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Jaafar L, Anderson CT. Architecture and functions of stomatal cell walls in eudicots and grasses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:195-204. [PMID: 38757189 PMCID: PMC11232514 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like all plant cells, the guard cells of stomatal complexes are encased in cell walls that are composed of diverse, interacting networks of polysaccharide polymers. The properties of these cell walls underpin the dynamic deformations that occur in guard cells as they expand and contract to drive the opening and closing of the stomatal pore, the regulation of which is crucial for photosynthesis and water transport in plants. SCOPE Our understanding of how cell wall mechanics are influenced by the nanoscale assembly of cell wall polymers in guard cell walls, how this architecture changes over stomatal development, maturation and ageing and how the cell walls of stomatal guard cells might be tuned to optimize stomatal responses to dynamic environmental stimuli is still in its infancy. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss advances in our ability to probe experimentally and to model the structure and dynamics of guard cell walls quantitatively across a range of plant species, highlighting new ideas and exciting opportunities for further research into these actively moving plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jaafar
- Department of Biology and Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Bioscience Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Bioscience Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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2
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Qin Z, Yan C, Yang K, Wang Q, Wang Z, Gou C, Feng H, Jin Q, Dai X, Maitikadir Z, Hao H, Wang L. Genome-wide identification of walnut (Juglans regia) PME gene family members and expression analysis during infection with Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis pathogens. Genomics 2024; 116:110860. [PMID: 38776985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Walnuts exhibit a higher resistance to diseases, though they are not completely immune. This study focuses on the Pectin methylesterase (PME) gene family to investigate whether it is involved in disease resistance in walnuts. These 21 genes are distributed across 12 chromosomes, with four pairs demonstrating homology. Variations in conserved motifs and gene structures suggest diverse functions within the gene family. Phylogenetic and collinear gene pairs of the PME family indicate that the gene family has evolved in a relatively stable way. The cis-acting elements and gene ontology enrichment of these genes, underscores their potential role in bolstering walnuts' defense mechanisms. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted under conditions of Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis infestation and verified by RT-qPCR. The results showed that certain JrPME family genes were activated in response, leading to the hypothesis that some members may confer resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Chengcai Yan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Qinpeng Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Changqing Gou
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Hongzu Feng
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Qiming Jin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xianxing Dai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Zulihumar Maitikadir
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Haiting Hao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
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3
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Comas-Serra F, Miró JL, Umaña MM, Minjares-Fuentes R, Femenia A, Mota-Ituarte M, Pedroza-Sandoval A. Role of acemannan and pectic polysaccharides in saline-water stress tolerance of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131601. [PMID: 38626833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of water and salinity stress on Aloe vera, focusing on the role of Aloe vera polysaccharides in mitigating these stresses. Pectins and acemannan were the most affected polymers. Low soil moisture and high salinity (NaCl 80 mM) increased pectic substances, altering rhamnogalacturonan type I in Aloe vera gel. Aloe vera pectins maintained a consistent 60 % methyl-esterification regardless of conditions. Interestingly, acemannan content rose with salinity, particularly under low moisture, accompanied by 90 to 150 % acetylation increase. These changes improved the functionality of Aloe vera polysaccharides: pectins increased cell wall reinforcement and interactions, while highly acetylated acemannan retained water for sustained plant functions. This study highlights the crucial role of Aloe vera polysaccharides in enhancing plant resilience to water and salinity stress, leading to improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Comas-Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca C.P. 07122, Spain
| | - José Luis Miró
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca C.P. 07122, Spain
| | - Mónica M Umaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca C.P. 07122, Spain
| | - Rafael Minjares-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca C.P. 07122, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 s/n, Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango, C.P. 35010, México.
| | - Antoni Femenia
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca C.P. 07122, Spain
| | - María Mota-Ituarte
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera Gómez Palacio-Chihuahua km 38, Bermejillo, Durango C.P. 35230, México
| | - Aurelio Pedroza-Sandoval
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera Gómez Palacio-Chihuahua km 38, Bermejillo, Durango C.P. 35230, México
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4
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Wu Y, Qiu CW, Cao F, Liu L, Wu F. Identification and characterization of long noncoding RNAs in two contrasting olive (Olea europaea L.) genotypes subjected to aluminum toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107906. [PMID: 37562203 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxcity is considered to be the primary factor limiting crop productivity in acidic soil. Many studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) fulfil a crucial role in plant growth and responses to different abiotic stress. However, identification and characterization of lncRNAs responsive to Al stress at a genome-wide level in olive tree is still lacking. Here, we performed comparative analysis on lncRNA transcriptome between Zhonglan (an Al-tolerant genotype) and Frantoio selezione (Al-sensitive) responding to Al exposure. A total of 19,498 novel lncRNAs were identified from both genotypes, and 6900 lncRNA-target pairs were identified as cis-acting and 2311 supposed to be trans-acting. Among them, 2076 lncRNAs were appraised as Al tolerance-associated lncRNAs due to their distinctly genotype-specific expression profiles under Al exposure. Target prediction and functional analyses revealed several key lncRNAs are related to genes encoding pectinesterases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, WRKY and MYB transcription factors, which mainly participate in the modification of cell wall for Al tolerance. Furthermore, gene co-expression network analysis showed 8 lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA modules participate in transcriptional regulation of downstream Al resistant genes. Our findings increased our understanding about the function of lncRNAs in responding to Al stress in olive and identified potential promising lncRNAs for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Cooperative Economics, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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5
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Kumar R, Meghwanshi GK, Marcianò D, Ullah SF, Bulone V, Toffolatti SL, Srivastava V. Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125385. [PMID: 37330097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes that play a critical role in modifying pectins, a class of complex polysaccharides in plant cell walls. These enzymes catalyze the removal of methyl ester groups from pectins, resulting in a change in the degree of esterification and consequently, the physicochemical properties of the polymers. PMEs are found in various plant tissues and organs, and their activity is tightly regulated in response to developmental and environmental factors. In addition to the biochemical modification of pectins, PMEs have been implicated in various biological processes, including fruit ripening, defense against pathogens, and cell wall remodelling. This review presents updated information on PMEs, including their sources, sequences and structural diversity, biochemical properties and function in plant development. The article also explores the mechanisms of PME action and the factors influencing enzyme activity. In addition, the review highlights the potential applications of PMEs in various industrial sectors related to biomass exploitation, food, and textile industries, with a focus on development of bioproducts based on eco-friendly and efficient industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Demetrio Marcianò
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sadia Fida Ullah
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Zeng Y, Song H, Xia L, Yang L, Zhang S. The responses of poplars to fungal pathogens: A review of the defensive pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107583. [PMID: 36875570 PMCID: PMC9978395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived tree species need to cope with changing environments and pathogens during their lifetime. Fungal diseases cause damage to trees growth and forest nurseries. As model system for woody plants, poplars are also hosts of a large variety of fungus. The defense strategies to fungus are generally associated with the type of fungus, therefore, the defense strategies of poplar against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus are different. Poplars initiate constitutive defenses and induced defenses based on recognition of the fungus, hormone signaling network cascades, activation of defense-related genes and transcription factors and production of phytochemicals. The means of sensing fungus invasion in poplars are similar with herbs, both of which are mediated by receptor proteins and resistance (R) proteins, leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), but poplars have evolved some unique defense mechanisms compared with Arabidopsis due to their longevity. In this paper, current researches on poplar defensive responses to necrotrophic and biotrophic fungus, which mainly include the physiological and genetic aspects, and the role of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in fungal resistance are reviewed. This review also provides strategies to enhance poplar disease resistance and some new insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Cheng M, Meng F, Qi H, Mo F, Wang P, Chen X, Wang A. Escaping drought: The pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene Slpmei27 can significantly change drought resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:207-217. [PMID: 36265205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress will lead to a decrease in tomato yield and poor flavour, yield and quality, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. Mining the key genes regulating tomato drought resistance is of great significance to improve the drought resistance of tomato plants. The cell wall can directly participate in the plant drought stress response as one of the main components of the cell wall, and the regulation of pectin content in plant drought resistance is still unclear. Here, the candidate gene Solyc08g006690 (Slpmei27) was obtained by fine mapping based on genome sequencing technology (BSA-seq) of late-maturing stress-resistant tomato mutants found in the field. Slpmei27 is expressed in the cell wall. The transient silencing of Slpmei27 by VIGS significantly improved the drought resistance of tomato. Meanwhile, Slpmei27 silencing could significantly change the cell wall structure of plants, change the stomatal pass rate, reduce the water loss rate of plants, improve the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, change the redox balance in plants, and thus improve the drought resistance of tomato. The promoter region of this gene contains a large number of hormone-response and stress-response binding sites. The promoter region of the Slpmei27 gene in the mutant could lower the expression of downstream genes. Through this study, the mechanism by which Slpmei27 improves tomato drought resistance was revealed, and the relationship between pectin methyl ester metabolism and plant drought resistance was established, providing a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality tomato materials with high drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhen Cheng
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Haonan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fulei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China.
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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8
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Guo S, Wang M, Song X, Zhou G, Kong Y. The evolving views of the simplest pectic polysaccharides: homogalacturonan. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2111-2123. [PMID: 35986766 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is an important component of cell wall polysaccharides and is important for normal plant growth and development. As a major component of pectin in the primary cell wall, homogalacturonan (HG) is a long-chain macromolecular polysaccharide composed of repeated α-1,4-D-GalA sugar units. At the same time, HG is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus in the form of methyl esterification and acetylation. It is then secreted into the plasmodesmata, where it is usually demethylated by pectin methyl esterase (PME) and deacetylated by pectin acetylase (PAE). The synthesis and modification of HG are involved in polysaccharide metabolism in the cell wall, which affects the structure and function of the cell wall and plays an important role in plant growth and development. This paper mainly summarizes the recent research on the biosynthesis, modification and the roles of HG in plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqiang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry On Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration With Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying, 257092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Cui M, Han S, Wang D, Haider MS, Guo J, Zhao Q, Du P, Sun Z, Qi F, Zheng Z, Huang B, Dong W, Li P, Zhang X. Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of the Comparative Transcriptome Identifies Hub Genes Associated With Resistance to Aspergillus flavus L. in Cultivated Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899177. [PMID: 35812950 PMCID: PMC9264616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a cosmopolitan oil crop, is susceptible to a variety of pathogens, especially Aspergillus flavus L., which not only vastly reduce the quality of peanut products but also seriously threaten food safety for the contamination of aflatoxin. However, the key genes related to resistance to Aspergillus flavus L. in peanuts remain unclear. This study identifies hub genes positively associated with resistance to A. flavus in two genotypes by comparative transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Compared with susceptible genotype (Zhonghua 12, S), the rapid response to A. flavus and quick preparation for the translation of resistance-related genes in the resistant genotype (J-11, R) may be the drivers of its high resistance. WGCNA analysis revealed that 18 genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins (PR10), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO1), MAPK kinase, serine/threonine kinase (STK), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytochrome P450, SNARE protein SYP121, pectinesterase, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein play major and active roles in peanut resistance to A. flavus. Collectively, this study provides new insight into resistance to A. flavus by employing WGCNA, and the identification of hub resistance-responsive genes may contribute to the development of resistant cultivars by molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Cui
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Suoyi Han
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Du Wang
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Junjia Guo
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Du
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feiyan Qi
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crop Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
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10
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Forand AD, Finfrock YZ, Lavier M, Stobbs J, Qin L, Wang S, Karunakaran C, Wei Y, Ghosh S, Tanino KK. With a Little Help from My Cell Wall: Structural Modifications in Pectin May Play a Role to Overcome Both Dehydration Stress and Fungal Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030385. [PMID: 35161367 PMCID: PMC8838300 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall structural modifications through pectin cross-linkages between calcium ions and/or boric acid may be key to mitigating dehydration stress and fungal pathogens. Water loss was profiled in a pure pectin system and in vivo. While calcium and boron reduced water loss in pure pectin standards, the impact on Allium species was insignificant (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, synchrotron X-ray microscopy showed the localization of exogenously applied calcium to the apoplast in the epidermal cells of Allium fistulosum. Exogenous calcium application increased viscosity and resistance to shear force in Allium fistulosum, suggesting the formation of calcium cross-linkages ("egg-box" structures). Moreover, Allium fistulosum (freezing tolerant) was also more tolerant to dehydration stress compared to Allium cepa (freezing sensitive). Furthermore, the addition of boric acid (H3BO3) to pure pectin reduced water loss and increased viscosity, which indicates the formation of RG-II dimers. The Arabidopsis boron transport mutant, bor1, expressed greater water loss and, based on the lesion area of leaf tissue, a greater susceptibility to Colletotrichum higginsianum and Botrytis cinerea. While pectin modifications in the cell wall are likely not the sole solution to dehydration and biotic stress resistance, they appear to play an important role against multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana D. Forand
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (A.D.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Y. Zou Finfrock
- Advanced Photo Source, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.L.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Miranda Lavier
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.L.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Jarvis Stobbs
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.L.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (A.D.F.); (S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (M.L.); (J.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Karen K. Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (A.D.F.); (S.W.)
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11
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Domozych DS, Kozel L, Palacio-Lopez K. The effects of osmotic stress on the cell wall-plasma membrane domains of the unicellular streptophyte, Penium margaritaceum. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1231-1249. [PMID: 33928433 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Penium margaritaceum is a unicellular zygnematophyte (basal Streptophyteor Charophyte) that has been used as a model organism for the study of cell walls of Streptophytes and for elucidating organismal adaptations that were key in the evolution of land plants.. When Penium is incubated in sorbitol-enhance medium, i.e., hyperosmotic medium, 1000-1500 Hechtian strands form within minutes and connect the plasma membrane to the cell wall. As cells acclimate to this osmotic stress over time, further significant changes occur at the cell wall and plasma membrane domains. The homogalacturonan lattice of the outer cell wall layer is significantly reduced and is accompanied by the formation of a highly elongate, "filamentous" phenotype. Distinct peripheral thickenings appear between the CW and plasma membrane and contain membranous components and a branched granular matrix. Monoclonal antibody labeling of these thickenings indicates the presence of rhamnogalacturonan-I epitopes. Acclimatization also results in the proliferation of the cell's vacuolar networks and macroautophagy. Penium's ability to acclimatize to osmotic stress offers insight into the transition of ancient zygnematophytes from an aquatic to terrestrial existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA.
| | - Li Kozel
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Kattia Palacio-Lopez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Ezquer I, Salameh I, Colombo L, Kalaitzis P. Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Insights into Plant Cell Wall Remodeling, Its Regulation, and Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E212. [PMID: 32041306 PMCID: PMC7076711 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell wall (CW) is a complex and intricate structure that performs several functions throughout the plant life cycle. The CW of plants is critical to the maintenance of cells' structural integrity by resisting internal hydrostatic pressures, providing flexibility to support cell division and expansion during tissue differentiation, and acting as an environmental barrier that protects the cells in response to abiotic stress. Plant CW, comprised primarily of polysaccharides, represents the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both in plants and in the biosphere. The CW structure is highly varied, not only between plant species but also among different organs, tissues, and cell types in the same organism. During the developmental processes, the main CW components, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and different types of CW-glycoproteins, interact constantly with each other and with the environment to maintain cell homeostasis. Differentiation processes are altered by positional effect and are also tightly linked to environmental changes, affecting CW both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The negative effect of climate change on the environment is multifaceted, from high temperatures, altered concentrations of greenhouse gases such as increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, soil salinity, and drought, to increasing frequency of extreme weather events taking place concomitantly, therefore, climate change affects crop productivity in multiple ways. Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase photosynthetic rates, especially at high temperatures and under water-limited conditions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on CW biogenesis and modification. We discuss specific cases in crops of interest carrying cell wall modifications that enhance tolerance to climate change-related stresses; from cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, or maize to dicots of interest such as brassica oilseed, cotton, soybean, tomato, or potato. This information could be used for the rational design of genetic engineering traits that aim to increase the stress tolerance in key crops. Future growing conditions expose plants to variable and extreme climate change factors, which negatively impact global agriculture, and therefore further research in this area is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ilige Salameh
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, Greece; (I.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, Greece; (I.S.); (P.K.)
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