPIRE actin nucleators in cellular transport processes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:304890. [PMID: 36994763 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking back at two decades of research on SPIRE actin nucleator proteins, the first decade was clearly dominated by the discovery of SPIRE proteins as founding members of the novel WH2-domain-based actin nucleators, which initiate actin filament assembly through multiple WH2 actin-binding domains. Through complex formation with formins and class 5 myosins, SPIRE proteins coordinate actin filament assembly and myosin motor-dependent force generation. The discovery of SPIRE-regulated cytoplasmic actin filament meshworks in oocytes initiated the next phase of SPIRE research, which has found that SPIRE proteins are integrated in a diverse range of cell biological processes. In addition to regulating vesicle-based actin filament meshworks, SPIRE proteins function in the organisation of actin structures driving the inward movement of pronuclei of the mouse zygote. Localisation at cortical ring structures and the results of knockdown experiments indicate that SPIRE proteins function in the formation of meiotic cleavage sites in mammalian oocytes and the externalisation of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. Alternative splicing targets mammalian SPIRE1 towards mitochondria, where it has a role in fission. In this Review, we summarise the past two decades of SPIRE research by addressing the biochemical and cell biological functions of SPIRE proteins in mammalian reproduction, skin pigmentation and wound healing, as well as in mitochondrial dynamics and host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Ray S, Agarwal P, Nitzan A, Nédélec F, Zaidel-Bar R. Actin-capping protein regulates actomyosin contractility to maintain germline architecture in C. elegans. Development 2023; 150:297031. [PMID: 36897576 PMCID: PMC10112912 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Actin dynamics play an important role in tissue morphogenesis, yet the control of actin filament growth takes place at the molecular level. A challenge in the field is to link the molecular function of actin regulators with their physiological function. Here, we report an in vivo role of the actin-capping protein CAP-1 in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We show that CAP-1 is associated with actomyosin structures in the cortex and rachis, and its depletion or overexpression led to severe structural defects in the syncytial germline and oocytes. A 60% reduction in the level of CAP-1 caused a twofold increase in F-actin and non-muscle myosin II activity, and laser incision experiments revealed an increase in rachis contractility. Cytosim simulations pointed to increased myosin as the main driver of increased contractility following loss of actin-capping protein. Double depletion of CAP-1 and myosin or Rho kinase demonstrated that the rachis architecture defects associated with CAP-1 depletion require contractility of the rachis actomyosin corset. Thus, we uncovered a physiological role for actin-capping protein in regulating actomyosin contractility to maintain reproductive tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
- Graduate Program, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Priti Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Nitzan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - François Nédélec
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Lu Q, Liu X, Qu X, Huang S. Visualization and Quantification of the Dynamics of Actin Filaments in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:285-295. [PMID: 36773243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth, and its functions are dictated by its spatial organization and dynamics. Here we describe an assay to monitor the dynamics of actin filaments decorated with Lifeact-mEGFP in Arabidopsis pollen tubes using spinning disk confocal microscopy and measuring the parameters associated with their dynamics. The method allows us to assess the dynamics of actin filaments in growing Arabidopsis pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Lu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Schneider F, Metz I, Rust MB. Regulation of actin filament assembly and disassembly in growth cone motility and axon guidance. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:21-35. [PMID: 36336143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Directed outgrowth of axons is fundamental for the establishment of neuronal networks. Axon outgrowth is guided by growth cones, highly motile structures enriched in filamentous actin (F-actin) located at the axons' distal tips. Growth cones exploit F-actin-based protrusions to scan the environment for guidance cues, and they contain the sensory apparatus to translate guidance cue information into intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades act upstream of actin-binding proteins (ABP) and thereby control assembly and disassembly of F-actin. Spatiotemporally controlled F-actin dis-/assembly in growth cones steers the axon towards attractants and away from repellents, and it thereby navigates the axon through the developing nervous system. Hence, ABP that control F-actin dynamics emerged as critical regulators of neuronal network formation. In the present review article, we will summarize and discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that control remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in growth cones, focusing on recent progress in the field. Further, we will introduce tools and techniques that allow to study actin regulatory mechanism in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Metz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Heinze A, Schuldt C, Khudayberdiev S, van Bommel B, Hacker D, Schulz TG, Stringhi R, Marcello E, Mikhaylova M, Rust MB. Functional interdependence of the actin regulators CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of dendritic spine morphology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:558. [PMID: 36264429 PMCID: PMC9585016 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of excitatory synapses are formed on small dendritic protrusions termed dendritic spines. Dendritic spines vary in size and density that are crucial determinants of excitatory synaptic transmission. Aberrations in spine morphogenesis can compromise brain function and have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Actin filaments (F-actin) are the major structural component of dendritic spines, and therefore, actin-binding proteins (ABP) that control F-actin dis-/assembly moved into the focus as critical regulators of brain function. Studies of the past decade identified the ABP cofilin1 as a key regulator of spine morphology, synaptic transmission, and behavior, and they emphasized the necessity for a tight control of cofilin1 to ensure proper brain function. Here, we report spine enrichment of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a conserved multidomain protein with largely unknown physiological functions. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging of CAP1-deficient hippocampal neurons revealed impaired synaptic F-actin organization and dynamics associated with alterations in spine morphology. Mechanistically, we found that CAP1 cooperates with cofilin1 in spines and that its helical folded domain is relevant for this interaction. Moreover, our data proved functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of spine morphology. In summary, we identified CAP1 as a novel regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is essential for synaptic cofilin1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Heinze
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cara Schuldt
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bas van Bommel
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Hacker
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toni G Schulz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Stringhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Institute for Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Kasioulis I, Dady A, James J, Prescott A, Halley PA, Storey KG. A lateral protrusion latticework connects neuroepithelial cells and is regulated during neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274540. [PMID: 35217862 PMCID: PMC8995095 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contacts between cells within the developing neuroepithelium are poorly understood but play important roles in cell and tissue morphology and cell signalling. Here, using live-cell imaging and electron microscopy we reveal multiple protrusive structures in neuroepithelial apical endfeet of the chick embryonic spinal cord, including sub-apical protrusions that extend laterally within the tissue, and observe similar structures in human neuroepithelium. We characterise the dynamics, shape and cytoskeleton of these lateral protrusions and distinguish them from cytonemes, filopodia and tunnelling nanotubes. We demonstrate that lateral protrusions form a latticework of membrane contacts between non-adjacent cells, depend on actin but not microtubule dynamics, and provide a lamellipodial-like platform for further extending fine actin-dependent filipodia. We find that lateral protrusions depend on the actin-binding protein WAVE1 (also known as WASF1): misexpression of mutant WAVE1 attenuated protrusion and generated a round-ended apical endfoot morphology. However, this did not alter apico-basal cell polarity or tissue integrity. During normal neuronal delamination, lateral protrusions were withdrawn, but precocious protrusion loss induced by mutant WAVE1 was insufficient to trigger neurogenesis. This study uncovers a new form of cell-cell contact within the developing neuroepithelium, regulation of which prefigures neuronal delamination. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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14
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Rust MB, Marcello E. Disease association of cyclase-associated protein (CAP): Lessons from gene-targeted mice and human genetic studies. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151207. [PMID: 35150966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is an actin binding protein that has been initially described as partner of the adenylyl cyclase in yeast. In all vertebrates and some invertebrate species, two orthologs, named CAP1 and CAP2, have been described. CAP1 and CAP2 are characterized by a similar multidomain structure, but different expression patterns. Several molecular studies clarified the biological function of the different CAP domains, and they shed light onto the mechanisms underlying CAP-dependent regulation of actin treadmilling. However, CAPs are crucial elements not only for the regulation of actin dynamics, but also for signal transduction pathways. During recent years, human genetic studies and the analysis of gene-targeted mice provided important novel insights into the physiological roles of CAPs and their involvement in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in our understanding of CAPs' physiological functions, focusing on heart, skeletal muscle and central nervous system as well as their involvement in the mechanisms controlling metabolism. Remarkably, loss of CAPs or impairment of CAPs-dependent pathways can contribute to the pathogenesis of different diseases. Overall, these studies unraveled CAPs complexity highlighting their capability to orchestrate structural and signaling pathways in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
The non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) family of adaptors, consisting of Nck1 and Nck2, contributes to selectivity and specificity in the flow of cellular information by recruiting components of signaling networks. Known to play key roles in cytoskeletal remodeling, Nck adaptors modulate host cell-pathogen interactions, immune cell receptor activation, cell adhesion and motility, and intercellular junctions in kidney podocytes. Genetic inactivation of both members of the Nck family results in embryonic lethality; however, viability of mice lacking either one of these adaptors suggests partial functional redundancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we highlight the molecular organization and functions of the Nck family, focusing on key interactions and pathways, regulation of cellular processes, development, homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as emerging and non-redundant functions of Nck1 compared to those of Nck2. This article thus aims to provide a timely perspective on the biology of Nck adaptors and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
| | - Gonzalo M. Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
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16
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Devi SS, Yadav R, Mashangva F, Chaudhary P, Sharma S, Arya R. Generation and Characterization of a Skeletal Muscle Cell-Based Model Carrying One Single Gne Allele: Implications in Actin Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6316-6334. [PMID: 34510381 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-Acetyl glucosamine-2 epimerase/N-acetyl mannosamine kinase (GNE) catalyzes key enzymatic reactions in the biosynthesis of sialic acid. Mutation in GNE gene causes GNE myopathy (GNEM) characterized by adult-onset muscle weakness and degeneration. However, recent studies propose alternate roles of GNE in other cellular processes beside sialic acid biosynthesis, particularly interaction of GNE with α-actinin 1 and 2. Lack of appropriate model system limits drug and treatment options for GNEM as GNE knockout was found to be embryonically lethal. In the present study, we have generated L6 rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell-based model system carrying one single Gne allele where GNE gene is knocked out at exon-3 using AAV mediated SEPT homology recombination (SKM-GNEHz). The cell line was heterozygous for GNE gene with one wild type and one truncated allele as confirmed by sequencing. The phenotype showed reduced GNE epimerase activity with little reduction in sialic acid content. In addition, the heterozygous GNE knockout cells revealed altered cytoskeletal organization with disrupted actin filament. Further, we observed increased levels of RhoA leading to reduced cofilin activity and causing reduced F-actin polymerization. The disturbed signaling cascade resulted in reduced migration of SKM-GNEHz cells. Our study indicates possible role of GNE in regulating actin dynamics and cell migration of skeletal muscle cell. The skeletal muscle cell-based system offers great potential in understanding pathomechanism and target identification for GNEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Priyanka Chaudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India. .,Special Centre for Systems Medicine (Concurrent Faculty), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Kaushik V, Brünnert D, Hanschmann EM, Sharma PK, Anand BG, Kar K, Kateriya S, Goyal P. The intrinsic amyloidogenic propensity of cofilin-1 is aggravated by Cys-80 oxidation: A possible link with neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:187-92. [PMID: 34256187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin-1, an actin dynamizing protein, forms actin-cofilin rods, which is one of the major events that exacerbates the pathophysiology of amyloidogenic diseases. Cysteine oxidation in cofilin-1 under oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the formation of these rods. Others and we have reported that cofilin-1 possesses a self-oligomerization property in vitro and in vivo under physiological conditions. However, it remains elusive if cofilin-1 itself forms amyloid-like structures. We, therefore, hypothesized that cofilin-1 might form amyloid-like assemblies, with a potential to intensify the pathophysiology of amyloid-linked diseases. We used various in silico and in vitro techniques and examined the amyloid-forming propensity of cofilin-1. The study confirms that cofilin-1 possesses an intrinsic tendency of aggregation and forms amyloid-like structures in vitro. Further, we studied the effect of cysteine oxidation on the stability and structural features of cofilin-1. Our data show that oxidation at Cys-80 renders cofilin-1 unstable, leading to a partial loss of protein structure. The results substantiate our hypothesis and establish a strong possibility that cofilin-1 aggregation might play a role in cofilin-mediated pathology and the progression of several amyloid-linked diseases.
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18
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Abstract
The Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is the founding member of Rho GTPase superfamily originally studied in cancer cells where it was found to stimulate cell cycle progression and migration. RhoA acts as a master switch control of actin dynamics essential for maintaining cytoarchitecture of a cell. In the last two decades, however, RhoA has been coined and increasingly investigated as an essential molecule involved in signal transduction and regulation of gene transcription thereby affecting physiological functions such as cell division, survival, proliferation and migration. RhoA has been shown to play an important role in cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathies; underlying mechanisms are however still poorly understood since the results derived from in vitro and in vivo experiments are still inconclusive. Interestingly its role in the development of cardiomyopathies or heart failure remains largely unclear due to anomalies in the current data available that indicate both cardioprotective and deleterious effects. In this review, we aimed to outline the molecular mechanisms of RhoA activation, to give an overview of its regulators, and the probable mechanisms of signal transduction leading to RhoA activation and induction of downstream effector pathways and corresponding cellular responses in cardiac (patho)physiology. Furthermore, we discuss the existing studies assessing the presented results and shedding light on the often-ambiguous data. Overall, we provide an update of the molecular, physiological and pathological functions of RhoA in the heart and its potential in cardiac therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sophie Kilian
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob Voran
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Schneider F, Duong TA, Metz I, Winkelmeier J, Hübner CA, Endesfelder U, Rust MB. Mutual functional dependence of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and cofilin1 in neuronal actin dynamics and growth cone function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102050. [PMID: 33845164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuron connectivity depends on growth cones that navigate axons through the developing brain. Growth cones protrude and retract actin-rich structures to sense guidance cues. These cues control local actin dynamics and steer growth cones towards attractants and away from repellents, thereby directing axon outgrowth. Hence, actin binding proteins (ABPs) moved into the focus as critical regulators of neuron connectivity. We found cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), an ABP with unknown brain function, abundant in growth cones. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging combined with pharmacological approaches on hippocampal neurons from gene-targeted mice revealed a crucial role for CAP1 in actin dynamics that is critical for growth cone morphology and function. Growth cone defects in CAP1 knockout (KO) neurons compromised neuron differentiation and was associated with impaired neuron connectivity in CAP1-KO brains. Mechanistically, by rescue experiments in double KO neurons lacking CAP1 and the key actin regulator cofilin1, we demonstrated that CAP1 was essential for cofilin1 function in growth cone actin dynamics and morphology and vice versa. Together, we identified CAP1 as a novel actin regulator in growth cones that was relevant for neuron connectivity, and we demonstrated functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in neuronal actin dynamics and growth cone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schneider
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thuy-An Duong
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Metz
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Winkelmeier
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043, Marburg, Germany; Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Endesfelder
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), 35043, Marburg, Germany; Department of Physics, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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20
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Du M, Wang Y, Chen H, Han R. Actin filaments mediated root growth inhibition by changing their distribution under UV-B and hydrogen peroxide exposure in Arabidopsis. Biol Res 2020; 53:54. [PMID: 33228803 PMCID: PMC7685599 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV-B signaling in plants is mediated by UVR8, which interacts with transcriptional factors to induce root morphogenesis. However, research on the downstream molecules of UVR8 signaling in roots is still scarce. As a wide range of functional cytoskeletons, how actin filaments respond to UV-B-induced root morphogenesis has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of actin filaments on root morphogenesis under UV-B and hydrogen peroxide exposure in Arabidopsis. RESULTS A Lifeact-Venus fusion protein was used to stain actin filaments in Arabidopsis. The results showed that UV-B inhibited hypocotyl and root elongation and caused an increase in H2O2 content only in the root but not in the hypocotyl. Additionally, the actin filaments in hypocotyls diffused under UV-B exposure but were gathered in a bundle under the control conditions in either Lifeact-Venus or uvr8 plants. Exogenous H2O2 inhibited root elongation in a dose-dependent manner. The actin filaments changed their distribution from filamentous to punctate in the root tips and mature regions at a lower concentration of H2O2 but aggregated into thick bundles with an abnormal orientation at H2O2 concentrations up to 2 mM. In the root elongation zone, the actin filament arrangement changed from lateral to longitudinal after exposure to H2O2. Actin filaments in the root tip and elongation zone were depolymerized into puncta under UV-B exposure, which showed the same tendency as the low-concentration treatments. The actin filaments were hardly filamentous in the maturation zone. The dynamics of actin filaments in the uvr8 group under UV-B exposure were close to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that UV-B inhibited Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation by reorganizing actin filaments from bundles to a loose arrangement, which was not related to H2O2. UV-B disrupted the dynamics of actin filaments by changing the H2O2 level in Arabidopsis roots. All these results provide an experimental basis for investigating the interaction of UV-B signaling with the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Du
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University in Shanxi Province, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University in Shanxi Province, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rong Han
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response, Shanxi Normal University in Shanxi Province, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China.
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21
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Wagh K, Wheatley BA, Traver MK, Hussain I, Schaefer BC, Upadhyaya A. Bcl10 is associated with actin dynamics at the T cell immune synapse. Cell Immunol 2020; 356:104161. [PMID: 32768663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses to antigen are initiated by engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR)1, leading to activation of diverse signaling cascades, including an incompletely defined pathway that triggers rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Defects in the control of actin dynamics and organization are associated with several human immunodeficiency diseases, emphasizing the importance of cytoskeletal remodeling in the functioning of the adaptive immune system. Here, we investigate the role of the adaptor protein Bcl102 in the control of actin dynamics. Although Bcl10 is primarily known as a component of the pathway connecting the TCR to activation of the NF-κB3 transcription factor, a few studies have implicated Bcl10 in antigen receptor-dependent control of actin polymerization and F-actin-dependent functional responses. However, the role of Bcl10 in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics remains largely undefined. To investigate the contribution of Bcl10 in the regulation of TCR-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics, we monitored actin dynamics at the immune synapse of primary murine CD8 effector T cells. Quantification of these dynamics reveals two distinct temporal phases distinguished by differences in speed and directionality. Our results indicate that effector CD8 T cells lacking Bcl10 display faster actin flows and more dynamic lamellipodia, compared to wild-type cells. These studies define a role for Bcl10 in TCR-dependent actin dynamics, emphasizing that Bcl10 has important cytoskeleton-directed functions that are likely independent of its role in transmission of NF-κB -activating signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Wagh
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brittany A Wheatley
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Maria K Traver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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22
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Gao Y, Liu G, Kong P, Song Y, Zhang D, Yin Y, Han M. Smooth muscle 22α deficiency impairs oxytocin-induced uterine contractility in mice at full-term pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:884-889. [PMID: 32819594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α, namely Transgelin), as an actin-binding protein, regulates the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by modulation of the stress fiber formation. However, little is known about the roles of SM22α in the regulation of uterine contraction during parturition. Here, we showed that contraction in response to oxytocin (OT) was significantly decreased in the uterine muscle strips from SM22α knockout (Sm22α-KO) mice, especially at full-term pregnancy, which may be resulted from impaired formation of stress fibers. Furthermore, serious mitochondrial damage such as the mitochondrial swelling, cristae disruption and even disappearance were observed in the myometrium of Sm22α-KO mice at full-term pregnancy, eventually resulting in the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and impairment in ATP synthesis. Our data indicate that SM22α is necessary to maintain uterine contractility at delivery in mice, and acts as a novel target for preventive or therapeutic manipulation of uterine atony during parturition.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/deficiency
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/deficiency
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Swelling/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/deficiency
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myometrium/drug effects
- Myometrium/metabolism
- Myometrium/pathology
- Oxytocin/pharmacology
- Parturition
- Pregnancy
- Primary Cell Culture
- Stress Fibers/drug effects
- Stress Fibers/metabolism
- Stress Fibers/pathology
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Uterine Contraction/drug effects
- Uterine Inertia/genetics
- Uterine Inertia/metabolism
- Uterine Inertia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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23
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Maskalenko N, Nath S, Ramakrishnan A, Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y, Poenie M. The DISC1-Girdin complex - a missing link in signaling to the T cell cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242875. [PMID: 32482796 PMCID: PMC7358132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using Jurkat cells, we show that DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and Girdin (girders of actin filament) are essential for typical actin accumulation at the immunological synapse. Furthermore, DISC1, Girdin and dynein are bound in a complex. Although this complex initially forms as a central patch at the synapse, it relocates to a peripheral ring corresponding to the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC). In the absence of DISC1, the classic actin ring does not form, cell spreading is blocked, and the dynein complex fails to relocate to the pSMAC. A similar effect is seen when Girdin is deleted. When cells are treated with inhibitors of actin polymerization, the dynein-NDE1 complex is lost from the synapse and the microtubule-organizing center fails to translocate, suggesting that actin and dynein might be linked. Upon stimulation of T cell receptors, DISC1 becomes associated with talin, which likely explains why the dynein complex colocalizes with the pSMAC. These results show that the DISC1-Girdin complex regulates actin accumulation, cell spreading and distribution of the dynein complex at the synapse.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maskalenko
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Adarsh Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Martin Poenie
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Mishra P, Cohen RI, Zhao N, Moghe PV. Fluorescence-based actin turnover dynamics of stem cells as a profiling method for stem cell functional evolution, heterogeneity and phenotypic lineage parsing. Methods 2020; 190:44-54. [PMID: 32473293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are widely explored in regenerative medicine as a source to produce diverse cell types. Despite the wide usage of stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), there is a lack of robust methods to rapidly discern the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of stem cells. The organization of actin cytoskeleton has been previously used to discern divergent stem cell differentiation pathways. In this paper, we highlight the versatility of a cell profiling method for actin turnover dynamics. Actin filaments in live stem cells are labeled using SiR-actin, a cell permeable fluorogenic probe, to determine the endogenous actin turnover. Live MSC imaging after days of induction successfully demonstrated lineage specific change in actin turnover. Next, we highlighted the differences in the cellular heterogeneity of actin dynamics during adipogenic or osteogenic MSC differentiation. Next, we applied the method to differentiating iPSCs in culture, and detected a progressive slowdown in actin turnover during differentiation upon stimulation with neural or cardiac media. Finally, as a proof of concept, the actin dynamic profiling was used to isolate MSCs via flow cytometry prior to sorting into three distinct sub-populations with low, intermediate or high actin dynamics. A greater fraction of MSCs with more rapid actin dynamics demonstrated increased inclination for adipogenesis, whereas, slower actin dynamics correlated with increased osteogenesis. Together, these results show that actin turnover can serve as a versatile biomarker to not only track cellular phenotypic heterogeneity but also harvest live cells with potential for differential phenotypic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Mishra
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ricky I Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Sudarsanam S, Yaniv S, Meltzer H, Schuldiner O. Cofilin regulates axon growth and branching of Drosophila γ-neurons. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs232595. [PMID: 32152181 PMCID: PMC7197873 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that control intrinsic axon growth potential, and thus axon regeneration following injury, are not well understood. Developmental axon regrowth of Drosophila mushroom body γ-neurons during neuronal remodeling offers a unique opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms controlling intrinsic growth potential. Motivated by the recently uncovered developmental expression atlas of γ-neurons, we here focus on the role of the actin-severing protein cofilin during axon regrowth. We show that Twinstar (Tsr), the fly cofilin, is a crucial regulator of both axon growth and branching during developmental remodeling of γ-neurons. tsr mutant axons demonstrate growth defects both in vivo and in vitro, and also exhibit actin-rich filopodial-like structures at failed branch points in vivo Our data is inconsistent with Tsr being important for increasing G-actin availability. Furthermore, analysis of microtubule localization suggests that Tsr is required for microtubule infiltration into the axon tips and branch points. Taken together, we show that Tsr promotes axon growth and branching, likely by clearing F-actin to facilitate protrusion of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Sudarsanam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shiri Yaniv
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Abstract
This chapter describes signaling pathways, stimulated by the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R), that regulate cellular processes dependent on actin cytoskeleton dynamics in glioma C6 cells. P2Y2R coupled with G-proteins, in response to ATP or UTP, regulates the level of iphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) which modulates a variety of actin binding proteins and is involved in calcium response and activates Rac1 and RhoA proteins. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in contractile force generation needed for the assembly of stress fibers, focal adhesions and for tail retraction during cell migration. Blocking of this pathway by a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor induces changes in F-actin organization and cell shape and decreases the level of phosphorylated myosin II and cofilin. In glioma C6 cells these changes are reversed after UTP stimulation of P2Y2R. Signaling pathways responsible for this compensation are calcium signaling which regulates MLC kinase activation via calmodulin, and the Rac1/PAK/LIMK cascade. Stimulation of the Rac1 mediated pathway via Go proteins needs additional interaction between αvβ5 integrins and P2Y2Rs. Calcium free medium, or growing of the cells in suspension, prevents Gαo activation by P2Y2 receptors. Rac1 activation is necessary for cofilin phosphorylation as well as integrin activation needed for focal complexes formation and stabilization of lamellipodium. Inhibition of positive Rac1 regulation prevents glioma C6 cells from recovery of control cell like morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Kłopocka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Korczyński
- M. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- M. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Filomena MC, Yamamoto DL, Caremani M, Kadarla VK, Mastrototaro G, Serio S, Vydyanath A, Mutarelli M, Garofalo A, Pertici I, Knöll R, Nigro V, Luther PK, Lieber RL, Beck MR, Linari M, Bang M. Myopalladin promotes muscle growth through modulation of the serum response factor pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:169-194. [PMID: 31647200 PMCID: PMC7015241 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopalladin (MYPN) is a striated muscle-specific, immunoglobulin-containing protein located in the Z-line and I-band of the sarcomere as well as the nucleus. Heterozygous MYPN gene mutations are associated with hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, and homozygous loss-of-function truncating mutations have recently been identified in patients with cap myopathy, nemaline myopathy, and congenital myopathy with hanging big toe. METHODS Constitutive MYPN knockout (MKO) mice were generated, and the role of MYPN in skeletal muscle was studied through molecular, cellular, biochemical, structural, biomechanical, and physiological studies in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS MKO mice were 13% smaller compared with wild-type controls and exhibited a 48% reduction in myofibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and significantly increased fibre number. Similarly, reduced myotube width was observed in MKO primary myoblast cultures. Biomechanical studies showed reduced isometric force and power output in MKO mice as a result of the reduced CSA, whereas the force developed by each myosin molecular motor was unaffected. While the performance by treadmill running was similar in MKO and wild-type mice, MKO mice showed progressively decreased exercise capability, Z-line damage, and signs of muscle regeneration following consecutive days of downhill running. Additionally, MKO muscle exhibited progressive Z-line widening starting from 8 months of age. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed down-regulation of serum response factor (SRF)-target genes in muscles from postnatal MKO mice, important for muscle growth and differentiation. The SRF pathway is regulated by actin dynamics as binding of globular actin to the SRF-cofactor myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) prevents its translocation to the nucleus where it binds and activates SRF. MYPN was found to bind and bundle filamentous actin as well as interact with MRTF-A. In particular, while MYPN reduced actin polymerization, it strongly inhibited actin depolymerization and consequently increased MRTF-A-mediated activation of SRF signalling in myogenic cells. Reduced myotube width in MKO primary myoblast cultures was rescued by transduction with constitutive active SRF, demonstrating that MYPN promotes skeletal muscle growth through activation of the SRF pathway. CONCLUSIONS Myopalladin plays a critical role in the control of skeletal muscle growth through its effect on actin dynamics and consequently the SRF pathway. In addition, MYPN is important for the maintenance of Z-line integrity during exercise and aging. These results suggest that muscle weakness in patients with biallelic MYPN mutations may be associated with reduced myofibre CSA and SRF signalling and that the disease phenotype may be aggravated by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Filomena
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan UnitNational Research CouncilMilanItaly
- Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzanoMilanItaly
| | - Daniel L. Yamamoto
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan UnitNational Research CouncilMilanItaly
| | - Marco Caremani
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | | | | | - Simone Serio
- Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzanoMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Arcamaria Garofalo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Irene Pertici
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Myocardial GeneticsKarolinska Institutet, University Hospital, Heart and Vascular ThemeSweden
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases (CVRM), Biopharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaMölndalSweden
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | | | - Richard L. Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Hines V.A. Medical Center ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Moriah R. Beck
- Department of ChemistryWichita State UniversityWichitaKSUSA
| | - Marco Linari
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Marie‐Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan UnitNational Research CouncilMilanItaly
- Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzanoMilanItaly
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Kim K, Shin EK, Chung JH, Lim KM. Arsenic induces platelet shape change through altering focal adhesion kinase-mediated actin dynamics, contributing to increased platelet reactivity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 391:114912. [PMID: 32014540 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, an environmental contaminant in drinking water worldwide is well-established to increase cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in humans. Of these, thrombotic events represent a major adverse effect associated with arsenic exposure, for which an abundance of epidemiological evidence exists. Platelet aggregation constitutes a pivotal step in thrombosis but arsenic alone doesn't induce aggregation and the mechanism underlying arsenic-induced thrombosis still remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that arsenic induces morphological changes of platelets, i.e., contraction and pseudopod projection, the primal events of platelet activation, which can increase platelet reactivity. Arsenite induced prominent platelet shape changes in a dose-dependent manner in freshly isolated human platelets. Of note, arsenite suppressed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, which in turn activated RhoA, leading to altered actin assembly through LIMK activation, and subsequent cofilin inactivation. Arsenic-induced platelet shape change appeared to increase the sensitivity to thrombin and ADP-induced aggregation. Supporting this, latrunculin A, an inhibitor of actin-dynamics abolished it. Taken together, we demonstrated that arsenic induces cytoskeletal changes and shape changes of platelets through FAK-mediated alteration of actin dynamics, which renders platelets reactive to activating stimuli, ultimately contributing to increased thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Chang CH, Yano KI, Sato T. Nanosecond pulsed current under plasma-producing conditions induces morphological alterations and stress fiber formation in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 681:108252. [PMID: 31911153 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising means for various biomedical applications, including cancer therapy. Although the biological action of CAP is considered to be brought about by synergistic effects of reactive species and electrical factors of CAP, limited information is currently available on the contribution of electrical factors to CAP-induced cell responses. We have previously demonstrated that nanosecond pulsed current (nsPC) under CAP-producing conditions significantly promoted the motility of human HT-1080 cells. In this study, we explored the effects of nsPC on cell morphology associated with cell motility. We observed that nsPC stimulation caused extended cell shape, membrane protrusion formation, and increased cell surface area, but not cell death induction. nsPC stimulation also caused elevated intracellular ROS and Ca2+. HT-1080 cells can undergo two modes of cell motility, namely mesenchymal and ameboid motility, and we found that morphological features of mesenchymal motility was partly shared with nsPC-stimulated cells. Furthermore, nsPC-stimulated cells had extended stress fibers composed of filamentous actin. Taken together, this study provides a novel insight into the electrical aspect of CAP action, and we speculate that nsPC activates a certain mechanism involving intracellular signaling for stress fiber formation, leading to altered cell morphology and increased cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsing Chang
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yano
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sato
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan.
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Boucher E, Goldin-Blais L, Basiren Q, Mandato CA. Actin dynamics and myosin contractility during plasma membrane repair and restoration: Does one ring really heal them all? Curr Top Membr 2019; 84:17-41. [PMID: 31610862 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to survive daily insults, cells have evolved various mechanisms that detect, stabilize and repair damages done to their plasma membrane and cytoskeletal structures. Damage to the PM endangers wounded cells by exposing them to uncontrolled exchanges with the extracellular milieu. The processes and molecular machinery enabling PM repair are therefore at the center of the bulk of the investigations into single-cell repair program. Wounds are repaired by dynamically remodeling the composition and shape of the injured area through exocytosis-mediated release of intracellular membrane components to the wounded area, endocytosis-mediated removal of the injured area, or the shedding of the injury. The wound healing program of Xenopus oocytes and early Drosophila embryos is by contrast, mostly characterized by the rapid formation of a large membrane patch over the wound that eventually fuse with the plasma membrane which restores plasma membrane continuity and lead to the shedding of patch material into the extracellular space. Formation and contraction of actomyosin ring restores normal plasma membrane composition and organizes cytoskeletal repairs. The extend of the contributions of the cytoskeleton to the wound healing program of somatic cells have comparatively received little attention. This review offers a survey of the current knowledge on how actin dynamics, myosin-based contraction and other cytoskeletal structures affects PM and cortical cytoskeleton repair of somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Goldin-Blais
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Quentin Basiren
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Yamashiro S, Watanabe N. Quantitative high-precision imaging of myosin-dependent filamentous actin dynamics. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:163-173. [PMID: 31313218 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over recent decades, considerable effort has been made to understand how mechanical stress applied to the actin network alters actin assembly and disassembly dynamics. However, there are conflicting reports concerning the issue both in vitro and in cells. In this review, we discuss concerns regarding previous quantitative live-cell experiments that have attempted to evaluate myosin regulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) turnover. In particular, we highlight an error-generating mechanism in quantitative live-cell imaging, namely convection-induced misdistribution of actin-binding probes. Direct observation of actin turnover at the single-molecule level using our improved electroporation-based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) microscopy technique overcomes these concerns. We introduce our recent single-molecule analysis that unambiguously demonstrates myosin-dependent regulation of F-actin stability in live cells. We also discuss the possible application of eSiMS microscopy in the analysis of actin remodeling in striated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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DeKraker C, Goldin-Blais L, Boucher E, Mandato CA. Dynamics of actin polymerisation during the mammalian single-cell wound healing response. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:420. [PMID: 31311589 PMCID: PMC6636100 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The contribution of actomyosin contractile rings in the wound healing program of somatic cells as never been directly assessed. This contrast with the events characterising the wound healing response of in wounded Xenopus oocytes, in which formation and contraction of an actomyosin ring provides a platform for cytoskeletal repair and drives the restoration of proper plasma membrane composition at the site of injury. As such, we aimed to characterize, using high-resolution live-cell confocal microscopy, the cytoskeletal repair dynamics of HeLa cells. RESULTS We confirm here that the F-actin enrichment that characterizes the late repair program of laser-wounded cells is mostly uniform and is not associated with co-enrichment of myosin-II or the formation of concentric zones of RhoA and Cdc42 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina DeKraker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Bldg, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Laurence Goldin-Blais
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Bldg, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Bldg, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Bldg, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Laggoun F, Dardelle F, Dehors J, Falconet D, Driouich A, Rochais C, Dallemagne P, Lehner A, Mollet JC. A chemical screen identifies two novel small compounds that alter Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tube growth. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31010418 PMCID: PMC6475968 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sexual reproduction, pollen grains land on the stigma, rehydrate and produce pollen tubes that grow through the female transmitting-tract tissue allowing the delivery of the two sperm cells to the ovule and the production of healthy seeds. Because pollen tubes are single cells that expand by tip-polarized growth, they represent a good model to study the growth dynamics, cell wall deposition and intracellular machineries. Aiming to understand this complex machinery, we used a low throughput chemical screen approach in order to isolate new tip-growth disruptors. The effect of a chemical inhibitor of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases, galvestine-1, was also investigated. The present work further characterizes their effects on the tip-growth and intracellular dynamics of pollen tubes. RESULTS Two small compounds among 258 were isolated based on their abilities to perturb pollen tube growth. They were found to disrupt in vitro pollen tube growth of tobacco, tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that these 3 compounds induced abnormal phenotypes (bulging and/or enlarged pollen tubes) and reduced pollen tube length in a dose dependent manner. Pollen germination was significantly reduced after treatment with the two compounds isolated from the screen. They also affected cell wall material deposition in pollen tubes. The compounds decreased anion superoxide accumulation, disorganized actin filaments and RIC4 dynamics suggesting that they may affect vesicular trafficking at the pollen tube tip. CONCLUSION These molecules may alter directly or indirectly ROP1 activity, a key regulator of pollen tube growth and vesicular trafficking and therefore represent good tools to further study cellular dynamics during polarized-cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdousse Laggoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Flavien Dardelle
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
- Present Address: LPS-BioSciences, Bâtiment 409, Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jérémy Dehors
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, cedex 9 France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, CNRS 3038 INC3M, SFR ICORE, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
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Rampérez A, Bartolomé-Martín D, García-Pascual A, Sánchez-Prieto J, Torres M. Photoconversion of FM1-43 Reveals Differences in Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and Sensitivity to Pharmacological Disruption of Actin Dynamics in Individual Synapses. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2045-2059. [PMID: 30763065 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling of synaptic vesicles ensures that neurons can communicate adequately through their synapses on repeated occasions when activity is sustained, and several steps in this cycle are modulated by actin. The effects of pharmacological stabilization of actin with jasplakinolide or its depolymerization with latrunculin A was assessed on the synaptic vesicle cycle at individual boutons of cerebellar granule cells, using FM1-43 imaging to track vesicle recycling and its photoconversion to specifically label recycled organelles. Remarkable differences in the recycling capacity of individual boutons are evident, and their dependence on the actin cytoskeleton for recycling is clear. Disrupting actin dynamics causes a loss of functional boutons, and while this indicates that exo/endocytotic cycling in boutons is fully dependent on such events, this dependence is only partial in other boutons. Indeed, exocytosis and vesicle trafficking are impaired significantly by stabilizing or depolymerizing actin, whereas repositioning recycled vesicles at the active zone seems to be dependent on actin polymerization alone. These findings support the hypothesis that different steps of synaptic vesicle cycling depend on actin dynamics and that such dependence varies among individual boutons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rampérez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - David Bartolomé-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Angeles García-Pascual
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jose Sánchez-Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Magdalena Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
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Wallace AG, Raduwan H, Carlet J, Soto MC. The RhoGAP HUM-7/Myo9 integrates signals to modulate RHO-1/RhoA during embryonic morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2018; 145:dev.168724. [PMID: 30389847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, cells and tissues undergo dramatic movements under the control of F-actin regulators. Our studies of epidermal cell migrations in developing Caenorhabditis elegans embryos have identified multiple plasma membrane signals that regulate the Rac GTPase, thus regulating WAVE and Arp2/3 complexes, to promote branched F-actin formation and polarized enrichment. Here, we describe a pathway that acts in parallel to Rac to transduce membrane signals to control epidermal F-actin through the GTPase RHO-1/RhoA. RHO-1 contributes to epidermal migration through effects on underlying neuroblasts. We identify signals to regulate RHO-1-dependent events in the epidermis. HUM-7, the C. elegans homolog of human MYO9A and MYO9B, regulates F-actin dynamics during epidermal migration. Genetics and biochemistry support that HUM-7 behaves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the RHO-1/RhoA and CDC-42 GTPases. Loss of HUM-7 enhances RHO-1-dependent epidermal cell behaviors. We identify SAX-3/ROBO as an upstream signal that contributes to attenuated RHO-1 activation through its regulation of HUM-7/Myo9. These studies identify a new role for RHO-1 during epidermal cell migration, and suggest that RHO-1 activity is regulated by SAX-3/ROBO acting on the RhoGAP HUM-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John Carlet
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Martha C Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Georgess D, Spuul P, Le Clainche C, Le Nihouannen D, Fremaux I, Dakhli T, Delannoy López DM, Deffieux D, Jurdic P, Quideau S, Génot E. Anti-osteoclastic effects of C-glucosidic ellagitannins mediated by actin perturbation. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:533-545. [PMID: 30287085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin subunits assemble into actin filaments whose dynamics and three-dimensional architectures are further regulated by a variety of cellular factors to establish the functional actin cytoskeleton. The C-glucosidic ellagitannin vescalagin and its simpler analogue vescalin, affect both the dynamics and the ultrastructure of the actin cytoskeleton by directly binding to F-actin. Herein, we show that in vitro, the two compounds induce the formation of distinct F-actin networks characterized by different superstructures and dynamics. In living mature osteoclasts, highly specialized bone-degrading cells that constantly remodel their cytoskeleton, vescalagin and vescalin alter actin dynamics at podosomes and compromise the integrity of the podosome belt that forms the bone-degrading apparatus. Both compounds target the bone-resorbing activity at concentrations that preserve osteoclastic maturation and survival and with no detectable impact on the behaviour of bone-forming osteoblastic cells. This anti-osteoclastic activity of vescalagin and vescalin reveals the potential of targeting actin dynamics as a new therapeutic opportunity and, in this case, as a plausible approach for the local treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Georgess
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, (ENS-UMR 5242), Université de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Damien Le Nihouannen
- Inserm U1026, University of Bordeaux, Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Fremaux
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Dakhli
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, (UMS 3033/US 001), Université de Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac Cedex, F-33607, France
| | | | - Denis Deffieux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Université de Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, F-33405, France
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, (ENS-UMR 5242), Université de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), Université de Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, F-33405, France.
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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37
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Ilina O, Campanello L, Gritsenko PG, Vullings M, Wang C, Bult P, Losert W, Friedl P. Intravital microscopy of collective invasion plasticity in breast cancer. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.034330. [PMID: 29997220 PMCID: PMC6176993 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion programs are adaptive by switching between metastatic collective and single-cell dissemination; however, current intravital microscopy models for epithelial cancer in mice fail to reliably recreate such invasion plasticity. Using microimplantation of breast cancer spheroids into the murine mammary fat pad and live-cell monitoring, we show microenvironmental conditions and cytoskeletal adaptation during collective to single-cell transition in vivo E-cadherin-expressing 4T1 and E-cadherin-negative MMT tumors both initiated collective invasion along stromal structures, reflecting invasion patterns in 3D organotypic culture and human primary ductal and lobular carcinoma. Collectively invading cells developed weakly oscillatory actin dynamics, yet provided zones for single-cell transitions with accentuated, more chaotic actin fluctuations. This identifies collective invasion in vivo as a dynamic niche and efficient source for single-cell release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ilina
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Campanello
- Department of Physics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Pavlo G Gritsenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Department of Physics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands .,Cancer Genomic Centre, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Richier B, Inoue Y, Dobramysl U, Friedlander J, Brown NH, Gallop JL. Integrin signaling downregulates filopodia during muscle-tendon attachment. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217133. [PMID: 30054384 PMCID: PMC6127725 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to sense their environment to ensure accurate targeting to specific destinations. This occurs in developing muscles, which need to attach to tendon cells before muscle contractions can begin. Elongating myotube tips form filopodia, which are presumed to have sensory roles, and are later suppressed upon building the attachment site. Here, we use live imaging and quantitative image analysis of lateral transverse (LT) myotubes in Drosophila to show that filopodia suppression occurs as a result of integrin signaling. Loss of the integrin subunits αPS2 and βPS (also known as If and Mys, respectively, in flies) increased filopodia number and length at stages when they are normally suppressed. Conversely, inducing integrin signaling, achieved by the expression of constitutively dimerised βPS cytoplasmic domain (diβ), prematurely suppressed filopodia. We discovered that the integrin signal is transmitted through the protein G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting ArfGAP (Git) and its downstream kinase p21-activated kinase (Pak). Absence of these proteins causes profuse filopodia and prevents the filopodial inhibition mediated by diβ. Thus, integrin signaling terminates the exploratory behavior of myotubes seeking tendons, enabling the actin machinery to focus on forming a strong attachment and assembling the contractile apparatus. Summary: Integrins signal through Git and Pak to downregulate filopodia when muscles reach their target attachment site in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Richier
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Yoshiko Inoue
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.,Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Ulrich Dobramysl
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jonathan Friedlander
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jennifer L Gallop
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK .,Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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39
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Qin Y, Chen K, Gu W, Dong X, Lei R, Chang Y, Bai X, Xia S, Zeng L, Zhang J, Ma S, Li J, Li S, Xing G. Small size fullerenol nanoparticles suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer cell by disrupting actin dynamics. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:54. [PMID: 29935539 PMCID: PMC6015447 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Migratory breast cancer cells in lymphatic and blood vessels seek new sites and form metastatic colonies in the lung and bone, and then these cancer cells often wreak considerable havoc. With advances in nanotechnology, nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are widely applied in tumor therapy. In this paper, small size fullerenol nanoparticles, which are separated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IFE) for discrepancy of isoelectric point (pI), are used in the study of tumor metastasis. RESULTS In this study, the commendable inhibition of tumor metastasis was uncovered by intravenous injection of purified fullerenol fraction with special surface charge and functional groups, which was separated by IFE for discrepancy of pI. By investigating the actin dynamics in several cancer cell lines, we found these small size fullerenol nanoparticles disturbed actin dynamics. Young's modulus detection and cell migration assays revealed that fullerenol lowered stiffness and restrained migration of breast cancer cells. Filopodia, the main supporting structures of actin bundles, are important for cell motility and adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fullerenol reduced the number and length of filopodia. Simultaneously, the inhibition of integrin to form clusters on filopodias, which was likely induced by reorganizing of actin cytoskeleton, impacted cancer cell adhesion and motility. CONCLUSIONS With intravenous injection of these fullerenol nanoparticles, tumor metastasis is well inhibited in vivo. The underlying mechanism most likely to be attributed to the effect of fullerenol nanoparticles on disturbing actin dynamics. With the disordered actin fiber, cell function is varied, including decreased cell stiffness, reduced filopodia formation, and inactivated integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Qin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yanan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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40
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Joensuu M, Lanoue V, Hotulainen P. Dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:362-381. [PMID: 28870634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses. Changes in the shape and size of dendritic spines correlate with the functional changes in excitatory synapses and are heavily dependent on the remodeling of the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence implicates synapses at dendritic spines as important substrates of pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although synaptic perturbations are not the only alterations relevant for these diseases, understanding the molecular underpinnings of the spine and synapse pathology may provide insight into their etiologies and could reveal new drug targets. In this review, we will discuss recent findings of defective actin regulation in dendritic spines associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Yuan B, Zhang R, Hu J, Liu Z, Yang C, Zhang T, Zhang C. WDR1 Promotes Cell Growth and Migration and Contributes to Malignant Phenotypes of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer through ADF/cofilin-mediated Actin Dynamics. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1067-1080. [PMID: 29989053 PMCID: PMC6036740 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic of carcinoma is cell migration and invasion, which involve in strong actin dynamics. Regulations of actin dynamics have been implicated in cancer cell migration and tumor progression. WDR1 (WD-repeat domain 1) is a major cofactor of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, strongly accelerating ADF/cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. The role of WDR1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression has been unknown. Here, we show that the expression levels of WDR1 are increased in human NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and high WDR1 level correlates with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Knockdown of WDR1 in NSCLC cells significantly inhibits cell migration, invasion, EMT process and tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Otherwise, overexpression of WDR1 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanically, our data suggested WDR1 regulated tumor cells proliferation and migration might through actin cytoskeleton-mediated regulation of YAP, and we demonstrated that WDR1 contributes to NSCLC progression through ADF/cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Our findings implicate that the ADF/cofilin-WDR1-actin axis as an activator of malignant phenotype that will be a promising therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyin Yuan
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430081, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
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42
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Xie Y, Cheng M, Lu S, Yuan Q, Yang D, Chen Y, Pan C, Qiu Y, Xiong B. Eg5 orchestrates porcine oocyte maturational progression by maintaining meiotic organelle arrangement. Cell Div 2018; 13:4. [PMID: 29796058 PMCID: PMC5966870 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kinesin superfamily proteins are microtubule-based molecular motors essential for the intracellular transport of various cargos, including organelles, proteins, and RNAs. However, their exact roles during mammalian oocyte meiosis have not been fully clarified. Results Herein, we investigated the critical events during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation with the treatment of Eg5-specific inhibitor monastrol. We found that Eg5 inhibition resulted in oocyte meiotic failure by displaying the poor expansion of cumulus cells and reduced rate of polar body extrusion. In the meantime, the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment were compromised, accompanied by the decreased level of acetylated α-tubulin, indicative of less stable microtubules. Impaired actin dynamics and mitochondria integrity were also observed in Eg5-inhibited oocytes. Additionally, inhibition of Eg5 caused the abnormal distribution of cortical granules and ovastacin, a cortical granule component, potentially leading to the fertilization failure. Conclusions Our findings reveal that Eg5 possesses an important function in porcine oocyte meiotic progression by regulating the organelle dynamics and arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- 1Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Minghui Cheng
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shan Lu
- 2Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Qilong Yuan
- 2Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Dongyu Yang
- 2Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Ying Chen
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chen Pan
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- 1Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Bo Xiong
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Tong L, Prieto GA, Cotman CW. IL-1β suppresses cLTP-induced surface expression of GluA1 and actin polymerization via ceramide-mediated Src activation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:127. [PMID: 29712570 PMCID: PMC5925843 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain inflammation including increases in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β is widely believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Although IL-1β-induced impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP) in acute hippocampal slices and memory functions in vivo have been well documented, the neuron-specific molecular mechanisms of IL-1β-mediated impairments of LTP and memory remain unclear. METHODS This study uses an in vitro approach in primary hippocampal neurons to evaluate the effect of IL-1β on chemical LTP (cLTP)-induced structural plasticity and signaling. RESULTS We found that IL-1β reduces both the surface expression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA1 and the spine growth following cLTP. These effects of IL-1β were mediated by impairing actin polymerization during cLTP, as IL-1β decreased the cLTP-induced formation of F-actin, and the effect of IL-1β on cLTP-induced surface expression of GluA1 can be mimicked by latrunculin, a toxin that disrupts dynamics of actin filaments, and can be prevented by jasplakinolide, a cell-permeable peptide that stabilizes F-actin. Moreover, live-cell imaging demonstrated that IL-1β decreased the stability of the actin cytoskeleton in spines, which is required for LTP consolidation. We further examined the role of sphingolipid signaling in the IL-1β-mediated impairment of spine plasticity and found that both the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor GW4869 and the inhibitor of Src kinase PP2 attenuated the IL-1β-mediated suppression of cLTP-induced surface expression of GluA1 and actin polymerization. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a mechanism by which IL-1β, via the sphingomyelinase/ceramide/Src pathway, impairs structural spine remodeling essential for LTP consolidation and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Tong
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - G Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Carl W Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 1226 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Abstract
Formin is a highly processive motor that offers very unique features to control the elongation of actin filaments. When bound to the filament barbed-end, it enhances the addition of profilin-actin from solution to dramatically accelerate actin assembly. The different aspects of formin activity can be explored using single actin filament assays based on the combination of microfluidics with fluorescence microscopy. This chapter describes methods to conduct single filament experiments and explains how to probe formin renucleation as a case study: purification of the proteins, the design, preparation, and assembly of the flow chamber, and how to specifically anchor formins to the surface.
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45
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Abstract
Dynamic assembly of actin filaments is essential for many cellular processes. The rates of assembly and disassembly of actin filaments are intricately controlled by regulatory proteins that interact with the ends and the sides of filaments and with actin monomers. TIRF-based single-filament imaging techniques have proven instrumental in uncovering mechanisms of actin regulation. In this unit, novel single-filament approaches using microfluidics-assisted TIRF imaging are described. These methods can be used to grow anchored actin filaments aligned in a flow, thus making the analysis much easier as compared to open flow cell approaches. The microfluidic nature of the system also enables rapid change of biochemical conditions and allows simultaneous imaging of a large number of actin filaments. Support protocols for preparing microfluidic chambers and purifying spectrin-actin seeds used for nucleating anchored filaments are also described. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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Jiang Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Chen N, Huang S. ADF10 shapes the overall organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover and ordering in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3988-4001. [PMID: 29061882 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that Arabidopsis ADF10 plays an important role in shaping the overall organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover and ordering. ADF10 severs and depolymerizes actin filaments in vitro and is distributed throughout the entire pollen tube. In adf10 mutants, severing and monomer dissociation events for apical actin filaments are reduced, and the apical actin structure extends further toward the tube base than in wild-type tubes. In particular, the percentage of apical actin filaments that form large angles to the tube growth axis is much higher in adf10 pollen tubes, and the actin filaments are more randomly distributed, implying that ADF10 promotes their ordering. Consistent with the role of apical actin filaments in physically restricting the movement of vesicles, the region in which apical vesicles accumulate is enlarged at the tip of adf10 pollen tubes. Both tipward and backward movements of small vesicles are altered within the growth domain of adf10 pollen tubes. Thus, our study suggests that ADF10 shapes the organization of apical actin filaments to regulate vesicle trafficking and pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Naizhi Chen
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Ono S. Functions of actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1)/WD repeat protein 1 (WDR1) in actin filament dynamics and cytoskeletal regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:315-22. [PMID: 29056508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), are conserved among eukaryotes and play critical roles in dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. AIP1 preferentially promotes disassembly of ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments but exhibits minimal effects on bare actin filaments. Therefore, AIP1 has been often considered to be an ancillary co-factor of ADF/cofilin that merely boosts ADF/cofilin activity level. However, genetic and cell biological studies show that AIP1 deficiency often causes lethality or severe abnormalities in multiple tissues and organs including muscle, epithelia, and blood, suggesting that AIP1 is a major regulator of many biological processes that depend on actin dynamics. This review summarizes recent progress in studies on the biochemical mechanism of actin filament severing by AIP1 and in vivo functions of AIP1 in model organisms and human diseases.
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Dimri M, Bilogan C, Pierce LX, Naegele G, Vasanji A, Gibson I, McClendon A, Tae K, Sakaguchi TF. Three-dimensional structural analysis reveals a Cdk5-mediated kinase cascade regulating hepatic biliary network branching in zebrafish. Development 2017; 144:2595-2605. [PMID: 28720653 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intrahepatic biliary network is a highly branched three-dimensional network lined by biliary epithelial cells, but how its branching patterns are precisely established is not clear. We designed a new computer-based algorithm that quantitatively computes the structural differences of the three-dimensional networks. Utilizing the algorithm, we showed that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) led to reduced branching in the intrahepatic biliary network in zebrafish. Further, we identified a previously unappreciated downstream kinase cascade regulated by Cdk5. Pharmacological manipulations of this downstream kinase cascade produced a crowded branching defect in the intrahepatic biliary network and influenced actin dynamics in biliary epithelial cells. We generated larvae carrying a mutation in cdk5 regulatory subunit 1a (cdk5r1a), an essential activator of Cdk5. cdk5r1a mutant larvae show similar branching defects as those observed in Cdk5 inhibitor-treated larvae. A small-molecule compound that interferes with the downstream kinase cascade rescued the mutant phenotype. These results provide new insights into branching morphogenesis of the intrahepatic biliary network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Dimri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cassandra Bilogan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lain X Pierce
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gregory Naegele
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Isabel Gibson
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Allyson McClendon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kevin Tae
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Takuya F Sakaguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Ferguson JP, Huber SD, Willy NM, Aygün E, Goker S, Atabey T, Kural C. Mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3631-3636. [PMID: 28923837 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized the tension response of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by using various cell manipulation methodologies. Elevated tension in a cell hinders clathrin-mediated endocytosis through inhibition of de novo coat initiation, elongation of clathrin coat lifetimes and reduction of high-magnitude growth rates. Actin machinery supplies an inward pulling force necessary for internalization of clathrin coats under high tension. These findings suggest that the physical cues cells receive from their microenvironment are major determinants of clathrin-mediated endocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Ferguson
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott D Huber
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nathan M Willy
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Esra Aygün
- Department of Biology, Capital University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Sevde Goker
- Department of Biology, Fatih University, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Atabey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA .,Biophysics Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
Cl- intracellular channels (CLICs) are a family of six evolutionary conserved cytosolic proteins that exist in both soluble and membrane-associated forms; however, their functions have long been elusive. Soluble CLICs adopt a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fold, can induce ion currents in artificial membranes and show oxidoreductase activity in vitro, but there is no convincing evidence of CLICs having such activities in vivo. Recent studies have revealed a role for CLIC proteins in Rho-regulated cortical actin dynamics as well as vesicular trafficking and integrin recycling, the latter of which are under the control of Rab GTPases. In this Commentary, we discuss the emerging roles of CLIC proteins in these processes and the lessons learned from gene-targeting studies. We also highlight outstanding questions regarding the molecular function(s) of these important but still poorly understood proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Argenzio
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
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