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Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Janela JS, Varela CL, Costa SC, da Silva ET, Fernandes E, Roleira FMF. Plant-derived and dietary phenolic cinnamic acid derivatives: Anti-inflammatory properties. Food Chem 2024; 459:140080. [PMID: 38986205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cinnamic acids are aromatic acids primarily found in plants and plant-derived food. Phenolic cinnamic acids, with one or more hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring, often contribute to the biological activities attributed to these compounds. The presence of hydroxyl groups and a carboxyl group makes cinnamic acids very hydrophilic, preventing them from crossing biological membranes and exerting their biological activities. To alleviate this condition, a panel of synthetic modifications have been made leading to a diverse set of phenolic cinnamic structures. In this review, an overview of the natural phenolic cinnamic acid derivatives and their plant sources (more than 200) is described. The synthetic approaches to obtain the referred derivatives (more than 200) namely esters and amides are reviewed. Further, their anti-inflammatory activity (more than 70 compounds) is scrutinized. Finally, future directions will be indicated to translate the research on phenolic cinnamic derivatives into potentially effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente da Universidade dos Açores, Portugal.
| | - João S Janela
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla L Varela
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Saul C Costa
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elisiário Tavares da Silva
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda M F Roleira
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang L, Lu J. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) polyphenols and inflammatory bowel diseases: Major phytochemicals, functional properties, and health effects. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106074. [PMID: 38906386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Major polyphenols in Rosmarinus officinalis L. primarily consist of phenolic acids, phenolic diterpenes, and flavonoids, all of which have pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have found that rosemary polyphenols have the potential to decrease the severity of intestinal inflammation. The beneficial effects of rosemary polyphenols were associated with anti-inflammatory properties, including improved gut barrier (increased mucus secretion and tight junction), increased antioxidant enzymes, inhibiting inflammatory pathways and cytokines (downregulation of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasomes, STAT3 and activation of Nrf2), and modulating gut microbiota community (increased core probiotics and SCFA-producing bacteria, and decreased potential pathogens) and metabolism (changes in SCFA and bile acid metabolites). This paper provides a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of rosemary polyphenols and suggests that rosemary polyphenols might be employed as strong anti-inflammatory agents to prevent intestinal inflammation and lower the risk of inflammatory bowel disease and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing 100070, China
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3
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Hu W, Zhao J, Hu Y, Song S, Chen X, Sun Y. Huangqi Jiuni decoction prevents acute kidney injury induced by severe burns by inhibiting activation of the TNF/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117344. [PMID: 37949330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangqi Jiuni decoction (HQJND) is a prescription for the treatment of severe burns provided based on traditional Chinese and Western medicine, which is created by the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. It consists of 12 herbs and has been used clinically for decades. It has greatly shortened the course of the disease, but the mechanism by which HQJND treats the disease still remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Hence, the objective of this investigation was to utilize modern pharmacological tools to demonstrate the efficacy and mechanism of HQJND in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by severe burns. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the chemical constituents in HQJND were first examined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Then, by using network pharmacology, we screened the targets of drug and disease action, and predicted the signaling pathways acting in the course of drug treatment of disease. Finally, we attempted to verify the efficacy of the drug and explored its therapeutic mechanism after the establishment of an animal model, herbal gavage treatment, collection of rat kidneys and serum for renal function, quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), Western Blotting (WB), Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The 14 important active ingredients in HQJND was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, while network pharmacology screening was performed to identify 353 disease-associated marker genes and 286 drug targets, finally identifying the TNF/NF-κB (tumor necrosis factor/nuclear factor kappa-B) signaling site: the key pathway of burn-induced acute kidney injury when HQJND intervened. The serum renal function and histopathology of rats demonstrated that the use of HQJND significantly improved the renal function in severe burns. RT-qPCR and WB confirmed that the TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the Model group of rats, and HQJND could curb the signaling pathway because it moderated the expressions of key proteins in the process. CONCLUSION Based on modern pharmacology, we explored an effective herbal preparation to ameliorate the impairment of renal function after severe burns, which is most likely to function through the TNF/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxuan Hu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China; Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 80, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 80, Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Xulin Chen
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Yexiang Sun
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China.
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4
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Park JE, Han JS. Improving the Effect of Ferulic Acid on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating the JNK/ERK and NF-κB Pathways in TNF-α-Treated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 38257186 PMCID: PMC10819237 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, ferulic acid was investigated for its potential in suppressing TNF-α-treated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes. Ferulic acid suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. TNF-α increased p-JNK and ERK1/2, but treatment with ferulic acid (1, 10, and 50 μM) decreased p-JNK and ERK1/2. TNF-α induced the activation of IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 compared to the control, but ferulic acid inhibited the activation of IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65. Following treatment with TNF-α, pIRS-1ser307 increased and pIRS-1tyr612 decreased compared to the control. Conversely, as a result of treatment with 1, 10, and 50 μM ferulic acid, pIRS-1ser307 was suppressed, and pIRS-1tyr612 was increased. Therefore, ferulic acid reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating JNK, ERK, and NF-κB and improved insulin resistance by suppressing pIRS-1ser. These findings indicate that ferulic acid can improve inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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Al-Btoush HA, Al-Sha'er MA. In silico Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Based Multifunctional Conjugates as Potential Drug Candidates. Med Chem 2024; 20:232-244. [PMID: 37448367 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230713161434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has shown that ferulic acid (FA, trans-4-hydroxy-3- methoxycinnamic acid) has remarkable antioxidant properties and a wide range of biological activities. Conjugation of two or more biologically active compounds to produce a novel molecular scaffold is justified by the need to enhance biological activity against a single target or obtain a conjugate that behaves as a multi-target-directed ligand. In addition, the conjugation strategy decreases dose-dependent side effects by promoting the use of smaller doses of conjugated components to treat the disease. Moreover, the patient's compliance is positively affected when conjugating two active compounds into a single more active compound as this reduces the number of pills to be taken daily. OBJECTIVE This study aims to shed light on studies that design and synthesize FA-based hybrid compounds with enhanced biological activities and to in silico assess these compounds as potential drug candidates. METHODS The conjugate compounds were found by searching the literature using the keywords (ferulic acid-based hybrid or ferulic acid-based conjugate). To study conjugate pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity (ADMET), software suites from Biovia Inc. (San Diego, California) were integrated into Discovery Studio 4.5. The structures were created using ChemDraw Ultra 7.0. RESULTS 14 conjugates exhibiting variable biological activities were collected and three of them (compounds 3,5, and 6) in addition to the cis FA (compound 12) are the best-predicted compounds with low Daphnia toxicity and hepatotoxicity with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. CONCLUSION Cis FA, FA conjugates 3,5, and 6 act as good drug candidates that can be used to modify new hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat A Al-Btoush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Al-Sha'er
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
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Singh H, Agrawal DK. Recent advances in the development of active hybrid molecules in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 62:116706. [PMID: 35364524 PMCID: PMC9018605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial nature of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic disorders hinders in the effective treatment and management of many complex diseases. The conventional targeted therapies have limited applications due to highly complicated disease etiology. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of many of the CVDs due to their complex pathophysiology and co-morbidities. Their management with conventional medications results in failure due to adverse drug reactions and clinical specificity of solo-targeting drug therapy. Therefore, it is critical to introduce an alternative strategy to treat multi-factorial diseases. In the past few years, discovery and use of multi-targeted drug therapy with hybrid molecules have shown promising results with minimal side effects, and thus considered a most effective approach. In this review article, prominent hybrid molecules combining with different active moieties are reported to synergistically and simultaneously block different pathways involved in CVDs. Here, we provide a critical evaluation and discussion on their pharmacology with mechanistic insights and the structure activity relationship. The timely information provided in this article reveals the recent trends of molecular hybridization to the scientific community interested in CVDs and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeting drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammatory Potency Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Derivatives Obtained through Virtual Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111305. [PMID: 34768735 PMCID: PMC8583578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors such as ultraviolet rays can cause a continuous threat to our skin, resulting in inflammation or oxidation problems. Ferulic acid (FA), with certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used in many cosmetics, even used to treat various diseases in the clinic. In this study, the FA structural skeleton was used to search for FA derivatives. Then, molecular docking, the rule of five, and Veber rules were performed to virtually screen compounds that can bind to proteins with a good drug likeness. DPPH and ABTS were used to evaluate their antioxidant potency and an MTT assay was employed to investigate the toxicities of the compounds, while Griess Reaction System and ELISA were used to judge the concentration variations of NO and different inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Western blotting featured nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression levels. The trend of the intracellular changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by the DCFH-DA method and fluorescence staining. As a result, we found that the ferulic acid derivative S-52372 not only had certain scavenging effects on free radicals in biochemical experiments, but also prevented inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in the cellular environment; intracellular ROS and inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, were also suppressed. In a computer prediction, S-52372 owned better water solubility and lower toxicity than FA. This compound deserves further research to find an ideal FA derivative.
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Blockade of TLRs-triggered macrophage activation by caffeic acid exerted protective effects on experimental ulcerative colitis. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104364. [PMID: 33932876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) represents a relapsing and inflammatory bowel disease which is commonly linked with the communications between dysfunction of epithelium and mucosal immune responses. Though caffeic acid (CA) has numerous pharmacological capacities, whether CA demonstrates immunoregulation on the mucosal immune responses remains ill-defined. Herein, the present research demonstrated that CA could dramatically attenuate the mucosal inflammation, as evidenced by improving the disease severity, serum biochemical indexes, mucosal ulcerations, loss of epithelium and crypts, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic homogenates and explants culture. Consistently, CA could interfere with the infiltration and function of mononuclear macrophages in the mucosa, MLNs, and spleens of UC. Furthermore, CA exerted direct suppressive effects on the activation of BMDMs upon the exposure of TLRs agonists in vitro. Taken together, CA could attenuate DSS-induced murine UC through interfering with the activation of macrophages, which might provide an alternative therapeutic option for UC.
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Santos WHD, Yoguim MI, Daré RG, da Silva-Filho LC, Lautenschlager SOS, Ximenes VF. Development of a caffeic acid–phthalimide hybrid compound for NADPH oxidase inhibition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17880-17890. [PMID: 35480205 PMCID: PMC9033209 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are pharmacological targets for the treatment of inflammation-based diseases. This work presents the synthesis and study of a caffeic acid/phthalimide hybrid compound (C2) as a potential inhibitor of NADPH oxidases. Throughout the study, we have compared compound C2 with its precursor caffeic acid (C1). The redox properties were compared using three different antioxidant methodologies and showed that C2 was slightly less effective than C1, a well-established and robust antioxidant. However, C2 was three-fold more effective than albumin (used as a model protein). This chemical feature was decisive for the higher efficiency of C2 as an inhibitor of the release of superoxide anions by stimulated neutrophils and enzymatic activity of cell-free NADPH oxidase. Docking simulation studies were performed using the crystal structure of the recombinant dehydrogenase domain of the isoform NOX5 of C. stagnale, which retains the FAD cofactor (PDB: 5O0X). Considering that C2 could bind at the FAD redox site of NOX5, studies were conducted by comparing the interactions and binding energies of C1 and C2. The binding energies were −50.30 (C1) and −74.88 (C2) (kJ mol−1), which is in agreement with the higher efficacy of the latter as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. In conclusion, incorporating the phthalimide moiety into caffeic acid was decisive for its effectiveness as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. The incorporation of the phthalimide moiety into caffeic acid was decisive for its effectiveness as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurício Ikeda Yoguim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- UNESP – São Paulo State University
- Bauru
- Brazil
| | - Regina Gomes Daré
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Maringa State University (UEM)
- Maringa
- Brazil
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Zhong J, Qiu X, Yu Q, Chen H, Yan C. A novel polysaccharide from Acorus tatarinowii protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:464-475. [PMID: 32621930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has indicated that a crude polysaccharide derived from Acorus tatarinowii, AT50, remarkably improves learning and memory in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators. To further explore the bioactive constituents of AT50, a novel polysaccharide (ATP50-3) was purified, and its anti-neuroinflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms were investigated. ATP50-3 significantly reduced abnormal elevation of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory BV2 cells in vitro and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, ATP50-3 down-regulated LPS-induced protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), p-PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and p-Akt (protein kinase B). Further experiments demonstrated that TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor) and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) remarkably augmented ATP50-3's down-regulation on LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators. Importantly, ATP50-3 provided neuroprotection against neuroinflammation-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons by mitigating overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Taken together, our findings suggest that ATP50-3 exerts anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects through modulation of TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian Qiu
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhang Y, Zuo C, Han L, Liu X, Chen W, Wang J, Gui S, Peng C, Peng D. Uterine Metabolomics Reveals Protection of Taohong Siwu Decoction Against Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:507113. [PMID: 33041788 PMCID: PMC7518030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.507113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete abortion, a procedure for terminating pregnancy, will lead to abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), infections, and even death. Taohong Siwu decoction (TSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, which has been developed to treat AUB for hundreds of years. However, the mechanism of the protective effect of TSD against AUB is not clear. We performed mass spectrometry (MS) of uterine samples to observe metabolic profile resulting from the treatment with TSD. An integrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics approach combined with multivariate statistical analyses were used to investigate the metabolic profile of TSD against AUB. There was clear separation between pregnant and incomplete aborting rats as well as incomplete aborting and TSD administered rats. Based on random forest algorithm and receiver operator characteristic analysis, 12 biomarkers were optimized related to TSD administered. The effect of TSD on AUB are related to several pathways, such as AA metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first uterine metabolomics study focusing on TSD on AUB and provide a new perspective for explaining the mechanism of TSD on AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chijing Zuo
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Han
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Education Office of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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12
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He S, Guo Y, Zhao J, Xu X, Wang N, Liu Q. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Barrier Dysfunction via MicroRNA-200c-3p-Mediated Activation of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Caco-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:376. [PMID: 32308620 PMCID: PMC7145943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important clinical problem in various acute and chronic pathological conditions. Ferulic acid (FA) can attenuate the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to uncover the protective effect of FA on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in a Caco-2 cell model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and the underlying mechanism. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with FA and then exposed to LPS stimulation. The barrier function of Caco-2 cells was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial resistance (TER) and 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4) flux, and analyzing the tight junction protein expression and structure. The results showed that decreased TER and increased FITC-FD4 flux were observed in Caco-2 cells stimulated with LPS, but these effects were attenuated by FA pretreatment. FA pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced decrease in occludin and ZO-1 mRNA and protein expression. LPS stimulation decreased miR-200c-3p expression, whereas this decrease was inhibited by FA pretreatment. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-200c-3p strengthened the protective effects of FA on LPS-induced Caco-2 cell barrier dysfunction by decreasing epithelial permeability, increasing occludin and ZO-1 protein expression, and maintaining of ZO-1 protein distribution, while suppression of miR-200c-3p reversed the protective effects of FA. LPS treatment increased the expression of PTEN protein and decreased expression of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT proteins. However, pretreatment of FA inhibited expression of PTEN protein and promoted activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the LPS-treated Caco-2 cells, and this regulatory effect of FA on the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was strengthened or weakened by miR-200c-3p overexpression or suppression, respectively. Our findings suggested that in Caco-2 cells, FA promotes activation of PI3K/AKT pathway by miR-200c-3p-mediated suppression of the negative mediator PTEN, which, in turn, maintains TJ function and thus ameliorates LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Neuroprotective Effects of Apple-Derived Drinks in a Mice Model of Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1901017. [PMID: 31837654 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fruit-derived drinks consumption is considered beneficial due to the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of polyphenols separately, but studies including their total constituents are scarce. In this work, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of apple-derived beverages are determined in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Preliminary antioxidant and neuroinflammatory experiments are carried out with 15 drink polyphenolic extracts in SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells, using H2 O2 as pro-oxidant and LPS as pro-inflammatory stimulus, respectively. Extracts improve antioxidant systems functioning and present neuroprotective mitochondrial-related effects. In microglia, extracts reduce reactive oxygen species and modulate cytokine release. To better mimic human consumption, four concentrated dealcoholized apple-derived drinks (three ciders and apple juice) are supplied to mice for 7 days in substitution of drinking water. Mice treated with beverages present reduced brain oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after LPS injection. Interestingly, genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels are also greatly augmented after drink intake. CONCLUSION The results confirm the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-mediated neuroprotective properties of apple-derived drinks, suggesting that their consumption could be a good approach for prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of cider neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad, de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad, de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain.,Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, 27003, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad, de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad, de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain
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Caffeates and Caffeamides: Synthetic Methodologies and Their Antioxidant Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2592609. [PMID: 31815016 PMCID: PMC6877993 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2592609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the hydroxycinnamate metabolites more widely distributed in plant tissues. It is present in many food sources, including coffee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider, and also in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis. Its derivatives are also known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities, and can contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. This review is an overview of the available information about the chemical synthesis and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derivatives. Considering the relevance of these compounds in human health, many of them have been the focus of reviews, taking as a center their obtaining from the plants. There are few revisions that compile the chemical synthesis methods, in this way, we consider that this review does an important contribution.
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