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Pavlov DA, Corredera CS, Dehghany M, Heffler J, Shen KM, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Randell R, Uchida K, Jain R, Shenoy V, Lammerding J, Prosser B. Microtubule forces drive nuclear damage in LMNA cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.10.579774. [PMID: 38948795 PMCID: PMC11212868 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.579774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear homeostasis requires a balance of forces between the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Variants in LMNA disrupt this balance by weakening the nuclear lamina, resulting in nuclear damage in contractile tissues and ultimately muscle disease. Intriguingly, disrupting the LINC complex that connects the cytoskeleton to the nucleus has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate LMNA cardiomyopathy. Yet how LINC disruption protects the cardiomyocyte nucleus remains unclear. To address this, we developed an assay to quantify the coupling of cardiomyocyte contraction to nuclear deformation and interrogated its dependence on the lamina and LINC complex. We found that the LINC complex was surprisingly dispensable for transferring the majority of contractile strain into the nucleus, and that increased nuclear strain in Lmna-deficient myocytes was not rescued by LINC disruption. However, LINC disruption eliminated the cage of microtubules encircling the nucleus, and disrupting microtubules was sufficient to prevent nuclear damage induced by LMNA deficiency. Through computational modeling we simulated the mechanical stress fields surrounding cardiomyocyte nuclei and show how microtubule compression exploits local vulnerabilities to damage LMNA-deficient nuclei. Our work pinpoints localized, microtubule-dependent force transmission through the LINC complex as a pathological driver and therapeutic target for LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Amiad Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen Suay Corredera
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Dehghany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Heffler
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rani Randell
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Benjamin Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Coppini A, Falconieri A, Mualem O, Nasrin SR, Roudon M, Saper G, Hess H, Kakugo A, Raffa V, Shefi O. Can repetitive mechanical motion cause structural damage to axons? Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1371738. [PMID: 38912175 PMCID: PMC11191579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1371738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological structures have evolved to very efficiently generate, transmit, and withstand mechanical forces. These biological examples have inspired mechanical engineers for centuries and led to the development of critical insights and concepts. However, progress in mechanical engineering also raises new questions about biological structures. The past decades have seen the increasing study of failure of engineered structures due to repetitive loading, and its origin in processes such as materials fatigue. Repetitive loading is also experienced by some neurons, for example in the peripheral nervous system. This perspective, after briefly introducing the engineering concept of mechanical fatigue, aims to discuss the potential effects based on our knowledge of cellular responses to mechanical stresses. A particular focus of our discussion are the effects of mechanical stress on axons and their cytoskeletal structures. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulty of imaging these structures and the promise of new microscopy techniques. The identification of repair mechanisms and paradigms underlying long-term stability is an exciting and emerging topic in biology as well as a potential source of inspiration for engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oz Mualem
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Syeda Rubaiya Nasrin
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marine Roudon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Tsitkov S, Rodriguez JB, Bassir Kazeruni NM, Sweet M, Nitta T, Hess H. The rate of microtubule breaking increases exponentially with curvature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20899. [PMID: 36463258 PMCID: PMC9719553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, cylindrical assemblies of tubulin proteins with a 25 nm diameter and micrometer lengths, are a central part of the cytoskeleton and also serve as building blocks for nanobiodevices. Microtubule breaking can result from the activity of severing enzymes and mechanical stress. Breaking can lead to a loss of structural integrity, or an increase in the numbers of microtubules. We observed breaking of taxol-stabilized microtubules in a gliding motility assay where microtubules are propelled by surface-adhered kinesin-1 motor proteins. We find that over 95% of all breaking events are associated with the strong bending following pinning events (where the leading tip of the microtubule becomes stuck). Furthermore, the breaking rate increased exponentially with increasing curvature. These observations are explained by a model accounting for the complex mechanochemistry of a microtubule. The presence of severing enzymes is not required to observe breaking at rates comparable to those measured previously in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Tsitkov
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Juan B. Rodriguez
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Neda M. Bassir Kazeruni
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - May Sweet
- grid.256342.40000 0004 0370 4927Applied Physics Course, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- grid.256342.40000 0004 0370 4927Applied Physics Course, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Henry Hess
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, 351L Engineering Terrace, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 USA
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4
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Multiple roles for the cytoskeleton in ALS. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114143. [PMID: 35714755 PMCID: PMC10163623 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by more than sixty genes identified through classic linkage analysis and new sequencing methods. Yet no clear mechanism of onset, cure, or effective treatment is known. Popular discourse classifies the proteins encoded from ALS-related genes into four disrupted processes: proteostasis, mitochondrial function and ROS, nucleic acid regulation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Surprisingly, the mechanisms detailing the contribution of the neuronal cytoskeletal in ALS are the least explored, despite involvement in these cell processes. Eight genes directly regulate properties of cytoskeleton function and are essential for the health and survival of motor neurons, including: TUBA4A, SPAST, KIF5A, DCTN1, NF, PRPH, ALS2, and PFN1. Here we review the properties and studies exploring the contribution of each of these genes to ALS.
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Budaitis BG, Badieyan S, Yue Y, Blasius TL, Reinemann DN, Lang MJ, Cianfrocco MA, Verhey KJ. A kinesin-1 variant reveals motor-induced microtubule damage in cells. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2416-2429.e6. [PMID: 35504282 PMCID: PMC9993403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins drive the transport of cellular cargoes as they walk along microtubule tracks; however, recent work has suggested that the physical act of kinesins walking along microtubules can stress the microtubule lattice. Here, we describe a kinesin-1 KIF5C mutant with an increased ability to generate damage sites in the microtubule lattice as compared with the wild-type motor. The expression of the mutant motor in cultured cells resulted in microtubule breakage and fragmentation, suggesting that kinesin-1 variants with increased damage activity would have been selected against during evolution. The increased ability to damage microtubules is not due to the enhanced motility properties of the mutant motor, as the expression of the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A, which has similar single-motor motility properties, also caused increased microtubule pausing, bending, and buckling but not breakage. In cells, motor-induced microtubule breakage could not be prevented by increased α-tubulin K40 acetylation, a post-translational modification known to increase microtubule flexibility. In vitro, lattice damage induced by wild-type KIF5C was repaired by soluble tubulin and resulted in increased rescues and overall microtubule growth, whereas lattice damage induced by the KIF5C mutant resulted in larger repair sites that made the microtubule vulnerable to breakage and fragmentation when under mechanical stress. These results demonstrate that kinesin-1 motility causes defects in and damage to the microtubule lattice in cells. While cells have the capacity to repair lattice damage, conditions that exceed this capacity result in microtubule breakage and fragmentation and may contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breane G Budaitis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Somayesadat Badieyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - T Lynne Blasius
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana N Reinemann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Michael A Cianfrocco
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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6
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Reuther C, Santos-Otte P, Grover R, Heldt G, Woehlke G, Diez S. Multiplication of Motor-Driven Microtubules for Nanotechnological Applications. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:926-934. [PMID: 35050639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules gliding on motor-functionalized surfaces have been explored for various nanotechnological applications. However, when moving over large distances (several millimeters) and long times (tens of minutes), microtubules are lost due to surface detachment. Here, we demonstrate the multiplication of kinesin-1-driven microtubules that comprises two concurrent processes: (i) severing of microtubules by the enzyme spastin and (ii) elongation of microtubules by self-assembly of tubulin dimers at the microtubule ends. We managed to balance the individual processes such that the average length of the microtubules stayed roughly constant over time while their number increased. Moreover, we show microtubule multiplication in physical networks with topographical channel structures. Our method is expected to broaden the toolbox for microtubule-based in vitro applications by counteracting the microtubule loss from substrate surfaces. Among others, this will enable upscaling of network-based biocomputation, where it is vital to increase the number of microtubules during operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Reuther
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rahul Grover
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Heldt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Günther Woehlke
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Nasrin SR, Afroze F, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A. Mechanical Deformation of Microtubules on a Two-Dimensional Elastic Medium. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:303-314. [PMID: 35476341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule, the most rigid filamentous protein in cytoskeleton, plays significant roles in cellular mechano-transduction and mechano-regulation of cellular functions. In cells, the mechanical stress serves as a prevalent stimulus to frequently cause deformation of the microtubules participating in various cellular events. While the experimental and simulation-based approaches have confirmed the role of mechanical stress to tune mechanical properties of microtubule. Yet, the effect of mechanical force on the structural stability and the mechanism of microtubule deformation have remained obscure. Here, we describe the mechanical stress-induced deformation of microtubules using a custom-made mechanical device. We designed the device in a way which allows the microtubules to undergo deformation as response to the applied stress while attached on a two-dimensional elastic substrate through interaction with microtubule-associated motor protein, kinesin. We provide here the method to cause controlled bucking or fragmentation of microtubules by applying compressive or tensile stress on the microtubules, respectively. Such study is crucial to understand the mechanism of deformation in microtubules in cellular environment and their consequences in physiological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhana Afroze
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kakugo
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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8
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A new approach to explore the mechanoresponsiveness of microtubules and its application in studying dynamic soft interfaces. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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