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Cui T, Wang X, Hu J, Lin T, Hu Z, Guo H, Huang G, Hu G, Zhang C. Molybdenum and cadmium co-exposure induces CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway mediated-autophagy by subcellular calcium redistribution in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111974. [PMID: 36027844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic environmental pollutants. Our previous research confirmed excessive Mo and Cd co-induced calcium homeostasis disorder and autophagy in duck kidneys, but how calcium ion (Ca2+) regulates autophagy is unclear. The results revealed that the Mo- and/or Cd-induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) increase mainly came from intracellular calcium stores. Mo and/or Cd caused mitochondrial Ca2+ content ([Ca2+]mit) and [Ca2+]c increase with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ content ([Ca2+]ER) decrease and upregulated calcium homeostasis-related factor expression levels, but 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) reversed subcellular Ca2+ redistribution. Increased Phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) activities and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) expression level were observed in Mo- and/or Cd-treated cells, which was reversed by the PLC inhibitor U-73122. 2-APB and 1,2-Bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) addition mitigated [Ca2+]c and autophagy (variations in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), LC3B-II/LC3B-I, autophagy related 5 (ATG5), sequestosome-1(P62), programmed cell death-1 (Beclin-1) and Dynein expression levels, LC3 puncta, autophagosomes and acid vesicle organelles) under Mo and/or Cd treatment, respectively, while thapsigargin (TG) had the opposite impacts. Additionally, the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor STO-609 reversed the increased CaMKKβ, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Beclin-1, and LC3B-II/LC3B-I protein expression levels and reduced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and P62 protein expression levels in Mo- and/or Cd-exposed cells. Collectively, the results confirmed that [Ca2+]c overload resulted from PLC/IP3/IP3R pathway-mediated ER Ca2+ release, and then activated autophagy by the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway in Mo- and/or Cd-treated duck renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cui
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junyu Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianjin Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhisheng Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China..
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Markowitsch SD, Vakhrusheva O, Schupp P, Akele Y, Kitanovic J, Slade KS, Efferth T, Thomas A, Tsaur I, Mager R, Haferkamp A, Juengel E. Shikonin Inhibits Cell Growth of Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma by Activating the Necrosome Complex and Inhibiting the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051114. [PMID: 35267423 PMCID: PMC8909272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains a major challenge in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), making more effective treatment strategies crucial. Shikonin (SHI) from traditional Chinese medicine has exhibited antitumor properties in several tumor entities. We, therefore, currently investigated SHI's impact on progressive growth and metastatic behavior in therapy-sensitive (parental) and therapy-resistant Caki-1, 786-O, KTCTL-26, and A498 RCC cells. Tumor cell growth, proliferation, clonogenic capacity, cell cycle phase distribution, induction of cell death (apoptosis and necroptosis), and the expression and activity of regulating and signaling proteins were evaluated. Moreover, the adhesion and chemotactic activity of the RCC cells after exposure to SHI were investigated. SHI significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and clone formation in parental and sunitinib-resistant RCC cells by G2/M phase arrest through down-regulation of cell cycle activating proteins. Furthermore, SHI induced apoptosis and necroptosis by activating necrosome complex proteins. Concomitantly, SHI impaired the AKT/mTOR pathway. Adhesion and motility were cell line specifically affected by SHI. Thus, SHI may hold promise as an additive option in treating patients with advanced and therapy-resistant RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha D. Markowitsch
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Olesya Vakhrusheva
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Patricia Schupp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Yasminn Akele
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Jovana Kitanovic
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Kimberly S. Slade
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - René Mager
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.D.M.); (O.V.); (P.S.); (Y.A.); (J.K.); (K.S.S.); (A.T.); (I.T.); (R.M.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-5433; Fax: +49-6131-17-4410
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Wu L, Xu S, Cheng X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu J, Bao J, Yu H, Lu R. Capsaicin inhibits the stemness of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells by triggering autophagy-lysosome mediated OCT4A degradation. Phytother Res 2022; 36:938-950. [PMID: 35076979 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is a well-known anti-cancer agent. Recently, we reported capsaicin-induced apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. It is well accepted that the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for the dedifferentiation of ATC, the most lethal subtype of thyroid cancer with highly dedifferentiation status. Whether CAP inhibited the ATC growth through targeting CSCs needed further investigation. In the present study, CAP was found to induce autophagy in ATC cells through TRPV1 activation and subsequent calcium influx. Meanwhile, CAP dose-dependently decreased the sphere formation capacity of ATC cells. The stemness-inhibitory effect of CAP was further by extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA). CAP significantly decreased the protein level of OCT4A in both 8505C and FRO cells. Furthermore, CAP-induced OCT4A degradation was reversed by autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and chloroquine, BAPTA-AM and capsazepine, but not proteasome inhibitor MG132. Collectively, our study firstly showed CAP suppressed the stemness of ATC cells partially via calcium-dependent autophagic degradation of OCT4A. Our study lent credence to the feasible application of capsaicin in limiting ATC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Song M, Zhang H, Chen Z, Yang J, Li J, Shao S, Liu J. Shikonin reduces hepatic fibrosis by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy via the platelet-activating factor-mitogen-activated protein kinase axis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:28. [PMID: 33262814 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a tissue repair process that occurs following various types of chronic liver injury and can develop into liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension or liver cancer without effective treatment. Shikonin has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor properties. Furthermore, shikonin has an additional effect of antagonizing tissue and organ fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms of action underlying shikonin against liver fibrosis. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU incorporation assays. Protein and mRNA expression levels were measured via western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Apoptosis was examined via flow cytometry and autophagy via transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the control group, shikonin did not significantly alter LX-2 cell viability at 0.2 µmol/ml, which was used as the intervention concentration. However, shikonin significantly inhibited fibrosis, as indicated by a decrease in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen-I in the TGF-β + shikonin group compared with the TGF-β group. The results indicated that shikonin potentially inhibited fibrosis via promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. Additionally, the results of the present study indicated that shikonin downregulated the expression levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in TGF-β-treated cells, which subsequently activated the MAPK signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell apoptosis and reduced autophagy. Collectively, the present study indicated that shikonin promoted cell apoptosis and suppressed autophagy via the PAF-MAPK axis in LX-2 cells, thus blocking the development of fibrosis. The results of the present study may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Sue Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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Wang L, Li M, Sha B, Hu X, Sun Y, Zhu M, Xu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Shi J, Li P, Hu T, Chen P. Inhibition of deubiquitination by PR-619 induces apoptosis and autophagy via ubi-protein aggregation-activated ER stress in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12919. [PMID: 33129231 PMCID: PMC7791184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeting the deubiquitinases (DUBs) has become a promising avenue for anti-cancer drug development. However, the effect and mechanism of pan-DUB inhibitor, PR-619, on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells remain to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PR-619 on ESCC cell growth and cell cycle was evaluated by CCK-8 and PI staining. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was performed to detect apoptosis. LC3 immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining were applied to examine autophagy. Intercellular Ca2+ concentration was monitored by Fluo-3AM fluorescence. The accumulation of ubi-proteins and the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein and CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS PR-619 could inhibit ESCC cell growth and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin B1 and upregulating p21. Meanwhile, PR-619 led to the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, induced ER stress and triggered apoptosis by the ATF4-Noxa axis. Moreover, the ER stress increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ and then stimulated autophagy through Ca2+ -CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling pathway. Ubiquitin E1 inhibitor, PYR-41, could reduce the accumulation of ubi-proteins and alleviate ER stress, G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PR-619-treated ESCC cells. Furthermore, blocking autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 enhanced the cell growth inhibition effect and apoptosis induced by PR-619. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an unrecognized mechanism for the cytotoxic effects of general DUBs inhibitor (PR-619) and imply that targeting DUBs may be a potential anti-ESCC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingda Zhu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Bu H, Liu D, Zhang G, Chen L, Song Z. AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Axis-Mediated Pathway Participates in Apoptosis and Autophagy Induction by Oridonin in Colon Cancer DLD-1 Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8533-8545. [PMID: 32904616 PMCID: PMC7457577 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s262022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oridonin has been demonstrated to exert strong antitumor activities in various types of human cancers. Our previous study established that oridonin induced the apoptosis of and exerted an inhibitory effect on colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms behind the antitumor effects of oridonin on colorectal cancer are not clearly known. This study explored whether autophagy was involved in antitumorigenesis effects caused by the usage of oridonin in colon cancer and examined whether the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway was involved in this process. METHODS Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assay. The distribution of cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were conducted to identify the key target genes and proteins involved in the AMPK/mTOR cascade. AMPK siRNA was used to disturb AMPK expression. A DLD-1 cell orthotopic transplantation tumor model was established to explore the anti-cancer effects in vivo. RESULTS Oridonin exhibited a suppressive effect on DLD-1 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, in a dose-dependent manner, oridonin induced cell apoptosis via inducing the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and stimulated autophagy by increasing protein expression levels of Becin1, LC3-II, decreasing protein expression levels of LC3-I, p62, which were respectively attenuated and elevated by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Furthermore, oridonin upregulated the expression level of p-AMPK and downregulated the expression levels of p-mTOR, p-ULK1 in the DLD-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, knockdown of AMPK by a specific siRNA reversed the expression levels of proteins involved in the AMPK/mTOR pathway, autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, outcomes from the in vivo experiments also showed that oridonin treatment significantly repressed tumorigenic growth of DLD-1 cells without any side effects, which was accompanied by the upregulation of p-AMPK, LC3-II, active caspase-3 protein expression levels and the downregulation of p-mTOR and p-ULK1 protein expression levels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that oridonin induced apoptosis and autophagy of colon cancer DLD-1 cells via regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, which indicated that oridonin may be used as a novel therapeutic intervention for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Bu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310016, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Coloproctology Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianlei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310016, People’s Republic of China
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Peng Y, Guo L, Gu A, Shi B, Ren Y, Cong J, Yang X. Electroacupuncture alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome-like symptoms through improving insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress via enhancing autophagy in rats. Mol Med 2020; 26:73. [PMID: 32698821 PMCID: PMC7374902 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA), a treatment derived from traditional Chinese medicine, can effectively improve hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate whether EA could mitigate PCOS-like symptoms in rats by regulating autophagy. METHODS A rat model of PCOS-like symptoms was established by subcutaneous injection with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and then EA treatment at acupoints (ST29 and SP6) was carried out for 5 weeks. To inhibit autophagy in rats, intraperitoneal injection with 0.5 mg/kg 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) was performed at 30 min before each EA treatment. RESULTS EA intervention alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in rats, which was partly counteracted by the combination with 3-MA. Moreover, DHEA-exposure-induced deficient autophagy in skeletal muscle was improved by EA treatment. EA-mediated improvements in insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PCOS-like rats were counteracted by 3-MA pretreatment. Mechanically, EA attenuated autophagy deficiency-mediated insulin resistance in PCOS-like rats via inactivating mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that EA treatment ameliorates insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress through enhancing autophagy in a PCOS-like rat model. Our study provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the treatment of EA in PCOS, which offers more theoretic foundation for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Disease Prevention Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxin Gu
- Department of Radiation oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Shi
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Ren
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Yan C, Zhao J, Qin Y, Zhao F, Ji L, Zhang J. Overexpression of ATG4a promotes autophagy and proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis in lens epithelial cells via the AMPK and Akt pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1295-1302. [PMID: 32626969 PMCID: PMC7339427 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system that plays an important role in several biological processes. Although some studies indicate that autophagy may play a role in lens degradation and cataracts formation, its underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Autophagy-related gene 4a (ATG4a) cleaves autophagy-related protein 8 (Atg8) near the C terminus, allowing Atg8 to conjugate with phosphatidylethanolamine via the exposed glycine; although this is pivotal in cancer development, no study has yet linked it to eye diseases. In the present study, the protein expression of ATG4a is significantly upregulated in hydrogen peroxide-treated lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3), indicating that ATG4a may play an important role in lens degradation. ATG4a was overexpressed using lentivirus in lens epithelial cells to observe the effect of ATG4a on various phenotypes by transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, EdU incorporation assay, flow cytometry and in situ cell death detection. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of ATG4a could promote autophagy by promoting the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and inhibiting the Akt pathway. It also upregulated the proliferation and downregulated the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Overall, the present study showed that ATG4a plays a vital role in lens degradation and that it could be a potential target in cataract therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110059, P.R. China
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Chen J, Chen X, Xu D, Yang L, Yang Z, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhang P, Feng D, Liu J. Autophagy Induced by Proteasomal DUB Inhibitor NiPT Restricts NiPT-Mediated Cancer Cell Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:348. [PMID: 32292717 PMCID: PMC7119081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy–lysosome pathway (ALP) are two major systems for protein quality control (PQC) in eukaryotic cells. Interconnectivity between these two pathways has been suggested, but the molecular detail of how they impact each other remains elusive. Proteasomal deubiquitinase (DUB) is an important constituent in the UPS and has proved to be a novel anticancer target. We have previously found that a novel DUB inhibitor, nickel complex NiPT, induces apoptosis in both cultured tumor cell lines and cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia human patients. In this study, we found that NiPT triggered autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NiPT targets two DUBs, USP14, and UCHL5, and increased the total cellular level of polyubiquitination. Deletion of the Ubiquitin Associated (UBA) domain of P62 that is required for polyubiquitin binding prevented NiPT-induced autophagy. NiPT-induced autophagy is through either concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, or eliciting endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress by activating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NiPT could induce more lung cancer cells undergoing apoptosis if it synergistically uses autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that NiPT-induced autophagy protects cancer cell from death. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that autophagy inhibition enhances the anticancer effects of proteasomal DUB inhibitor and might be an effective treatment strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dacai Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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