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Martínez VS, Rodriguez K, McCubbin T, Tong J, Mahler S, Shave E, Baker K, Munro TP, Marcellin E. Amino acid degradation pathway inhibitory by-products trigger apoptosis in CHO cells. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300338. [PMID: 38375561 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to produce complex biopharmaceuticals. Improving their productivity is necessary to fulfill the growing demand for such products. One way to enhance productivity is by cultivating cells at high densities, but inhibitory by-products, such as metabolite derivatives from amino acid degradation, can hinder achieving high cell densities. This research examines the impact of these inhibitory by-products on high-density cultures. We cultured X1 and X2 CHO cell lines in a small-scale semi-perfusion system and introduced a mix of inhibitory by-products on day 10. The X1 and X2 cell lines were chosen for their varied responses to the by-products; X2 was susceptible, while X1 survived. Proteomics revealed that the X2 cell line presented changes in the proteins linked to apoptosis regulation, cell building block synthesis, cell growth, DNA repair, and energy metabolism. We later used the AB cell line, an apoptosis-resistant cell line, to validate the results. AB behaved similar to X1 under stress. We confirmed the activation of apoptosis in X2 using a caspase assay. This research provides insights into the mechanisms of cell death triggered by inhibitory by-products and can guide the optimization of CHO cell culture for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica S Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Rodriguez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy McCubbin
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Junjie Tong
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evan Shave
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Patheon, by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Patheon, by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- National Biologics Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Lu Q, Zhou J, Liu R, Wang S, Pu Y, Yin L. Trans-generational effects of copper on nerve damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131324. [PMID: 34225113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of copper has received great attention for a long time, however, trans-generational effects of copper have not been extensively investigated. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to evaluate the trans-generational toxicities of copper several physiological endpoints: growth, head thrashes and body bends and degree of neuronal damage. Copper significantly inhibited growth, body bends, head thrashes and caused degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a concentration-dependent manner in parental worms. Further we found oxidative damage was to underlying the onset of neuron degeneration. In our study copper promoted ROS accumulation, and led to an increased expression of the oxidative stress response-related genes sod-3 and a decreased expression of metal detoxification genes mtl-1 and mtl-2. Moreover, copper increased the fluorescence intensity of the transgenic strain that encodes the antioxidant enzyme SOD-3. Gradually decline in copper-induced impairments were observed in the filial generations without exposure. No growth impairment was shown in F3, the trend of head thrashes recovery gradually appeared in F2 and no growth impairment was shown in F3, the body bends impairment caused by the parental copper exposure was recovery until F4 and no growth impairment was shown in F5. Besides, dopamine neurons revealed damage related to neurobehavioral endpoints, with hereditary effects in the progeny together. In addition, sequencing results suggested that copper exposure could cause epigenetic changes. QRT-PCR results showed that differentially expressed genes can also be passed on to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Peng X, Dai C, Zhang M, Das Gupta S. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Protective Role of Quercetin on Copper Sulfate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:586033. [PMID: 33490128 PMCID: PMC7821355 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.586033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper overload is an established cause of nephrotoxicity, but the precise molecular mechanism remains unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of copper sulfate (CuSO4)-induced nephrotoxicity and the protective effect of the natural compound quercetin using a mouse model. Mice were orally administered CuSO4 only (200 mg/kg per day), or co-administered CuSO4 (200 mg/kg per day) plus quercetin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), or quercetin only (100 mg/kg per day), or vehicle for 28 days. The blood and kidneys were collected for the examination of serum biomarkers, oxidative stress biomarkers, changes in histopathology and gene and protein expression. Our results show that quercetin supplementation attenuates CuSO4-induced renal dysfunction and tubular necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin supplementation at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly attenuated CuSO4-induced oxidative damage. Quercetin supplementation also inhibited the activities of caspases-9 and-3, and the expression of p53 and Bax mRNAs. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation markedly activated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNAs, but inhibited the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNAs. In conclusion, our results revealed that quercetin supplementation could inhibit CuSO4-induced nephrotoxicity in mice via the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptotic and NF-κB pathways and the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our study highlights quercetin as a potential candidate in treating copper overload-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chongshan Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Subhajit Das Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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