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Lv Y, Wang Q, Lin C, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Hu X. Overexpression of Fgf18 in cranial neural crest cells recapitulates Pierre Robin sequence in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1376814. [PMID: 38694818 PMCID: PMC11061347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1376814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of FGF18 in the regulation of craniofacial and skeletal development has been well established. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice with deficiency in Fgf18 exhibit severe craniofacial dysplasia. Recent clinical reports have revealed that the duplication of chromosome 5q32-35.3, which encompasses the Fgf18 gene, can lead to cranial bone dysplasia and congenital craniosynostosis, implicating the consequence of possible overdosed FGF18 signaling. This study aimed to test the effects of augmented FGF18 signaling by specifically overexpressing the Fgf18 gene in cranial neural crest cells using the Wnt1-Cre;pMes-Fgf18 mouse model. The results showed that overexpression of Fgf18 leads to craniofacial abnormalities in mice similar to the Pierre Robin sequence in humans, including abnormal tongue morphology, micrognathia, and cleft palate. Further examination revealed that elevated levels of Fgf18 activated the Akt and Erk signaling pathways, leading to an increase in the proliferation level of tongue tendon cells and alterations in the contraction pattern of the genioglossus muscle. Additionally, we observed that excessive FGF18 signaling contributed to the reduction in the length of Meckel's cartilage and disrupted the development of condylar cartilage, ultimately resulting in mandibular defects. These anomalies involve changes in several downstream signals, including Runx2, p21, Akt, Erk, p38, Wnt, and Ihh. This study highlights the crucial role of maintaining the balance of endogenous FGF18 signaling for proper craniofacial development and offers insights into potential formation mechanisms of the Pierre Robin sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Hauru R, Rieppo L, Tuomisto T, Yu J, Laaksonen S, Saarakkala S, Raustia A, Pirttiniemi P. Fourier-transform infrared study on effects of ageing, oestrogen level and altered dietary loading on rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:151-164. [PMID: 37565299 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of the rat was examined with the Fourier-transform infrared (FITR) spectroscopic imaging to study the effects of ageing, oestrogen level and altered dietary loading on the structure of MCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 96) aged 5 and 14 months were divided into 12 subgroups according to age, oestrogen status (ovariectomized [OVX], non-ovariectomized [non-OVX)]) and diet (hard, normal, soft). Specimens of the MCC were examined with FTIR spectroscopic imaging to quantify the distribution of collagens and proteoglycans. MCC was divided sagittally into three segments: anterior, most superior and posterior. From each segment, the collagen and proteoglycan contents at different depths of cartilage were statistically compared between the groups using an N-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The amount of collagen content was significantly associated with old age in the deep layer of the anterior segment and in the middle layer of the posterior segment of MCC. In the deep layer of the most superior segment, the collagen content also increased with ageing. The amount of proteoglycan content increased significantly when dietary loading increased, and the oestrogen level decreased in the deep layer of the most superior segment of MCC. CONCLUSION Ageing, oestrogen level and altered dietary loading have a significant effect on the location and content of collagens and proteoglycans of rat MCC. Ageing significantly increased the amount of collagen content in the superior and posterior segments, being highest in the older soft-diet rats. Decreased oestrogen levels and increased dietary loading increased the amount of proteoglycan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Hauru
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teresa Tuomisto
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Songphaeng T, Lapmanee S, Bhubhanil S, Momdee K, Rojviriya C, Kitsahawong K, Chailertvanitkul P, Welbat JU, Morkmued S. Atomoxetine and escitalopram migrate the derangement of the temporomandibular joint morphologic and histologic changes in rats exposed to stress-induced depression. J Oral Sci 2023; 65:219-225. [PMID: 37518767 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this in vivo study was to determine the effects of stress-induced depression and antidepressants on depressive-like behavior, microstructure, and histomorphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using rats. METHODS Experimentally induced depression in rats was created before being treated with two antidepressants; escitalopram (selective-serotonin-reuptake inhibitors) and atomoxetine (norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors). Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) was performed to measure the change in bone volume and bone porosity of the condyle. Further histological evaluation of the condylar cartilage was performed. RESULTS Micro-CT scanning revealed a decrease in bone volume in the depression group. The bone porosity percentage significantly increased in both the escitalopram and atomoxetine groups compared with the control group and the depression group. Histopathological analysis showed increased thickness of cartilage layers in the depression group. In the atomoxetine group, there was a significant increase in the pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic layer thickness and cell count, but a significant decrease in proteoglycans. CONCLUSION The present study findings indicated the change in TMJ characteristics, especially on the superficial part of the condylar head in the depression group. Concerning the applicability of the different antidepressants, depression with the treatment of atomoxetine has the most disadvantages due to bone porosity and cartilaginous condyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanatta Songphaeng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatrics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
| | - Sarawut Lapmanee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University
| | - Sakkarin Bhubhanil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Siam University
| | - Kamonchanok Momdee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatrics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
| | | | - Kemporn Kitsahawong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatrics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
| | | | - Jariya U Welbat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Khon Kaen University
| | - Supawich Morkmued
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatrics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Qi WJ, Xu CL, Zhou J, Wang JH, Wang BL. Mechanism and potential contributing factors to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1060-1069. [PMID: 34716969 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of and potential contributing factors to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) caused by oestrogen deficiency with a persistent high bite force. MATERIALS AND METHODS A TMJOA model was generated by subjecting 6-week-old female rats to ovariectomy (OVX) and feeding them a hard feed. The rats (n = 12/group) were divided into sham (control); OVX; OVX+hard feed (HF); OVX+hard feed+local-joint injection of 17β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) (E2); and OVX+hard feed+local-joint injection of rapamycin (an autophagy activator) (RAPA)groups. Condyles were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O Fast Green. The expression of Beclin 1, LC3 and p-mTOR in condylar cartilages was analysed. RESULTS Tissue staining revealed thinner condylar cartilage, varying numbers or fewer hypertrophic chondrocytes, and lower proteoglycan content in the cartilage matrix of the OVX group. These characteristics were more pronounced in the HF group, but were significantly recovered in the E2 and RAPA groups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significantly lower autophagic flux in OVX/HF groups and a higher one in E2/RAPA groups. CONCLUSIONS A persistent high bite force could aggravate TMJOA induced by oestrogen deficiency, and the application of oestrogen or rapamycin could delay its progression. Additionally, autophagy may play a role in the development of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jun Qi
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong-Lin Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Hebei Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Xiao Y, Shen Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Yin K, Xu Y. 280 mT static magnetic field promotes the growth of postpartum condylar cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 64:248-261. [PMID: 36469671 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2148527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional appliances made of permanent magnets have been used in jaw orthopedic treatment. However, whether the static magnetic field (SMF) generated by permanent magnets promotes the developmental sequence of condylar cartilage and thus promotes the growth of the mandible remains to be studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 280 mT SMF on postnatal condylar chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification and the roles of FLRT3, FGF2 and BMP2 signaling in this chondrodevelopmental sequences. METHODS Forty-eight rats were assigned to two groups (control and SMF). The condyles were collected at the specified time points. The histomorphological changes in the condyle were observed by histological staining. The expression of proteins related to the proliferation and differentiation of the condylar cartilage and the changes in subchondral bone microstructure were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and micro-CT scanning. FLRT3, FGF2, and BMP2 expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Under SMF stimulation, the cartilage of young rats grew longitudinally and laterally, and the thickness of the cartilage became thinner as it grew. The SMF promoted the proliferation and differentiation of condylar chondrocytes and endochondral ossification and increased subchondral bone mineral density, and BMP2 signaling was involved. Moreover, under SMF loading, the increased expression of FGF2 and FLRT3 were involved in regulating cartilage morphogenesis and growth. In late development, the decreased expression of FGF2/FLRT3 and the increased expression of BMP2 promoted endochondral ossification. The SMF accelerated this opposite expression trend. CONCLUSION FGF2/FLRT3 and BMP2 signals are involved in the regulatory effect of SMF exposure on chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of magnetic appliances to promote condylar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of Stomatology, Hubei NO. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinhao Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of the first dental clinic, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
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Liu X, Zhao J, Jiang H, Li H, Feng Y, Ke J, Long X. ALPK1 Aggravates TMJOA Cartilage Degradation via NF-κB and ERK1/2 Signaling. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1499-1509. [PMID: 35689396 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common degenerative joint disease without effective intervention strategies. Previous research implied that alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is involved in the inflammatory responses of gout, a chronic arthritis. Herein, we found the main distribution of ALPK1 in a proliferative layer of condylar cartilage and marrow cavity of subchondral bone, as well as a lining layer of synovial tissues in human temporomandibular joint. Moreover, the expression of ALPK1 was augmented in degraded condylar cartilage of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced TMJOA mice. After MIA induction, ALPK1 knockout mice exhibited attenuated damage of cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as synovitis, as compared with wide type mice. In contrast, intra-articular administration of recombinant human ALPK1 aggravated the pathology of MIA-induced TMJOA. Furthermore, ex vivo study demonstrated that ALPK1 exacerbated chondrocyte catabolism by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase 13 and cyclooxygenase 2 by activating NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappaB) signaling and suppressed anabolism by downregulating aggrecan by inhibiting ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) in articular chondrocytes. Taken together, ALPK1 exacerbates the degradation of condylar cartilage during TMJOA through the NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This study provides a new insight regarding the role of ALPK1 during TMJOA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Ke
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Long
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liao WT, Sun JD, Wang Y, He YQ, Su K, Lu YY, Liao G, Sun YP. Histone deacetylase inhibitors attenuated interleukin-1β-induced chondrogenesis inhibition in synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells of the temporomandibular joint. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:40-48. [PMID: 35084211 PMCID: PMC8801172 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.111.bjr-2021-0059.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In the repair of condylar cartilage injury, synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) migrate to an injured site and differentiate into cartilage. This study aimed to confirm that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which alleviate arthritis, can improve chondrogenesis inhibited by IL-1β, and to explore its mechanism. Methods SMSCs were isolated from synovium specimens of patients undergoing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery. Chondrogenic differentiation potential of SMSCs was evaluated in vitro in the control, IL-1β stimulation, and IL-1β stimulation with HDAC inhibitors groups. The effect of HDAC inhibitors on the synovium and condylar cartilage in a rat TMJ arthritis model was evaluated. Results Interleukin (IL)-1β inhibited the chondrogenic differentiation potential of SMSCs, while the HDAC inhibitors, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and panobinostat (LBH589), attenuated inhibition of IL-1β-induced SMSC chondrogenesis. Additionally, SAHA attenuated the destruction of condylar cartilage in rat TMJ arthritis model. IL-6 (p < 0.001) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) (p = 0.006) were significantly upregulated after IL-1β stimulation, while SAHA and LBH589 attenuated IL-6 and MMP13 expression, which was upregulated by IL-1β in vitro. Silencing of IL-6 significantly downregulated MMP13 expression and attenuated IL-1β-induced chondrogenesis inhibition of SMSCs. Conclusion HDAC inhibitors SAHA and LBH589 attenuated chondrogenesis inhibition of SMSC induced by IL-1β in TMJ, and inhibition of IL-6/MMP13 pathway activation contributes to this biological progress. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of TMJ arthritis. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(1):40–48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Dong Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qing He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Su
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Peng Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Deshmukh S, Durkar S, Kharat A, Shiranjani S, Ajmera P. Evaluation of Changes in Condylar Cartilage Thickness Using MRI and Ultrasound Imaging in Patients Treated by Mandibular Advancement With Myofunctional Appliance: An In-Vivo Pilot Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e16338. [PMID: 34395121 PMCID: PMC8357081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The changes occurring due to growth modulation of the condylar cartilage act as an important mechanism for mandibular advancement using myofunctional appliance therapy. So this study aims to evaluate the condylar cartilage thickness by using MRI and USG in patients undergoing myofunctional appliance therapy for mandibular advancement with the null hypothesis being that there are no changes seen in the thickness of condylar cartilage in growing children. Materials and methods A prospective evaluation of samples having skeletal Class-II malocclusion ranging between cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stage II and III, requiring twin block functional therapy was performed. Ten patients were selected randomly who underwent MRI and USG in the open and close positions for the evaluation of condylar cartilage thickness and the dimensional changes in the width of the right and left condyle in mm at T0 and T1. Result There was no statistically significant difference between the values interpreted by MRI or USG imaging when compared at T0 and T1 and in the open and closed mouth on the left and right sides. At T0, the mean thickness noted was 0.49 mm and 0.48 mm during opening and closing on the left side and 0.52 mm in both positions on the right side. At T1, the mean thickness noted was 0.8 and 0.79mm during opening and closing on the left side, whereas it was 0.81 mm in both positions on the right side. Conclusion The condylar cartilage thickness increases significantly after twin block therapy suggestive of mandibular growth in skeletal class II malocclusion. It can be inferred that both MRI and USG carry equal diagnostic interpretation, as there was no statistically significant difference between the two imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Deshmukh
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, IND
| | - Sachin Durkar
- Orthodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, IND
| | - Amit Kharat
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, IND
| | - Suramya Shiranjani
- Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, IND
| | - Pranav Ajmera
- Radiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, IND
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9
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Fang L, Ye Y, Tan X, Huang L, He Y. Overloading stress-induced progressive degeneration and self-repair in condylar cartilage. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1503:72-87. [PMID: 33962484 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Overloading stress-induced condylar cartilage degeneration acts as the main pathologic change in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA). However, the progression of degeneration and the ability for self-repair remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the progression of cartilage degeneration by dividing pathological stages using a steady mouth-opening mouse model. Then, we observed changes of cartilage by removing the loading at different stages to test the potential self-repair after degeneration induced. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy combined with histology and micro-CT scanning was applied to examine TMJ at different stages of degeneration before and after self-repair. We found the cartilage underwent progressive and thorough degeneration as the overloading stress developed. During the initial adaptation stage, robust proliferation of posteromedial cartilage began at the area of direct loading. Subsequently, widespread chondrocyte apoptosis was found, followed by new chondrocyte proliferation in aggregates with matrix degradation and subchondral bone catabolism. Finally, with cartilage surface damage, the degeneration reached a point where the lesion could not be reversed by self-repair. While the cartilage nearly returned to normal when the interference was removed within 5 days. These results suggested overloading force induces a pathological process of successive degeneration in TMJ cartilage, which can be reversed by self-repair at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusi Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Fan Y, Cui C, Li P, Bi R, Lyu P, Li Y, Zhu S. Fibrocartilage Stem Cells in the Temporomandibular Joint: Insights From Animal and Human Studies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665995. [PMID: 33987185 PMCID: PMC8111285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are diseases involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and osseous components. TMD has a high prevalence, with an estimated 4.8% of the U.S. population experiencing signs and symptoms, and represents a financial burden to both individuals and society. During TMD progression, the most frequently affected site is the condylar cartilage. Comprising both fibrous and cartilaginous tissues, condylar cartilage has restricted cell numbers but lacks a vascular supply and has limited regenerative properties. In 2016, a novel stem cell niche containing a reservoir of fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) was discovered in the condylar cartilage of rats. Subsequently, FCSCs were identified in mouse, rabbit, and human condylar cartilage. Unlike mesenchymal stem cells or other tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, FCSCs play a unique role in the development and regeneration of fibrocartilage. More importantly, engraftment treatment of FCSCs has been successfully applied in animal models of TMD. In this context, FCSCs play a major role in the regeneration of newly formed cartilage. Furthermore, FCSCs participate in the regeneration of intramembranous bone by interacting with endothelial cells in bone defects. This evidence highlights the potential of FCSCs as an ideal stem cell source for the regeneration of oral maxillofacial tissue. This review is intended to detail the current knowledge of the characteristics and function of FCSCs in the TMJ, as well as the potential therapeutic applications of FCSCs. A deep understanding of the properties of FCSCs can thus inform the development of promising, biologically based strategies for TMD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an experimental rat model of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement (ADD). A pilot study was conducted to determine the most appropriate surgical protocol. In the main experiment, 40 rats were used. Twenty-four rats were subjected to ADD in the right TMJ, and subsequently thereafter six, nine, and nine rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, for gross evaluation. Twelve rats that underwent a sham operation were equally divided and sacrificed at each of the above time points. Four non-treated control rats were sacrificed at the beginning of the study. TMJ blocks were harvested for radiological and histological assessment. Gross examination showed that 14 rats in the ADD group (58.3%) had anterior displacement of the TMJ disc. In the ADD joints, posterior condylar cartilage thickness decreased during the follow-up period; however, there was no significant difference between the sham-treated and ADD joints, or among the follow-up time points (P > 0.05). The anterior condylar cartilage exhibited obvious qualitative alterations. Radiologic signs of osteoarthrosis appeared after ADD surgery, but this became attenuated with time. The model investigated in this study successfully induced ADD in rats, and should be useful for assessment of progressive changes in the TMJ following ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan G K Nguyen
- Orofacial Pain Management, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Orofacial Pain Management, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masahiko Shimada
- Orofacial Pain Management, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Liang C, Yang T, Wu G, Li J, Geng W. Therapeutic effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on temporomandibular joint injury induced by chronic sleep deprivation in rats. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3328-3340. [PMID: 31312347 PMCID: PMC6614610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment is an emerging physical therapy for treating bone, nerve, and muscle disorders. However, there have been no reports on the effectiveness of LIPUS for the treatment of temporomandibular joint injury, and the mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic effects of LIPUS on temporomandibular joint injury in rats subjected to chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). In this study, after 2 weeks of chronic sleep deprivation in rats, the condylar cartilage exhibited rough surfaces, with a disorganized arrangement and partial sloughing of collagen fibers, decreased proliferation of chondrocytes, increased osteoclast activity in the calcified cartilage layer, and increased ratios of MMP-3/TIMP-1 and RANKL/OPG expression. After 4 weeks of LIPUS intervention in rats, the condylar cartilage displayed prominent reductions in these pathological changes, including noticeable repair of the injured cartilage structure, increased chondrocyte proliferation, a reduced number of osteoclasts, and marked reductions in the expression ratios of MMP-3/TIMP-1 and RANKL/OPG. These results demonstrated that LIPUS can effectively inhibit CSD-induced injury to condylar cartilage in rats. The therapeutic mechanism of LIPUS may involve promoting the repair function of chondrocytes and reducing the expression ratios of MMP-3/TIMP-1 and RANKL/OPG in condylar tissue, thus inhibiting the cleavage activity of MMP-3 on the condylar cartilage matrix and inhibiting osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Military General HospitalShandong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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Yu J, Liang F, Huang H, Pirttiniemi P, Yu D. Effects of loading on chondrocyte hypoxia, HIF-1α and VEGF in the mandibular condylar cartilage of young rats. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 21:41-47. [PMID: 29271061 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression under altered loading, and to explore the relationship between loading and hypoxia in the mandibular condylar cartilage of young rats. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The reduced loading group was fed soft food, and their incisors were cut to avoid occlusal contact. The increased loading group was fed hard food and had forced jaw-opening. Ten rats from each group (n = 10) were sacrificed at 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after initiation of the experiment. Pimonidazole hydrochloride (Hypoxyprobe-1, HP-1) was used as a hypoxia marker to confirm the hypoxic state. Hypoxic chondrocytes as indicated by HP-1, HIF-1α and VEGF protein expressions were recognized by immunohistochemical detection. HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expressions were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Hypoxyprobe-1 was confined in the upper layers of cartilage, and was most strongly expressed in the weight-bearing area of TMJ at 12 and 96 hours. Staining of HIF-1α and VEGF was most strongly expressed in the chondrocytes of the fibrous and proliferative layer at all time points. Furthermore, expressions were also displayed in the hypertrophic and calcified layers at 48 and 96 hours. The expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA were higher in the increased loading group than in the reduced loading group at 48 and 96 hours (P < . 05). CONCLUSION Mechanical loading seems to directly induce weight-bearing area hypoxia followed by new vessel formation, which indicates that these factors are related and important for the development of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - F Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - P Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - D Yu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Fan Y, Jianying F, Chenyan L, Pan W, Zhe S, Changjing S. [Influence on Indian hedgehog-parathyroid hormone-like related protein pathway induced by altered masticatory loading in the condylar cartilage of growing rabbits]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 35:127-132. [PMID: 28682540 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of altered masticatory loading on Indian hedgehog (Ihh)-parathyroid hormone-like related protein (PThrP) pathway in the condylar cartilage of growing rabbits. METHODS A total of 48 10-day-old rabbits were randomly divided into two groups and fed different kinds of food, such as solid diet and soft diet. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Difference of Ihh and PThrP expression levels induced by altered masticatory loading was tested by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The thickness of condylar cartilage and expression levels of Ihh and PThrP proteins and mRNA of the solid diet groups exceeded those of the soft diet groups. The decreasing tendencies of the expression levels of Ihh and PThrP proteins and mRNA were observed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Low masticatory loading may delay or inhibit the development of condylar cartilage and its growing factors Ihh and PThrP. Therefore, masticatory loading plays an important role in the development of condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Feng Jianying
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liu Chenyan
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wang Pan
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Sun Zhe
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shi Changjing
- College of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Jiang L, Xie Y, Wei L, Zhou Q, Shen X, Jiang X, Gao Y. Identification of the vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway by quantitative proteomic analysis of rat condylar cartilage. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 7:44-53. [PMID: 28097087 PMCID: PMC5221432 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play an important role in regulating cartilage remodelling and endochondral ossification. However, the details of how VEGF signalling mechanisms affect condyle remodelling in response to alterations in functional loading remains unclear. To explore this, eighty 16‐day‐old male SD rats were divided into two equal groups which were fed either a soft/powdery diet or a hard diet for 4 weeks; the stiffness of the diet results in alteration of mastication force and hence temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development. We performed a proteomic analysis of rat condylar cartilage using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling, followed by 2D nano‐high performance liquid chromatography and MALDI‐TOF/time‐of‐flight technology. After protein identification, we used biological information analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins associated with the VEGF signalling pathway. Among the identified differentially expressed proteins, we found VEGF signalling mainly via the p44/42 MAPK and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in condylar cartilage, including VEGFD, VGFR2, KPCB, KPCT, KPCZ, ARAF, RASN, PLCG2, PLCG1, JUN and M3K12. Furthermore, four representative protein candidates, VEGF, p38 MAPK and p44/42 MAPK/phospho‐p44/42 MAPK, were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Our data suggest that VEGF might play an important role in TMJ development and remodelling in response to alterations in functional loading through the p44/42 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalling pathway. This study provides new clues to the understanding of the signalling mechanism responsible for VEGF production in response to different masticatory functions at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China; Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics Shanghai Institute of Hematology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Xing Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine China
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Gaoli X, Lili W, Zhiwu W, Zhiyuan G. [Research progress of mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway in condylar cartilage growth and remodeling]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 34:639-642. [PMID: 28318168 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The condylar cartilage was adapted to hypoxic conditions in vivo. However, condylar cartilage cells exposed in normoxia in vitro affect the chondrocyte phenotype and cartilage matrix formation. This condition also resulted in great difficulty in chondrocyte research. Culturing chondrocyte should be simulated in in vivo hypoxia environment as much as possible. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) demonstrates an important transcription factor of adaptive response to hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α also plays an active role in maintaining homeostasis and function of chondrocytes. This review summarized current knowledge of the HIF-1α structure, signaling pathway, and mechanism of HIF-1α in the condylar cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gaoli
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wu Lili
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wu Zhiwu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gu Zhiyuan
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Shibata S, Morita T, Yokohama-Tamaki T, Murakami G, Cho BH. An Immunohistochemical Study of Matrix Components in Early-Stage Vascular Canals Within Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Midterm Human Fetuses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1560-71. [PMID: 25989382 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Matrix components of vascular canals (VCs) in human fetal mandibular condylar cartilage (15-16 weeks of gestation) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Prevascular canals (PVCs), consisting of spindle-shaped cells without capillary invasion, were observed within the cartilage. Intense immunoreactivity for collagen type I, weak immunoreactivity for aggrecan and tenascin-C, weak hyaluronan (HA) staining, and abundant argyrophilic fibers in PVCs indicated that they contain noncartilaginous fibrous connective tissues that was different from those in the perichondrium/periosteum. These structural and immunohistochemical features of PVCs are different from those of previously reported cartilage canals of the long bone. Capillaries entered the VCs from the periosteum and ascended through VCs. Following capillary invasion, loose connective tissue had formed in the lower part of VCs, and immunoreactivity for collagen types I and III, tenascin-C, and HA staining was evident in the matrix of loose connective tissue. No chondroclasts or osteogenic cells were seen at the front of capillary invasion, although small, mononuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells were present. Meanwhile, TRAP-positive, multinucleated chondroclasts and flattened, osteoblast-like cells were observed in the loose connective tissue at the lower part of VCs. These results may indicate slow progress of endochondral ossification in human fetal mandibular condyle. Further, unique matrix components in PVCs/VCs, which were different from those in cartilage canals in long bone, may reflect the difference of speed of endochondral ossification in cartilage canals and human fetal mandibular condyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Shibata
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univertsity, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univertsity, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Yokohama-Tamaki
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univertsity, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Kumagai K, Suzuki S, Kanri Y, Matsubara R, Fujii K, Wake M, Suzuki R, Hamada Y. Spontaneously developed osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint in STR/ort mice. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:453-456. [PMID: 26171147 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis is typically a slowly progressive asymmetric disease. Little is known regarding the natural destruction of TMJ articular tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate morphological changes in the TMJ of STR/ort mice, known to be the model for spontaneous osteoarthritis in the knee joint, and to evaluate STR/ort mice as a suitable animal model for TMJ osteoarthritis. TMJs from 32 STR/ort mice euthanized at 30, 40, 50 or 60 weeks of age, and from 6 CBA mice euthanized at 30, 40 or 60 weeks of age were examined. Toluidine blue and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to assess histological changes in the articular cartilage. Morphological changes in the articular cartilage of the TMJ were evaluated using microcomputed tomography. At the age of 40-50 weeks, 17 (68%) of the 25 STR/ort mice had loss of articular cartilage on histology, with cavitation and erosion of the exposed bone and gradual changes in condylar shape. Furthermore, osteoarthritic morphological changes, and structural alterations were observed by microcomputed tomography. The STR/ort mouse strain appears to develop spontaneous osteoarthritis-like lesions in the TMJ with age, and would be a useful model to study the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-0815, Japan
| | - Satsuki Suzuki
- Section of Biological Science Research Center for Odontology, School of Dentistry, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Kanri
- Department of Pathology, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-0815, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sagamihara Kyodo Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0143, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai Tokushukai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3131, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-0815, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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Haiying S, Yanping Z, Xiao C, Yuan X. [Changes in expression of phospholipase C-gamma1(tyr783) in young rat condylar cartilage during functional mandibular protraction]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 32:455-458. [PMID: 25490821 PMCID: PMC7041024 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the expression of phospholipase C-gamma1tyr783 (PLC-γ1tyr783) in the condylar cartilage of a young rat during functional mandibular protraction. This work also explores the function of PLC-γ1tyr783 in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage bone remodeling, which could provide experimental evidence for clinical bone ortho- pedic work. METHODS A total of 60 four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. The rats were divided equally and randomly into experimental group and control group. The functional appliances that were fitted to the upper incisors of the animals in the experimental group were worn 24 h a day after the rats were fed for 7 d with homemade pellet feed. The animals in the experimental group, along with their matched controls, were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The bilateral condylar was fixed, decalcified, dehyded, and then conventional paraffin embedded. Immunohisto- chemistry of PLC-γ1tyr783 was applied to observe its express distribution and variation. RESULTS The expression of PLC-γ1tyr783 decreased gradually in the control group, which showed age-related changes (P > 0.05). On the 14th day, PLC-γ1tyr783 expres- sion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. PLC-γ1tyr783 expression began to appear statistically and significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION PLC-γ1tyr783 is involved in the bone remodeling process of the rat condylar cartilage after functional mandibular-protraction.
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Zhu Y, Wu G, Zhu G, Ma C, Zhao H. Chronic sleep restriction induces changes in the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats: roles of Akt, Bad and Caspase-3. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:2585-2592. [PMID: 25356113 PMCID: PMC4211763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to observe changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats that had been subjected to chronic sleep restriction and to investigate whether Akt, Bad and Caspase3 play a role in the mechanism underlying the changes. MAIN METHODS One hundred and eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 60 in each): cage control group, large-platform control group, and sleep restriction group. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 20 in each) of three different time points (7, 14 and 21 days), respectively. The modified multiple platform method was used to induce chronic sleep restriction. The TMJ tissue histology was studied by staining with haematoxylin and eosin. The expression of Akt, p-Aktser473, Bad, p-Badser136 and Caspase3 proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The expression of Akt, Bad and Caspase3 mRNAs was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). KEY FINDINGS Compared with the large-platform and cage control groups, condylar cartilage pathological alterations were found in the sleep restriction group. There were significantly decreased expression levels of Akt, p-Aktser473 and p-Badser136 and significantly increased expression levels of Bad and Caspase3 after sleep restriction. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that sleep restriction may induce pathological alterations in the condylar cartilage of rats. Alterations in Akt, Bad and Caspase3 may be associated with the potential mechanism by which chronic sleep restriction influences the condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Shandong UniversityNumber 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral BiomedicineNumber 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Military General HospitalNumber 25, Shi Fan Lu, Jinan City 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guoxiong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Military General HospitalNumber 25, Shi Fan Lu, Jinan City 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- College of Stomatology, Shandong UniversityNumber 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral BiomedicineNumber 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhao
- College of Stomatology, Shandong UniversityNumber 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
The importance of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in the regulation of cell fate, differentiation and proliferation in the growth plate is well-known. However, in secondary cartilages (such as that in the temporomandibular joint) that grow by proliferation of prechondrocytes and differ in their pattern of growth, the role of BMPs is largely unexplored. To examine this question, we ablated Bmpr1a in the condylar cartilage of neonatal mice and assessed the consequences for mandibular condyle growth and organization at intervals over the ensuing 4 weeks. Bmpr1a deficiency caused significant chondrodysplasia and almost eliminated the chondrocytic phenotype in the TMJ. Expression of Sox9, collagen II, proteoglycan were all greatly reduced, and cell proliferation as detected by BrdU was almost non-existent in the knockout mice. Primary bone spongiosa formation was also disturbed and was accompanied by reduced Osterix expression. These findings strongly suggest that Bmpr1a is critical for the development and growth of the mandibular condyle via its effect on proliferation of prechondroblasts and chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Robert J. Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX,Corresponding Author: Robert J. Hinton, PhD., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, 214-828-8272 (Phone), 214-874-4538 (Fax), . Jian Q. Feng, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, 214-370-7235 (phone), 214-370-7298 (fax),
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian Q. Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX,Corresponding Author: Robert J. Hinton, PhD., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, 214-828-8272 (Phone), 214-874-4538 (Fax), . Jian Q. Feng, MD, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, 214-370-7235 (phone), 214-370-7298 (fax),
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