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Guan W, Gao H, Liu Y, Sun S, Li G. Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae048. [PMID: 38939044 PMCID: PMC11208728 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in this century. Material composition, surface topology, light, ultrasonic, electric field and magnetic fields (MFs) all have important effects on the regeneration process. Among them, MFs can provide nearly non-invasive signal transmission within biological tissues, and magnetic materials can convert MFs into a series of signals related to biological processes, such as mechanical force, magnetic heat, drug release, etc. By adjusting the MFs and magnetic materials, desired cellular or molecular-level responses can be achieved to promote better tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the definition, classification and latest progress of MFs and magnetic materials in tissue engineering. It also explores the differences and potential applications of MFs in different tissue cells, aiming to connect the applications of magnetism in various subfields of tissue engineering and provide new insights for the use of magnetism in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Xie W, Song C, Guo R, Zhang X. Static magnetic fields in regenerative medicine. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:011503. [PMID: 38486824 PMCID: PMC10939708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms on Earth live in the weak but ubiquitous geomagnetic field. Human beings are also exposed to magnetic fields generated by multiple sources, ranging from permanent magnets to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hospitals. It has been shown that different magnetic fields can generate various effects on different tissues and cells. Among them, stem cells appear to be one of the most sensitive cell types to magnetic fields, which are the fundamental units of regenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on the bioeffects of static magnetic fields (SMFs), which are related to regenerative medicine. Most reports in the literature focus on the influence of SMF on bone regeneration, wound healing, and stem cell production. Multiple aspects of the cellular events, including gene expression, cell signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and cytoskeleton, have been shown to be affected by SMFs. Although no consensus yet, current evidence indicates that moderate and high SMFs could serve as a promising physical tool to promote bone regeneration, wound healing, neural differentiation, and dental regeneration. All in vivo studies of SMFs on bone regeneration and wound healing have shown beneficial effects, which unravel the great potential of SMFs in these aspects. More mechanistic studies, magnetic field parameter optimization, and clinical investigations on human bodies will be imperative for the successful clinical applications of SMFs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ruowen Guo
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: 86–551-65593356
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Zhao H, Liu C, Liu Y, Ding Q, Wang T, Li H, Wu H, Ma T. Harnessing electromagnetic fields to assist bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36631880 PMCID: PMC9835389 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) emerged as one of the exceptional means for bone defects owing to it providing mechanical supports to guide bone tissue regeneration. Great advances have been made to facilitate the success of BTE in regenerating bone within defects. The use of externally applied fields has been regarded as an alternative strategy for BTE. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known as a simple and non-invasive therapy, can remotely provide electric and magnetic stimulation to cells and biomaterials, thus applying EMFs to assist BTE would be a promising strategy for bone regeneration. When combined with BTE, EMFs improve cell adhesion to the material surface by promoting protein adsorption. Additionally, EMFs have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells and show capabilities of pro-angiogenesis and macrophage polarization manipulation. These advantages of EMFs indicate that it is perfectly suitable for representing the adjuvant treatment of BTE. We also summarize studies concerning combinations of EMFs and diverse biomaterial types. The strategy of combining EMFs and BTE receives encouraging outcomes and holds a promising future for effectively treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qing Ding
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Yang J, Feng Y, Li Q, Zeng Y. Evidence of the static magnetic field effects on bone-related diseases and bone cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:168-180. [PMID: 36462638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs), magnetic fields with constant intensity and orientation, have been extensively studied in the field of bone biology both fundamentally and clinically as a non-invasive physical factor. A large number of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that SMFs have effective therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases such as non-healing fractures, bone non-union of bone implants, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The maintenance of bone health in adults depends on the basic functions of bone cells, such as bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Numerous studies have revealed that SMFs can regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and function of bone tissue cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, bone marrow monocytes (BMMs), osteoclasts, and osteocytes. In this paper, the effects of SMFs on bone-related diseases and bone tissue cells are reviewed from both in vivo studies and in vitro studies, and the possible mechanisms are analyzed. In addition, some challenges that need to be further addressed in the research of SMF and bone are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Xiao Y, Shen Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Yin K, Xu Y. 280 mT static magnetic field promotes the growth of postpartum condylar cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 64:248-261. [PMID: 36469671 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2148527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional appliances made of permanent magnets have been used in jaw orthopedic treatment. However, whether the static magnetic field (SMF) generated by permanent magnets promotes the developmental sequence of condylar cartilage and thus promotes the growth of the mandible remains to be studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 280 mT SMF on postnatal condylar chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification and the roles of FLRT3, FGF2 and BMP2 signaling in this chondrodevelopmental sequences. METHODS Forty-eight rats were assigned to two groups (control and SMF). The condyles were collected at the specified time points. The histomorphological changes in the condyle were observed by histological staining. The expression of proteins related to the proliferation and differentiation of the condylar cartilage and the changes in subchondral bone microstructure were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and micro-CT scanning. FLRT3, FGF2, and BMP2 expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Under SMF stimulation, the cartilage of young rats grew longitudinally and laterally, and the thickness of the cartilage became thinner as it grew. The SMF promoted the proliferation and differentiation of condylar chondrocytes and endochondral ossification and increased subchondral bone mineral density, and BMP2 signaling was involved. Moreover, under SMF loading, the increased expression of FGF2 and FLRT3 were involved in regulating cartilage morphogenesis and growth. In late development, the decreased expression of FGF2/FLRT3 and the increased expression of BMP2 promoted endochondral ossification. The SMF accelerated this opposite expression trend. CONCLUSION FGF2/FLRT3 and BMP2 signals are involved in the regulatory effect of SMF exposure on chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of magnetic appliances to promote condylar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of Stomatology, Hubei NO. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinhao Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of the first dental clinic, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
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Static Magnetic Fields Enhance the Chondrogenesis of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Coculture Systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9962861. [PMID: 34873576 PMCID: PMC8643226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9962861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Combining the advantages of static magnetic fields (SMF) and coculture systems, we investigated the effect of moderate-intensity SMF on the chondrogenesis and proliferation of mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) in the MBMSC/mandibular condylar chondrocyte (MCC) coculture system. The main aim of the present study was to provide an experimental basis for obtaining better cartilage tissue engineering seed cells for the effective repair of condylar cartilage defects in clinical practice. Methods MBMSCs and MCCs were isolated from SD (Sprague Dawley) rats. Flow cytometry, three-lineage differentiation, colony-forming assays, immunocytochemistry, and toluidine blue staining were used for the identification of MBMSCs and MCCs. MBMSCs and MCCs were seeded into the lower and upper Transwell chambers, respectively, at a ratio of 1 : 2, and exposed to a 280 mT SMF. MBMSCs were harvested after 3, 7, or 14 days for analysis. CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Alcian blue staining was utilized to evaluate glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detected protein and gene expression levels of SOX9, Col2A1 (Collagen Type II Alpha 1), and Aggrecan (ACAN). Results The proliferation of MBMSCs was significantly enhanced in the experimental group with MBMSCs cocultured with MCCs under SMF stimulation relative to controls (P < 0.05). GAG content was increased, and SOX9, Col2A1, and ACAN were also increased at the mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions Moderate-intensity SMF improved the chondrogenesis and proliferation of MBMSCs in the coculture system, and it might be a promising approach to repair condylar cartilage defects in the clinical setting.
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Shen Q, Xiao Y, Cheng B, Sun Z, Hu Y, Yang H, Luo Y. PRMT1 promotes extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106112. [PMID: 34715362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PRMT1 in TMJOA pathogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanism. Compared to the control group, PRMT1 was highly expressed in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and articular cartilage following MIA injection into rat TMJs. Furthermore, knocking down PRMT1 considerably inhibited ECM degradation and apoptosis induced by IL-1β. Mechanistic analyses further revealed that PRMT1 knockdown activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and prevented FOXO1 from translocating to the nucleus. Moreover, an inhibitor of AKT (LY294002) rescued the effect of PRMT1 knockdown on IL-1β-induced ECM degradation and apoptosis, and AMI-1, a selective inhibitor of PRMT1, inhibited PRMT1 expression and reversed the pathological progress of TMJOA. Thus, our findings suggest that PRMT1 plays an essential role in ECM degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis in TMJOA via the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhao Shen
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; The First Dental Clinic of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zheyi Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yingwei Luo
- Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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Hao M, Xiong M, Liu Y, Tan WS, Cai H. Magnetic-driven dynamic culture promotes osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:15. [PMID: 38650266 PMCID: PMC10992147 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective nutrient transport and appropriate mechanical stimulation play important roles in production of tissue-engineered bone grafts. In this study, an experimental set-up for magnetic-driven dynamic culture of cells was designed to mimic the microenvironment of the bone tissue. Here, its ability to contribute to osteogenic differentiation was investigated by inoculating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) on magnetic scaffolds. The cytocompatibility of the developed magnetic scaffolds was verified for HUMSCs. Magnetic scaffolds seeded with HUMSCs were exposed to magnetic fields. The results showed that magnetic fields did not affect cell activity and promoted HUMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The magnetic scaffolds were magnetically driven for dynamic culture in the experimental set-up to evaluate the influence of HUMSCs osteoblast differentiation. The results indicated that magnetic-driven dynamic culture increased cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p < 0.05) and calcium release (p < 0.05) compared with static culture. The effect was demonstrated in the expression of bone-associated genes. Overall, this study showed that magnetic-driven dynamic culture is a promising tool for regenerative bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Micro Magnetic Field Produced by Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles in Bone Scaffold for Enhancing Cellular Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092045. [PMID: 32911730 PMCID: PMC7570298 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The low cellular activity of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) limits its application in bone scaffold, although PLLA has advantages in terms of good biocompatibility and easy processing. In this study, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were incorporated into the PLLA bone scaffold prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) for continuously and steadily enhancing cellular activity. In the scaffold, each Fe3O4 nanoparticle was a single magnetic domain without a domain wall, providing a micro-magnetic source to generate a tiny magnetic field, thereby continuously and steadily generating magnetic stimulation to cells. The results showed that the magnetic scaffold exhibited superparamagnetism and its saturation magnetization reached a maximum value of 6.1 emu/g. It promoted the attachment, diffusion, and interaction of MG63 cells, and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, thus promoting the cell proliferation and differentiation. Meanwhile, the scaffold with 7% Fe3O4 presented increased compressive strength, modulus, and Vickers hardness by 63.4%, 78.9%, and 19.1% compared with the PLLA scaffold, respectively, due to the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which act as a nanoscale reinforcement in the polymer matrix. All these positive results suggested that the PLLA/Fe3O4 scaffold with good magnetic properties is of great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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