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Shpotyuk O, Lukáčová Bujňáková Z, Baláž P, Kovalskiy A, Sznajder M, Cebulski J, Shpotyuk Y, Demchenko P, Syvorotka I. Equimolar As 4S 4/Fe 3O 4 Nanocomposites Fabricated by Dry and Wet Mechanochemistry: Some Insights on the Magnetic-Fluorescent Functionalization of an Old Drug. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1726. [PMID: 38673084 PMCID: PMC11051269 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites from an equimolar As4S4/Fe3O4 cut section have been successfully fabricated from coarse-grained bulky counterparts, employing two-step mechanochemical processing in a high-energy mill operational in dry- and wet-milling modes (in an aqueous solution of Poloxamer 407 acting as a surfactant). As was inferred from the X-ray diffraction analysis, these surfactant-free and surfactant-capped nanocomposites are β-As4S4-bearing nanocrystalline-amorphous substances supplemented by an iso-compositional amorphous phase (a-AsS), both principal constituents (monoclinic β-As4S4 and cubic Fe3O4) being core-shell structured and enriched after wet milling by contamination products (such as nanocrystalline-amorphous zirconia), suppressing their nanocrystalline behavior. The fluorescence and magnetic properties of these nanocomposites are intricate, being tuned by the sizes of the nanoparticles and their interfaces, dependent on storage after nanocomposite fabrication. A specific core-shell arrangement consisted of inner and outer shell interfaces around quantum-confined nm-sized β-As4S4 crystallites hosting a-AsS, and the capping agent is responsible for the blue-cyan fluorescence in as-fabricated Poloxamer capped nanocomposites peaking at ~417 nm and ~442 nm, while fluorescence quenching in one-year-aged nanocomposites is explained in terms of their destroyed core-shell architectures. The magnetic co-functionalization of these nanocomposites is defined by size-extended heterogeneous shells around homogeneous nanocrystalline Fe3O4 cores, composed by an admixture of amorphous phase (a-AsS), nanocrystalline-amorphous zirconia as products of contamination in the wet-milling mode, and surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Shpotyuk
- Department of Optical Glass and Ceramics, O.G. Vlokh Institute of Physical Optics, 23, Dragomanov Str., 70005 Lviv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15, al. Armii Krajowej, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
- Scientific Research Company “Electron-Carat”, 202, Stryjska Str., 79031 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Zdenka Lukáčová Bujňáková
- Department of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Geotechnics of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 45, Watsonova Str., 04001 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Baláž
- Department of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Geotechnics of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 45, Watsonova Str., 04001 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Andriy Kovalskiy
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
| | - Małgorzata Sznajder
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 1, Pigonia Str., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.S.); (J.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jozef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 1, Pigonia Str., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.S.); (J.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaroslav Shpotyuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 1, Pigonia Str., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.S.); (J.C.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Sensor and Semiconductor Electronics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 107, Tarnavskoho Str., 79017 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Demchenko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 6-8, Kyryla i Myfodia Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Ihor Syvorotka
- Scientific Research Company “Electron-Carat”, 202, Stryjska Str., 79031 Lviv, Ukraine;
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Koehler JK, Schmager S, Bender V, Steiner D, Massing U. Preparation of Nanosized Pharmaceutical Formulations by Dual Centrifugation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1519. [PMID: 38004385 PMCID: PMC10675754 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual centrifugation (DC) is an innovative in-vial homogenization and in-vial nanomilling technique that has been in use for the preparation of liposomes for more than one decade. Since then, DC has continuously been developed for preparing various liposomes and other lipid nanoparticles including emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as well as polymersomes and nanocrystals. Improvements in equipment technology have been achieved over the past decade, so that DC is now on its way to becoming the quasi-standard for the simple, fast, and aseptic production of lipid nanoparticles and nanocrystals in small and medium batch sizes, including the possibility of simple and fast formulation screening or bedside preparations of therapeutic nanoparticles. More than 68 publications in which DC was used to produce nanoparticles have appeared since then, justifying an initial review of the use of DC for pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Koehler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Stefanie Schmager
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentin Bender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Denise Steiner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Massing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (J.K.K.); (S.S.); (V.B.)
- Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
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Guner G, Yilmaz D, Yao HF, Clancy DJ, Bilgili E. Predicting the Temperature Evolution during Nanomilling of Drug Suspensions via a Semi-Theoretical Lumped-Parameter Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although temperature can significantly affect the stability and degradation of drug nanosuspensions, temperature evolution during the production of drug nanoparticles via wet stirred media milling, also known as nanomilling, has not been studied extensively. This study aims to establish both descriptive and predictive capabilities of a semi-theoretical lumped parameter model (LPM) for temperature evolution. In the experiments, the mill was operated at various stirrer speeds, bead loadings, and bead sizes, while the temperature evolution at the mill outlet was recorded. The LPM was formulated and fitted to the experimental temperature profiles in the training runs, and its parameters, i.e., the apparent heat generation rate Qgen and the apparent overall heat transfer coefficient times surface area UA, were estimated. For the test runs, these parameters were predicted as a function of the process parameters via a power law (PL) model and machine learning (ML) model. The LPM augmented with the PL and ML models was used to predict the temperature evolution in the test runs. The LPM predictions were also compared with those of an enthalpy balance model (EBM) developed recently. The LPM had a fitting capability with a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) lower than 0.9 °C, and a prediction capability, when augmented with the PL and ML models, with an RMSE lower than 4.1 and 2.1 °C, respectively. Overall, the LPM augmented with the PL model had both good descriptive and predictive capability, whereas the one with the ML model had a comparable predictive capability. Despite being simple, with two parameters and obviating the need for sophisticated numerical techniques for its solution, the semi-theoretical LPM generally predicts the temperature evolution similarly or slightly better than the EBM. Hence, this study has provided a validated, simple model for pharmaceutical engineers to simulate the temperature evolution during the nanomilling process, which will help to set proper process controls for thermally labile drugs.
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Parmar K, Oza K. Increase in Dissolution Rate of Zotepine via Nanomilling Process - Impact of Dried Nanocrystalline Suspensions on Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 34907489 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zotepine is an atypical antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, its poor dissolution properties limit its therapeutic efficacy. In this investigation, a series of nanosuspension-containing zotepine were prepared employing media milling method with an aim to improve its dissolution properties and oral bioavailability. Briefly, Box-Behnken design was applied to investigate the influence of various independent variables such as X1- amount of stabilizer, X2- amount of milling agent, and X3- milling time on the performance of the formulation. Dissolution studies revealed enhancement of dissolution rate as compared to pure drug. Solid state characterization (DSC, PXRD, and SEM) studies demonstrated no polymorphic changes in drug after lyophilization of media-milled nanosuspension. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of lyophilized nanosuspension was carried out in rat and the results exhibited significant improvement in Cmax and AUC0-t, about 450.0 and 287.45%, respectively, suggesting amelioration in oral bioavailability by 2.87-fold higher as compared to pure drug. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized lyophilized formulation at 40°C and 75% RH suggested stability of the nanocrystals for at least a 6-month period. The obtained nanocrystals successfully showed dissolution enhancement and improved oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug, zotepine.
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Abraham AM, Quintero C, Carrillo-Hormaza L, Osorio E, Keck CM. Production and Characterization of Sumac PlantCrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1051. [PMID: 34071143 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green extraction technologies, i.e., sustainable extraction techniques that reduce energy consumption, use renewable sources and result in less post-extraction wastes. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nanomill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increased the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 650% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. In fact, in this study, the PlantCrystal-technology was demonstrated to cause an efficient cell rupture of the sumac plant cells. This caused an efficient release of antioxidants and resulted in sumac PlantCrystals with a 6.5-fold higher antioxidant capacity when compared to non-processed sumac bulk material.
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Bazaraa WA, Ammar AS, Aqlan AM. Effects of kiwi's pectin methylesterase inhibitor, nanomilling and pasteurization on orange juice quality. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6367-6379. [PMID: 33312523 PMCID: PMC7723186 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pectin methylesterase (PME) is the enzyme responsible for phase separation and cloud loss in orange juice (OJ) manufacturing. The effect of kiwi's PME inhibitor (PMEI), nanomilling, and pasteurization on OJ quality was evaluated. The microbial quality, PME activity, OJ separation, pH, ascorbic acid content and the sensory characteristics of the juice were followed during 5 weeks storage (4°C). PMEI as freeze-dried kiwi powder (0.3%, w/w) succeeded in inhibiting 89.3% of the OJ PME without affecting the microbial and the sensory quality. Nanomilling of OJ pulp, to prepare nano-particles OJ (NPOJ), reduced the initial microbial load by 1.65 and 1.83 log for psychrotrophs and yeasts and molds, respectively; significantly (p < .05) inactivated 40.9% of the residual PME activity and the juice separation was significantly reduced by 48.3% (after 14 days of storage). Nanomilling exhibited no effect on OJ pH, but slight (p < .05) decrease in ascorbic acid content was noted. The combination of PMEI with NPOJ resulted in improved OJ stability with reduced separation to 36.4% of that of control. Such combination also allowed to use a lower pasteurization temperature at lower exposure time (60°C/5 min) needed to obtain new NPOJ with comparable high quality as fresh OJ and which has a shelf life of 3 weeks (4°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Bazaraa
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Abdalla S. Ammar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
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Zhao L, Luo G, Cheng Y, Li X, Zhou S, Luo C, Wang J, Liao HG, Golberg D, Wang MS. Shaping and Edge Engineering of Few-Layered Freestanding Graphene Sheets in a Transmission Electron Microscope. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2279-2287. [PMID: 31846340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Full exploitation of graphene's superior properties requires the ability to precisely control its morphology and edge structures. We present such a structure-tailoring approach via controlled atom removal from graphene edges. With the use of a graphitic-carbon-capped tungsten nanoelectrode as a noncontact "milling" tool in a transmission electron microscope, graphene edge atoms approached by the tool tip are locally evaporated, thus allowing a freestanding graphene sheet to be tailored with high precision and flexibility. A threshold for the tip voltage of 3.6 ± 0.4 V, independent of polarity, is found to be the determining factor that triggers the controlled etching process. The dominant mechanisms involve weakening of carbon-carbon bonds through the interband excitation induced by tunneling electrons, assisted with a resistive-heating effect enhanced by high electric field, as elaborated by first-principles calculations. In addition to the precise shape and size control, this tip-based method enables fabrication of graphene edges with specific chiralities, such as "armchair" or "zigzag" types. The as-obtained edges can be further "polished" to become entirely atomically smooth via edge evaporation/reconstruction induced by in situ TEM Joule annealing. We finally demonstrate the potential of this technique for practical uses through creating a graphene-based point electron source, whose field emission characteristics can effectively be tuned via modifying its geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longze Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Luo
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2nd George Str., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, and Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Chin WWL, Parmentier J, Widzinski M, Tan EH, Gokhale R. A brief literature and patent review of nanosuspensions to a final drug product. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2980-99. [PMID: 25099918 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Particle size reduction can be used for enhancing the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs in order to enhance bioavailability. In nanosuspensions, the particle size of the drug is reduced to nanometer size. Nanosuspensions after downstream processing into drug products have successfully shown its impact on formulation design, the augmentation of product life cycle, patent life, and therapeutic efficacy. Formulation considerations for the nanosuspension formulation, its processing into a solid form, and aspects of material characterization are discussed. Technology assessments and feasibility of upstream processes for nanoparticle creation, and subsequently transformation into a drug product via the downstream processes have been reviewed. This paper aims to bridge formulation and process considerations along with patent reviews and may provide further insight into understanding the science and the white space. An analysis of current patent outlook and future trends is described to fully understand the limitations and opportunities in intellectual property generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wei Lim Chin
- AbbVie Pte Ltd., Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #05-06, 138667, Singapore
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Gozen BA, Ozdoganlar OB. A Rotating-Tip-Based Mechanical Nano-Manufacturing Process: Nanomilling. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010; 5:1403-1407. [PMID: 20730128 PMCID: PMC2920414 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a rotating-tip-based mechanical nanomanufacturing technique, referred to here as nanomilling. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe tip that is rotated at high speeds by out-of-phase motions of the axes of a three-axis piezoelectric actuator is used as the nanotool. By circumventing the high-compliance AFM beam and directly attaching the tip onto the piezoelectric actuator, a high-stiffness arrangement is realized. The feeding motions and depth prescription are provided by a nano-positioning stage. It is shown that nanomilling is capable of removing the material in the form of long curled chips, indicating shearing as the dominant material removal mechanism. Feature-size and shape control capabilities of the method are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arda Gozen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - O Burak Ozdoganlar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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