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Welz T, Kerkhoff E. The role of SPIRE actin nucleators in cellular transport processes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:304890. [PMID: 36994763 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking back at two decades of research on SPIRE actin nucleator proteins, the first decade was clearly dominated by the discovery of SPIRE proteins as founding members of the novel WH2-domain-based actin nucleators, which initiate actin filament assembly through multiple WH2 actin-binding domains. Through complex formation with formins and class 5 myosins, SPIRE proteins coordinate actin filament assembly and myosin motor-dependent force generation. The discovery of SPIRE-regulated cytoplasmic actin filament meshworks in oocytes initiated the next phase of SPIRE research, which has found that SPIRE proteins are integrated in a diverse range of cell biological processes. In addition to regulating vesicle-based actin filament meshworks, SPIRE proteins function in the organisation of actin structures driving the inward movement of pronuclei of the mouse zygote. Localisation at cortical ring structures and the results of knockdown experiments indicate that SPIRE proteins function in the formation of meiotic cleavage sites in mammalian oocytes and the externalisation of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. Alternative splicing targets mammalian SPIRE1 towards mitochondria, where it has a role in fission. In this Review, we summarise the past two decades of SPIRE research by addressing the biochemical and cell biological functions of SPIRE proteins in mammalian reproduction, skin pigmentation and wound healing, as well as in mitochondrial dynamics and host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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González-Alvarado MN, Aprato J, Baumeister M, Lippert M, Ekici AB, Kirchner P, Welz T, Hoffmann A, Winkler J, Wegner M, Haase S, Linker RA. Oligodendrocytes regulate the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in neuroinflammation. Glia 2021; 70:522-535. [PMID: 34787332 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, oligodendrocytes (Ol) have been attributed potential immunomodulatory effects. Yet, the exact mode of interaction with pathogenic CNS infiltrating lymphocytes remains unclear. Here, we attempt to dissect mechanisms of Ol modulation during neuroinflammation and characterize the interaction of Ol with pathogenic T cells. RNA expression analysis revealed an upregulation of immune-modulatory genes and adhesion molecules (AMs), ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, in Ol when isolated from mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To explore whether AMs are involved in the interaction of Ol with infiltrating T cells, we performed co-culture studies on mature Ol and Th1 cells. Live cell imaging analysis showed direct interaction between both cell types. Eighty percentage of Th1 cells created contacts with Ol that lasted longer than 15 min, which may be regarded as physiologically relevant. Exposure of Ol to Th1 cells or their supernatant resulted in a significant extension of Ol processes, and upregulation of AMs as well as other immunomodulatory genes. Our observations indicate that blocking of oligodendroglial ICAM-1 can reduce the number of Th1 cells initially contacting the Ol. These results suggest that AMs may play a role in the interaction between Ol and Th1 cells. We identified Ol interacting with CD4+ cells in vivo in spinal cord tissue of EAE diseased mice indicating that our in vitro findings are of interest to further scientific research in this field. Further characterization and understanding of Ol interaction with infiltrating cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies enhancing Ol protection and remyelination potential. Oligodendrocytes regulate immune modulatory genes and adhesion molecules during autoimmune neuroinflammation Oligodendrocytes interact with Th1 cells in vitro in a physiologically relevant manner Adhesion molecules may be involved in Ol-Th1 cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Aprato
- Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Baumeister
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lippert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Welz
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Alzahofi N, Welz T, Robinson CL, Page EL, Briggs DA, Stainthorp AK, Reekes J, Elbe DA, Straub F, Kallemeijn WW, Tate EW, Goff PS, Sviderskaya EV, Cantero M, Montoliu L, Nedelec F, Miles AK, Bailly M, Kerkhoff E, Hume AN. Rab27a co-ordinates actin-dependent transport by controlling organelle-associated motors and track assembly proteins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3495. [PMID: 32661310 PMCID: PMC7359353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell biologists generally consider that microtubules and actin play complementary roles in long- and short-distance transport in animal cells. On the contrary, using melanosomes of melanocytes as a model, we recently discovered that the motor protein myosin-Va works with dynamic actin tracks to drive long-range organelle dispersion in opposition to microtubules. This suggests that in animals, as in yeast and plants, myosin/actin can drive long-range transport. Here, we show that the SPIRE-type actin nucleators (predominantly SPIRE1) are Rab27a effectors that co-operate with formin-1 to generate actin tracks required for myosin-Va-dependent transport in melanocytes. Thus, in addition to melanophilin/myosin-Va, Rab27a can recruit SPIREs to melanosomes, thereby integrating motor and track assembly activity at the organelle membrane. Based on this, we suggest a model in which organelles and force generators (motors and track assemblers) are linked, forming an organelle-based, cell-wide network that allows their collective activity to rapidly disperse the population of organelles long-distance throughout the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alzahofi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Tobias Welz
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Emma L Page
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Deborah A Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amy K Stainthorp
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - James Reekes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Elbe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Felix Straub
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Philip S Goff
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Marta Cantero
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francois Nedelec
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Amanda K Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Maryse Bailly
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Alistair N Hume
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Schulze M, Violonchi C, Swoboda S, Welz T, Kerkhoff E, Hoja S, Brüggemann S, Simbürger J, Reinders J, Riemenschneider MJ. RELN signaling modulates glioblastoma growth and substrate-dependent migration. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:695-709. [PMID: 29222813 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and most malignant type of primary brain tumor and significantly contributes to cancer morbidity and mortality. Invasion into the healthy brain parenchyma is a major feature of glioblastoma aggressiveness. Reelin (RELN) is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain and sustains functionality in the adult brain. We here show that both RELN and its main downstream effector DAB1 are silenced in glioblastoma as compared to non-neoplastic tissue and mRNA expression is inversely correlated with malignancy grade. Furthermore, RELN expression is positively correlated with patient survival in two large, independent clinically annotated datasets. RELN silencing occurs via promoter hypermethylation as shown by both database mining and bisulfite sequencing of the RELN promoter. Consequently, treatment with 5'-Azacytidine and trichostatin A induced RELN expression in vitro. On the functional level, we found RELN to regulate glioblastoma cell migration both in a DAB1 (tyrosine phosphorylation)-dependent and -independent fashion, depending on the substrate provided. Moreover, stimulation of RELN signaling strongly reduced proliferation in glioblastoma cells. This phenotype depends on DAB1 stimulation by RELN, as a mutant that lacks all RELN induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites (DAB1-5F) failed to induce a growth arrest. Proteomic analyzes revealed that these effects are mediated by a reduction in E2F targets and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our data establish a relevance of RELN signaling in glioblastoma pathology and thereby might unearth novel, yet unrecognized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schulze
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christ Violonchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Swoboda
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoja
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Brüggemann
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johann Simbürger
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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Hoffmann C, Welz T, Sabranski M, Kolb M, Wolf E, Stellbrink H, Wyen C. Reply to Letter ‘Morning dosing for dolutegravir‐related insomnia and sleep disorders’ by Capetti
et al
. HIV Med 2017; 19:e60-e61. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hoffmann
- ICH Study Center Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Department of Medicine II University of Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - T Welz
- Praxis am Ebertplatz Cologne Germany
| | | | - M Kolb
- Praxis am Ebertplatz Cologne Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - E Wolf
- MUC Research GmbH Munich Germany
| | | | - C Wyen
- Praxis am Ebertplatz Cologne Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany
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Abstract
Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motor proteins were recently discovered to coexist in a protein complex. The direct interaction allows the coordinated activation of actin motor proteins and actin filament track generation at vesicle membranes. By now the cooperation of myosin V (MyoV) motors and Spir actin nucleation function has only been shown in the exocytic transport of Rab11 vesicles in metaphase mouse oocytes. Next to Rab11, myosin V motors however interact with a variety of Rab GTPases including Rab3, Rab8 and Rab10. As a common theme most of the MyoV interacting Rab GTPases function at different steps along the exocytic transport routes. We here summarize the different transport functions of class V myosins and provide as proof of principle data showing a colocalization of Spir actin nucleators and MyoVa at Rab8a vesicles. This suggests that besides Rab11/MyoV transport also the Rab8/MyoV and possibly other MyoV transport processes recruit Spir actin filament nucleation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- a University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology , Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- a University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology , Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory , Regensburg , Germany
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7
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Hoffmann C, Welz T, Sabranski M, Kolb M, Wolf E, Stellbrink HJ, Wyen C. Higher rates of neuropsychiatric adverse events leading to dolutegravir discontinuation in women and older patients. HIV Med 2016; 18:56-63. [PMID: 27860104 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dolutegravir (DTG), a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), is now among the most frequently used antiretroviral agents. However, recent reports have raised concerns about potential neurotoxicity. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of HIV-infected patients who had initiated an INSTI in two large German out-patient clinics between 2007 and 2016. We compared discontinuation rates because of adverse events (AEs) within 2 years of starting treatment with dolutegravir, raltegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat. We also evaluated factors associated with dolutegravir discontinuation. RESULTS A total of 1950 INSTI-based therapies were initiated in 1704 patients eligible for analysis within the observation period. The estimated rates of any AE and of neuropsychiatric AEs leading to discontinuation within 12 months were 7.6% and 5.6%, respectively, for dolutegravir (n = 985), 7.6% and 0.7%, respectively, for elvitegravir (n = 287), and 3.3% and 1.9%, respectively, for raltegravir (n = 678). Neuropsychiatric AEs leading to dolutegravir discontinuation were observed more frequently in women [hazard ratio (HR) 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-5.65; P = 0.012], in patients older than 60 years (HR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.42-5.77; P = 0.003) and in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701-negative patients who initiated abacavir at the same time (HR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.38-4.24; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort, the rate of discontinuation of dolutegravir because of neuropsychiatric adverse events was significantly higher than for other INSTIs, at almost 6% within 12 months. Despite the limitations of this retrospective study, the almost three-fold higher discontinuation rates observed amongst women and older patients underscore the need for further investigation, especially in patient populations usually underrepresented in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoffmann
- ICH Study Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Welz
- Praxis am Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - M Kolb
- Praxis am Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | | | - C Wyen
- Praxis am Ebertplatz, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Andritschke D, Dilling S, Emmenlauer M, Welz T, Schmich F, Misselwitz B, Rämö P, Rottner K, Kerkhoff E, Wada T, Penninger JM, Beerenwinkel N, Horvath P, Dehio C, Hardt WD. A Genome-Wide siRNA Screen Implicates Spire1/2 in SipA-Driven Salmonella Typhimurium Host Cell Invasion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161965. [PMID: 27627128 PMCID: PMC5023170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) is a leading cause of diarrhea. The disease is triggered by pathogen invasion into the gut epithelium. Invasion is attributed to the SPI-1 type 3 secretion system (T1). T1 injects effector proteins into epithelial cells and thereby elicits rearrangements of the host cellular actin cytoskeleton and pathogen invasion. The T1 effector proteins SopE, SopB, SopE2 and SipA are contributing to this. However, the host cell factors contributing to invasion are still not completely understood. To address this question comprehensively, we used Hela tissue culture cells, a genome-wide siRNA library, a modified gentamicin protection assay and S. TmSipA, a sopBsopE2sopE mutant which strongly relies on the T1 effector protein SipA to invade host cells. We found that S. TmSipA invasion does not elicit membrane ruffles, nor promote the entry of non-invasive bacteria "in trans". However, SipA-mediated infection involved the SPIRE family of actin nucleators, besides well-established host cell factors (WRC, ARP2/3, RhoGTPases, COPI). Stage-specific follow-up assays and knockout fibroblasts indicated that SPIRE1 and SPIRE2 are involved in different steps of the S. Tm infection process. Whereas SPIRE1 interferes with bacterial binding, SPIRE2 influences intracellular replication of S. Tm. Hence, these two proteins might fulfill non-redundant functions in the pathogen-host interaction. The lack of co-localization hints to a short, direct interaction between S. Tm and SPIRE proteins or to an indirect effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andritschke
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Dilling
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Welz
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, DE- 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schmich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pauli Rämö
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, DE- 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Teiji Wada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Horvath
- Light Microscopy Center, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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9
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Pylypenko O, Welz T, Tittel J, Kollmar M, Chardon F, Malherbe G, Weiss S, Michel CIL, Samol-Wolf A, Grasskamp AT, Hume A, Goud B, Baron B, England P, Titus MA, Schwille P, Weidemann T, Houdusse A, Kerkhoff E. Coordinated recruitment of Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors to Rab11 vesicle membranes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27623148 PMCID: PMC5021521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a coupling of actin assembly and myosin motor activity in cells. However, mechanisms for recruitment of actin nucleators and motors on specific membrane compartments remain unclear. Here we report how Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors coordinate their specific membrane recruitment. The myosin V globular tail domain (MyoV-GTD) interacts directly with an evolutionarily conserved Spir sequence motif. We determined crystal structures of MyoVa-GTD bound either to the Spir-2 motif or to Rab11 and show that a Spir-2:MyoVa:Rab11 complex can form. The ternary complex architecture explains how Rab11 vesicles support coordinated F-actin nucleation and myosin force generation for vesicle transport and tethering. New insights are also provided into how myosin activation can be coupled with the generation of actin tracks. Since MyoV binds several Rab GTPases, synchronized nucleator and motor targeting could provide a common mechanism to control force generation and motility in different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pylypenko
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Welz
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janine Tittel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Chardon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Malherbe
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Weiss
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alistair Hume
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Baron
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
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10
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Leidgens V, Seliger C, Jachnik B, Welz T, Leukel P, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Bogdahn U, Kreutz M, Grauer OM, Hau P. Ibuprofen and Diclofenac Restrict Migration and Proliferation of Human Glioma Cells by Distinct Molecular Mechanisms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140613. [PMID: 26485029 PMCID: PMC4617646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with anti-tumorigenic effects in different tumor entities. For glioma, research has generally focused on diclofenac; however data on other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, is limited. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the cellular, molecular, and metabolic effects of ibuprofen and diclofenac on human glioblastoma cells. Methods Glioma cell lines were treated with ibuprofen or diclofenac to investigate functional effects on proliferation and cell motility. Cell cycle, extracellular lactate levels, lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) expression and activity, as well as inhibition of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT-3) signaling pathway, were determined. Specific effects of diclofenac and ibuprofen on STAT-3 were investigated by comparing their effects with those of the specific STAT-3 inhibitor STATTIC. Results Ibuprofen treatment led to a stronger inhibition of cell growth and migration than treatment with diclofenac. Proliferation was affected by cell cycle arrest at different checkpoints by both agents. In addition, diclofenac, but not ibuprofen, decreased lactate levels in all concentrations used. Both decreased STAT-3 phosphorylation; however, diclofenac led to decreased c-myc expression and subsequent reduction in LDH-A activity, whereas treatment with ibuprofen in higher doses induced c-myc expression and less LDH-A alteration. Conclusions This study indicates that both ibuprofen and diclofenac strongly inhibit glioma cells, but the subsequent metabolic responses of both agents are distinct. We postulate that ibuprofen may inhibit tumor cells also by COX- and lactate-independent mechanisms after long-term treatment in physiological dosages, whereas diclofenac mainly acts by inhibition of STAT-3 signaling and downstream modulation of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Seliger
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Jachnik
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welz
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany and Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver M Grauer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Tittel J, Welz T, Czogalla A, Dietrich S, Samol-Wolf A, Schulte M, Schwille P, Weidemann T, Kerkhoff E. Membrane targeting of the Spir·formin actin nucleator complex requires a sequential handshake of polar interactions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6428-44. [PMID: 25564607 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spir and formin (FMN)-type actin nucleators initiate actin polymerization at vesicular membranes necessary for long range vesicular transport processes. Here we studied in detail the membrane binding properties and protein/protein interactions that govern the assembly of the membrane-associated Spir·FMN complex. Using biomimetic membrane models we show that binding of the C-terminal Spir-2 FYVE-type zinc finger involves both the presence of negatively charged lipids and hydrophobic contributions from the turret loop that intrudes the lipid bilayer. In solution, we uncovered a yet unknown intramolecular interaction between the Spir-2 FYVE-type domain and the N-terminal kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain (KIND) that could not be detected in the membrane-bound state. Interestingly, we found that the intramolecular Spir-2 FYVE/KIND and the trans-regulatory Fmn-2-FSI/Spir-2-KIND interactions are competitive. We therefore characterized co-expressed Spir-2 and Fmn-2 fluorescent protein fusions in living cells by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. The data corroborate a model according to which Spir-2 exists in two different states, a cytosolic monomeric conformation and a membrane-bound state in which the KIND domain is released and accessible for subsequent Fmn-2 recruitment. This sequence of interactions mechanistically couples membrane binding of Spir to the recruitment of FMN, a pivotal step for initiating actin nucleation at vesicular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Tittel
- From the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Biophysics Research Group and
| | - Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany, and
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Paul Langerhans Institute, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307 Dresden, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany, and
| | - Annette Samol-Wolf
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany, and
| | - Markos Schulte
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany, and
| | - Petra Schwille
- From the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Biophysics Research Group and
| | - Thomas Weidemann
- From the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Biophysics Research Group and
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany, and
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Welz T, Wellbourne-Wood J, Kerkhoff E. Orchestration of cell surface proteins by Rab11. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:407-15. [PMID: 24675420 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The organization of cells into interconnected structures such as animal tissues requires a sophisticated system directing receptors and adhesion proteins to the cell surface. The Rab11 small G proteins (Rab11a, b, and Rab25) of the Ras superfamily are master regulators of the surface expression of receptors and adhesion proteins. Acting as a molecular switch, Rab11 builds distinct molecular machinery such as motor protein complexes and the exocyst to transport proteins to the cell surface. Recent evidence reveals Rab11 localization at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), post-Golgi vesicles, and the recycling endosome, placing it at the intersection between the endocytic and exocytic trafficking pathways. We review Rab11 in various cellular contexts, and discuss its regulation and mechanisms by which Rab11 couples with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joel Wellbourne-Wood
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Sand PG, Welz T. PITX3 variants in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease. Swiss Med Wkly 2014; 144:w13702. [DOI: 10.4414/smw.2014.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Pleiser S, Banchaabouchi MA, Samol-Wolf A, Farley D, Welz T, Wellbourne-Wood J, Gehring I, Linkner J, Faix J, Riemenschneider MJ, Dietrich S, Kerkhoff E. Enhanced fear expression in Spir-1 actin organizer mutant mice. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 93:225-37. [PMID: 24345451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spir proteins nucleate actin filaments at vesicle membranes and facilitate intracellular transport processes. The mammalian genome encodes two Spir proteins, namely Spir-1 and Spir-2. While the mouse spir-2 gene has a rather broad expression pattern, high levels of spir-1 expression are restricted to the nervous system, oocytes, and testis. Spir-1 mutant mice generated by a gene trap method have been employed to address Spir-1 function during mouse development and in adult mouse tissues, with a specific emphasis on viability, reproduction, and the nervous system. The gene trap cassette disrupts Spir-1 expression between the N-terminal KIND domain and the WH2 domain cluster. Spir-1 mutant mice are viable and were born in a Mendelian ratio. In accordance with the redundant function of Spir-1 and Spir-2 in oocyte maturation, spir-1 mutant mice are fertile. The overall brain anatomy of spir-1 mutant mice is not altered and visual and motor functions of the mice remain normal. Microscopic analysis shows a slight reduction in the number of dendritic spines on cortical neurons. Detailed behavioral studies of the spir-1 mutant mice, however, unveiled a very specific and highly significant phenotype in terms of fear learning in male mice. In contextual and cued fear conditioning experiments the male spir-1 mutant mice display increased fear memory when compared to their control littermates. Our data point toward a particular function of the vesicle associated Spir-1 actin organizer in neuronal circuits determining fear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pleiser
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mumna Al Banchaabouchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; Campus Vienna Biocenter, CSF - Campus Science Support Facilities GmbH, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Samol-Wolf
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominika Farley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Tobias Welz
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joel Wellbourne-Wood
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Gehring
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Linkner
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Regensburg University Hospital, Department of Neuropathology, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Hamlyn E, Welz T, Rebaudengo S, Simms H, Poulton M. Sexual behaviour, condom use and rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV clinic attendees in South East London. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:757-60. [PMID: 19759048 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine sexual behaviour, condom use and rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among attendees at a dedicated on-site STI clinic at a South London HIV centre. Data were prospectively collected by using a nurse-completed questionnaire. Ninety-eight percent of women reported one or no sexual partners in the preceding three months, whereas 57% of men who have sex with men (MSM) reported two or more partners. Only 28% of women, 53% of heterosexual men and 29% of MSM always used a condom for vaginal or anal intercourse. Positive STI diagnoses were found in 17.5% of women, 20% of heterosexual men and 49% of MSM. Twenty percent of patients who reported always using a condom and 38% of MSM reporting no sexual activity in the preceding three months had an STI. These results highlight the need for safe sex promotion and STI screening in HIV-infected patients regardless of self-reported sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamlyn
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
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16
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Bärnighausen T, Welz T, Hosegood V, Bätzing-Feigenbaum J, Tanser F, Herbst K, Hill C, Newell ML. Hiding in the shadows of the HIV epidemic: obesity and hypertension in a rural population with very high HIV prevalence in South Africa. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 22:236-9. [PMID: 18046436 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Hamlyn E, Barrett S, Kelsey J, Lockyer S, Welz T, Poulton M. Improvement in screening for sexually transmitted infections in HIV-positive patients following implementation of a nurse-led clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2007; 18:424-6. [PMID: 17609038 DOI: 10.1258/095646207781024720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess changes in the uptake of sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening resulting from implementation of a specific STI clinic for HIV-positive patients. An audit of STI screening in HIV-positive patients was undertaken before and after the establishment of the clinic. Significant increases in the number of patients having a sexual health discussion and annual health screen were seen. High rates of positive results were found in all patient groups. National guidelines recommend regular STI screening for all HIV-positive patients. A specific clinic for HIV-positive patients is feasible and acceptable and may result in an increase in uptake of STI screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamlyn
- Department of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, Kings College Hospital, Caldecot Centre, London, UK.
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18
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McDonald C, Lambert J, Nayagam D, Welz T, Poulton M, Aleksin D, Welch J. Why are children still being infected with HIV? Experiences in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in south London. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 83:59-63. [PMID: 17005542 PMCID: PMC2598578 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.021535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV at a large teaching hospital in South East London, and to assess reasons for the small numbers of transmissions that continue to occur. DESIGN A database of all pregnant women diagnosed as HIV positive between 1993 and 2005 was reviewed, with detailed (retrospective) case-note review of all mother-infant pairs where HIV transmission occurred. SETTING King's College Hospital, London, UK, a teaching hospital serving an ethnically diverse and socially deprived population. RESULTS 296 pregnancies to 274 women were recorded. 9 of 296 (3.0%) women were lost to follow-up before the end of the pregnancy. Of 287 pregnancies followed up until after delivery, 6 (2.1%) resulted in HIV infection in the infant. More recently, between 2000 and 2004, this transmission rate was even lower, at 3 in 231 (1.3%). Each of these six women had complications, including late presentation to services and defaulting follow-up appointments, which were likely to increase the risk of HIV transmission. Four of the six transmissions occurred in utero. CONCLUSION The overall transmission rate of 2% attests to the efforts of the multidisciplinary care team in managing this population which is often hard to reach. Clearly, good systems are needed to trace those women who default. Further data are needed regarding in utero transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McDonald
- Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Clinic, King's College Hospital, Caldecot Road, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
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Gandhi MN, Welz T, Ronsmans C. Severe acute maternal morbidity in rural South Africa. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 87:180-7. [PMID: 15491577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the frequency, causes, and avoidable factors of severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) in four non-specialist hospitals in rural South Africa. METHOD We conducted a prospective audit using criteria for SAMM suited to the diagnostic and treatment facilities available in the primary hospital setting. For each case of SAMM, a local audit team assessed the standard of care against local management guidelines and examined avoidable factors. An external specialist also retrospectively examined avoidable factors. RESULT The facility-based incidence of SAMM was 541 cases per 100,000 births (95% CI 368-767). The commonest organ systems involved were cerebral (42%), coagulation (19%), and vascular dysfunctions (16%). The commonest obstetric diagnoses were eclampsia (39%) and obstetric haemorrhage (32%). Approximately 65% of cases were avoidable. CONCLUSION A qualitative case review audit of SAMM in a non-specialist rural setting appears feasible and sustainable, and provides valuable information towards improving deficiencies in maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gandhi
- Bethesda Hospital, Mkuze, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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