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Differentially expressed whey proteins of donkey and bovine colostrum revealed with a label-free proteomics approach. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang Z, Huang B, Wang Y, Zhu M, Liu G, Wang C. A survey report on the donkey original breeding farms in China: Current aspects and future prospective. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1126138. [PMID: 37008357 PMCID: PMC10060844 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1126138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of the large-scale donkey breeding farms in China has increased dramatically. However, information regarding the situation of a Chinese donkey population under large-scale donkey breeding farms is limited. Methods This survey report was conducted using questionnaires online to investigate the current situation of the donkey original breeding farms in China, in terms of donkey stock, local breeds, reproductive parameters, growth and lactation performance, and future perspectives. China has developed the donkey reserve system based on national, provincial and non-governmental (self-own) donkey original breeding farms. Results In the present study, a total of 38 donkey original breeding farms concentrated in Northern of China were studied, and 52% of them keep their donkeys with a stocking density of 100-500 donkeys. China is rich in various local donkey breeds, and 16 local donkey breeds including large-sized, medium-sized and small-sized breeds were collected in our survey. Dezhou donkey are prevalent with a percentage of more than 57% of the total donkeys, while the Cullen donkeys belong to small-sized donkey breeds are scare. The reproductive efficiency and donkey productivity were different across donkey farms, indicating potential differences in management and breeding practices between different donkey original breeding farms. The artificial insemination has been performed in these donkey farms with an average proportion of 73%. Regarding the donkey productivity, the national and provincial donkey original breeding farms showed a higher birthweight and fat content in donkey milk than self-own farms. Furthermore, our results indicate that the donkey breeds with different body size also have important influence on the reproduction parameters and donkey productivity, with the large-sized donkeys had better performance compared to the small-sized donkeys. Discussion In summary, our survey provided valuable baseline information on the situation of donkey population dynamics in the donkey original breeding farms. However, further study is required in the future to investigate the factors such as donkey health care, management and nutrition during breeding, fattening and lactation that influence donkey productivity under large-scale farm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Zhao Q, Li K, Jiang K, Yuan Z, Xiao M, Wei G, Zheng W, Wang X, Huang A. Proteomic approach-based comparison of metabolic pathways and functional activities of whey proteins derived from Guishan and Saanen goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2247-2260. [PMID: 36870847 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Guishan goats, a unique goat breed in Yunnan Province, have a long history and representation, but their whey protein and function remain unclear. In this study, we carried out a quantitative analysis of the Guishan and Saanen goat whey proteome using a label-free proteomic approach. A total of 500 proteins were quantified from the 2 kinds of goat whey proteins, including 463 common proteins, 37 uniquely expressed whey proteins (UEWP), and 12 differentially expressed whey proteins (DEWP). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that UEWP and DEWP were mainly involved in cellular and immune system processes, membrane, and binding. In addition, UEWP and DEWP in Guishan goats participated primarily in metabolism and immune-related pathways, whereas Saanen goat whey proteins were associated mostly with environmental information processing-related pathways. Guishan goat whey promoted the growth of RAW264.7 macrophages more than Saanen goat whey, and significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This study provides a reference for further understanding these 2 goat whey proteins and finding functional active substances from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunlin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziyou Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangqiang Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Aixiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Dalaka E, Vassilakos D, Stefos GC, Kalogianni AI, Palamidi I, Gelasakis AI, Politis I, Theodorou G. Utilization of 2D and 3D cell cultures for the modelling of intramammary infection in sheep. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1015982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine mastitis is defined as the inflammation of the sheep udder, most commonly caused in response to intramammary infections. Based on the occurrence of clinical signs, mastitis is characterized as either clinical or subclinical (SCM). The impact of ovine SCM on the overall sustainability of dairy sheep farms has been substantially documented underpinning the significance of efficient diagnosis. Although SCM can be detected in cows, the performance and the validity of the methods used do not transfer in dairy sheep. This fact challenges the development of evidence-based ovine udder health management protocols and renders the detection and control of ovine mastitis rather problematic. Currently, cell culture-based models are being successfully used in biomedical studies and have also been effectively used in the case of bovine mastitis. The objective of the present study was to culture ovine primary mammary cells for the development of 2D and 3D cell culture-based models for the study of ovine mammary gland and to focus on the first stages of the intramammary infection by common mastitis-inducing pathogens. Cells were infected by E. coli and S. aureus mimicking the first stages of natural intramammary infections. The secreted proteins were subjected to mass-spectrometry resulting in the identification of a total of 79 distinct proteins. Among those, several had already been identified in healthy or mastitic milk, while others had not been previously detected for in the ovine mammary secretome. Our results suggest that the development of cell-based models for studying specific stages of intramammary infection has the potential to be beneficial for the udder health management in dairy sheep.
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Yue Y, Li L, Tong M, Li S, Zhao Y, Guo X, Guo Y, Shi B, Yan S. Effect of Varying Dietary Crude Protein Level on Milk Production, Nutrient Digestibility, and Serum Metabolites by Lactating Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162066. [PMID: 36009654 PMCID: PMC9405379 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Donkey milk, a functional food, can be used as a milk replacement for newborn nutrition, due to its similar chemical composition to maternal breast milk and hypoallergenic property, and may be useful in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. However, donkey milk yield is very low and cannot satisfy the demands of the market. Some research on dairy cows showed that increasing dietary crude protein levels can increase milk yield and milk component yields. Therefore, this study explored whether increasing dietary crude protein levels could promote the milk production of lactating donkeys. The results showed that increasing crude protein levels could improve milk performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating donkeys. The key finding of this study was that a diet containing 14.2% crude protein supplied adequate protein to improve milk production in lactating donkeys. Abstract Donkey milk is considered as a functional food due to its high levels of whey protein, and can be used in newborn nutrition, due to the nutritional similarities with human milk and its hypoallergenic property. However, donkey milk yield is very low and little is known about improving donkey milk yield by nutrition manipulation. The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) levels on milk production, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolites was investigated in the current study. Twenty-four lactating donkeys were randomly assigned to one of the following three CP content diets: 15.3% (HP), 14.2% (MP), and 13.1% (LP) of dry matter, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with the first two weeks being used for adaptation. The results showed that milk yield and yields of protein, lactose, solid-not-fat, total solid, and contents of protein, total solid and milk urea nitrogen in the HP and MP groups were higher than the LP group. No significant changes were observed in dry-matter intake, contents of milk fat, lactose or solid-not-fat. The feed conversion ratio, milk protein synthesis efficiency, and the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorous in the HP and MP groups were greater than the LP group. Serum total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen concentrations decreased, while concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate increased in the LP group compared with the HP and MP groups. In conclusion, the diet containing 14.2% CP supplied an adequate amount of protein for improving milk production in lactating donkeys, but milk production was not further increased by feeding the donkeys more than 14.2% CP.
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Tan X, He Y, Qin Y, Yan Z, Chen J, Zhao R, Zhou S, Irwin DM, Li B, Zhang S. Comparative analysis of differentially abundant proteins between high and low intramuscular fat content groups in donkeys. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951168. [PMID: 35967999 PMCID: PMC9364086 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important regulator that determines meat quality, and its content is closely related to flavor, tenderness, and juiciness. Many studies have used quantitative proteomic analysis to identify proteins associated with meat quality traits in livestock, however, the potential candidate proteins that influence IMF in donkey muscle are not fully understood. In this study, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis, with tandem-mass-tagged (TMT) labeling, with samples from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of the donkey. A total of 585,555 spectra were identified from the six muscle samples used in this study. In total, 20,583 peptides were detected, including 15,279 unique peptides, and 2,540 proteins were identified. We analyzed differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between LD muscles of donkeys with high (H) and low (L) IMF content. We identified 30 DAPs between the H and L IMF content groups, of which 17 were upregulated and 13 downregulated in the H IMF group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis of these DAPs revealed many GO terms (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor binding) and pathways (e.g., Wnt signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway) involved in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The construction of protein–protein interaction networks identified 16 DAPs involved in these networks. Our data provide a basis for future investigations into candidate proteins involved in IMF deposition and potential new approaches to improve meat quality in the donkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanchun Qin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglan Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojiang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bojiang Li
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Shuyi Zhang
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Zhang X, Jiang G, Ji C, Fan Z, Ge S, Li H, Wang Y, Lv X, Zhao F. Comparative Whey Proteome Profiling of Donkey Milk With Human and Cow Milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:911454. [PMID: 35845789 PMCID: PMC9282231 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.911454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM), similar to human milk (HM) in chemical composition, has been suggested as the best potential hypoallergenic replacement diet for babies suffering from Cow milk (CM) protein allergy. In order to better understand DM protein, many studies based on proteomic have been performed. In this study, the label-free quantitative proteomic approach was conducted to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed whey proteins (DEPs) in DM vs. HM group and DM vs. CM group. In total, 241 and 365 DEPs were found in these two groups, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs showed that the majority of DEPs participated in the lipoprotein metabolic process, regulation of cytokine production, chemical homeostasis, and catabolic process. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis found that these DEPs mainly participated in an antigen processing, complement, and coagulation cascades. These results may provide valuable information in the composition of milk whey proteins in DM, HM, and CM, especially for low abundant components, and expand our knowledge of different biological functions between DM and HM or CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Guimiao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaobin Fan
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Shihao Ge
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Haijing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Xin Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based TCM, Dong-E E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Fuwei Zhao
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, China
- *Correspondence: Fuwei Zhao
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Li M, Dong Y, Li W, Shen X, Abdlla R, Chen J, Cao X, Yue X. Characterization and comparison of whey proteomes from bovine and donkey colostrum and mature milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhan Y, Han Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang C. Estimation of Liveweight from Body Measurements through Best Fitted Regression Model in Dezhou Donkey Breed. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103457. [PMID: 33993924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dezhou donkey is an excellent local hide, meat and milk breed in Shandong Province. To accelerate the speed of breeding, reproduction and conversation, correlation and multiple regression analysis between body weight (BW) and body size of Dezhou donkey rearing under intensive farms was made by SAS 9.4 software (Statistical Analysis for Windows). A total of 162 donkeys of both gender of age 2 ~ 10 years old were used to investigate the relationships between BW and body dimensional traits (cm) including height of withers, body length; thoracic depth, thoracic girth (TG), thoracic width (TW), circumference of cannon bone (CB), height of rump, rump length (RL) and rump width (RW). The results showed that BW and body measurements have positive and great correlations with R2 value ranged from 0.58 to 0.88 (P <0.01). The R2 values from the single-parameter equations showed that the TG was highly related to BW (0.72, P < 0.01). The stepwise regression equations were applied to obtain the best prediction equations, and the results indicated that the prediction accuracy for BW was improved with the inclusion of more body measurement variables. The "best fit" models were: BW (kg) = 1.88 × TG + 1.27 × BL + 2.55 × TW + 4.61 × CB + 2.18 × RW + 1.78 × RL - 422.8 (R2 = 0.906, P < .01). The predicted BW from the present equations showed the nearest value to the real BW (R2 > 0.94, P < .01). In addition, the equations derived to predict the BW of donkeys in Britain, Morocco were less satisfactory for use with the present Dezhou donkey breed because they overestimated or underestimated the BW due to the different donkey breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yandong Zhan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ying Han
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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Liao Q, Li Z, Han Y, Deng L. Comparative Analysis of Serum Mineral and Biochemical Parameter Profiles Between Late Pregnant and Early Lactating Jennies. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103401. [PMID: 33781411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile change of serum trace and major elements, and biochemical and hematological parameters in jennies during late pregnancy and early lactation. Twenty-five healthy Chinese Liaoxi jennies were used in late pregnancy and early lactation. Results showed that the levels of Fe, total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were highly variable interindividual among the jennies. Early lactating jennies showed significantly lower serum levels of K, Se, AST, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride than late pregnant jennies (P < .05). Principal component analysis identified six and five principal components of serum mineral and biochemical parameters for late pregnant and early lactating jennies, respectively, which was supported by the cluster analysis findings. Strong clustering of serum Cu-Mn, iPhos-Se-TP, and Ca-Zn-alanine aminotransferase-TC was found in the late pregnant jennies, and strong clustering of serum Ca-Zn-Se-Mn-albumin, Na-Fe-AST-triglyceride, and K-Mg-Cu-TP was observed in the early lactating jennies. The study suggests a significant variation in the serum levels of mineral and biochemical parameters in late pregnant and early lactating jennies, which is valuable in estimating their physiological status and providing proper health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Liao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Shenyang, PR China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Shenyang, PR China.
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Li B, Feng C, Zhu S, Zhang J, Irwin DM, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang S. Identification of Candidate Circular RNAs Underlying Intramuscular Fat Content in the Donkey. Front Genet 2020; 11:587559. [PMID: 33424924 PMCID: PMC7793956 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.587559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a crucial indicator of meat quality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that are involved in many physiological processes. However, the expression and function of circRNA in IMF in the donkey remains unresolved. Here we performed an expression profiling of circRNAs in the donkey longissimus dorsi muscle and identified 12,727 candidate circRNAs. Among these, 70% were derived from the exons of protein genes. Furthermore, a total of 127 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified in high (H) and low (L) IMF content groups, including 63 upregulated and 64 downregulated circRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the host genes of the DE circRNAs showed that the host genes were enriched in lipid metabolism related GO terms (e.g., fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and MLL3/4 complex), and signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-beta and lysine degradation signaling pathway). Further analyses indicated that 127 DE circRNAs were predicted to potentially interact with miRNAs, leading to the construction of circRNA-miRNA regulatory network. Multiple circRNAs can potentially function as sponges of miRNAs that regulate the differentiation of adipocytes. Our results provide valuable expression profile information for circRNA in the donkey and new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the regulation of IMF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyu Feng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Liaoning Province Engineering Center of Modern Agricultural Production Base, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Li Y, Fan Y, Shaikh AS, Wang Z, Wang D, Tan H. Dezhou donkey (Equus asinus) milk a potential treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112221. [PMID: 31494203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Donkey (Equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. In addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. Chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the donkey milk's components and anti-diabetic effect of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo and to study the molecular mechanism of donkey milk was an anti-diabetic medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the gastrointestinal digested donkey milk was simulated in vitro and its products of protein digestion were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. We then performed cell viability assay, insulin secretion assay, animal experiments and ELISA assays to study the anti-diabetic effect of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo. Donkey milk's anti-diabetic molecular mechanism and specific targets were detected by using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Lysozyme (LZ) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) exhibited significantly lower digestibility and higher retention than the other components of donkey milk. In vitro, 500 μg/mL of donkey milk could improve damaged β-cells viability significantly (P < 0.0001). In vivo, the blood glucose and HOMA-IR of diabetic rats treated with donkey milk were 14.23 ± 5.18 mM and 74.94 ± 23.62, respectively, whereas the diabetic group were 22.18 ± 2.23 mM and 112.16 ± 18.44, respectively (P < 0.01). The SOD value of donkey milk group was 265.87 ± 21.29 U/L, while the SOD value of diabetic group was 193.20 ± 52.07 U/L (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the blood glucose was reduced, the ability of the body to eliminate free radicals was enhanced, antioxidant levels in the body was increased, insulin resistance was improved in type 2 diabetic rats after donkey milk powder fed for 4 weeks. Furthermore, donkey milk could treat diabetes through down-regulating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC). CONCLUSIONS Donkey milk has played an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and contributed to the development of the donkey milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Abdul Sami Shaikh
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China; Dong-E E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Done-E Country, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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