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Hocq L, Habrylo O, Sénéchal F, Voxeur A, Pau-Roblot C, Safran J, Fournet F, Bassard S, Battu V, Demailly H, Tovar JC, Pilard S, Marcelo P, Savary BJ, Mercadante D, Njo MF, Beeckman T, Boudaoud A, Gutierrez L, Pelloux J, Lefebvre V. Mutation of AtPME2, a pH-Dependent Pectin Methylesterase, Affects Cell Wall Structure and Hypocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:301-318. [PMID: 38190549 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify homogalacturonan's chemistry and play a key role in regulating primary cell wall mechanical properties. Here, we report on Arabidopsis AtPME2, which we found to be highly expressed during lateral root emergence and dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. We showed that dark-grown hypocotyl elongation was reduced in knock-out mutant lines as compared to the control. The latter was related to the decreased total PME activity as well as increased stiffness of the cell wall in the apical part of the hypocotyl. To relate phenotypic analyses to the biochemical specificity of the enzyme, we produced the mature active enzyme using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and characterized it through the use of a generic plant PME antiserum. AtPME2 is more active at neutral compared to acidic pH, on pectins with a degree of 55-70% methylesterification. We further showed that the mode of action of AtPME2 can vary according to pH, from high processivity (at pH8) to low processivity (at pH5), and relate these observations to the differences in electrostatic potential of the protein. Our study brings insights into how the pH-dependent regulation by PME activity could affect the pectin structure and associated cell wall mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Hocq
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Josip Safran
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Virginie Battu
- Plant Reproduction and Development Laboratory, ENS de Lyon UMR 5667, BP 7000, Lyon cedex 07 69342, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - José C Tovar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Serge Pilard
- Analytical Platform (PFA), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Cellular imaging and protein analysis platform (ICAP), University of Picardie, Avenue Laënnec,CHU Sud, CURS, Amiens cedex 1 80054, France
| | - Brett J Savary
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 600, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria Fransiska Njo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Molecular Biology Platform (CRRBM), University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro-BIOPI Plant Biology and Innovation, University of Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, Amiens 80039, France
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Coculo D, Lionetti V. The Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863892. [PMID: 35401607 PMCID: PMC8990755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Invertases (INVs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are essential enzymes coordinating carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and sugar signaling. INVs catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose into glucose and fructose, exerting a pivotal role in sucrose metabolism, cellulose biosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, reactive oxygen species scavenging as well as osmotic stress adaptation. PMEs exert a dynamic control of pectin methylesterification to manage cell adhesion, cell wall porosity, and elasticity, as well as perception and signaling of stresses. INV and PME activities can be regulated by specific proteinaceous inhibitors, named INV inhibitors (INVIs) and PME Inhibitors (PMEIs). Despite targeting different enzymes, INVIs and PMEIs belong to the same large protein family named "Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily." INVIs and PMEIs, while showing a low aa sequence identity, they share several structural properties. The two inhibitors showed mainly alpha-helices in their secondary structure and both form a non-covalent 1:1 complex with their enzymatic counterpart. Some PMEI members are organized in a gene cluster with specific PMEs. Although the most important physiological information was obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana, there are now several characterized INVI/PMEIs in different plant species. This review provides an integrated and updated overview of this fascinating superfamily, from the specific activity of characterized isoforms to their specific functions in plant physiology. We also highlight INVI/PMEIs as biotechnological tools to control different aspects of plant growth and defense. Some isoforms are discussed in view of their potential applications to improve industrial processes. A review of the nomenclature of some isoforms is carried out to eliminate confusion about the identity and the names of some INVI/PMEI member. Open questions, shortcoming, and opportunities for future research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Bazaraa WA, Ammar AS, Aqlan AM. Effects of kiwi's pectin methylesterase inhibitor, nanomilling and pasteurization on orange juice quality. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6367-6379. [PMID: 33312523 PMCID: PMC7723186 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pectin methylesterase (PME) is the enzyme responsible for phase separation and cloud loss in orange juice (OJ) manufacturing. The effect of kiwi's PME inhibitor (PMEI), nanomilling, and pasteurization on OJ quality was evaluated. The microbial quality, PME activity, OJ separation, pH, ascorbic acid content and the sensory characteristics of the juice were followed during 5 weeks storage (4°C). PMEI as freeze-dried kiwi powder (0.3%, w/w) succeeded in inhibiting 89.3% of the OJ PME without affecting the microbial and the sensory quality. Nanomilling of OJ pulp, to prepare nano-particles OJ (NPOJ), reduced the initial microbial load by 1.65 and 1.83 log for psychrotrophs and yeasts and molds, respectively; significantly (p < .05) inactivated 40.9% of the residual PME activity and the juice separation was significantly reduced by 48.3% (after 14 days of storage). Nanomilling exhibited no effect on OJ pH, but slight (p < .05) decrease in ascorbic acid content was noted. The combination of PMEI with NPOJ resulted in improved OJ stability with reduced separation to 36.4% of that of control. Such combination also allowed to use a lower pasteurization temperature at lower exposure time (60°C/5 min) needed to obtain new NPOJ with comparable high quality as fresh OJ and which has a shelf life of 3 weeks (4°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Bazaraa
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Abdalla S. Ammar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
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L'Enfant M, Kutudila P, Rayon C, Domon JM, Shin WH, Kihara D, Wadouachi A, Pelloux J, Pourceau G, Pau-Roblot C. Lactose derivatives as potential inhibitors of pectin methylesterases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1140-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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