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Ohsaka F, Yamaguchi M, Teshigahara Y, Yasui M, Kato E, Sonoyama K. Murine fecal microRNAs alter the composition of cultured gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149184. [PMID: 37922787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from intestinal epithelial cells have been suggested to influence gut microbiota homeostasis. The present study examined whether fecal miRNAs alter the structure of cultured gut microbiota. Fecal bacteria isolated from murine cecal contents were cultured for 24 h under anaerobic conditions. Supplementation with fecal small RNAs isolated from cecal contents altered the structure of cultured fecal microbiota as assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In particular, fecal small RNAs increased Enterococcus spp. Fractionation of fecal small RNAs by ultrafiltration showed that small RNAs smaller than 10 kDa significantly increased enterococci compared to those larger than 10 kDa, as assessed by quantitative PCR, suggesting that the increase in enterococci by fecal small RNAs can mainly be attributed to miRNAs. Negative control miRNA that has low homology to miRNA sequences of human, mouse, and rat, failed to increase enterococci. Therefore, the findings from the present study employing cultured fecal bacteria suggest that fecal small RNAs, most likely host-derived miRNAs, alter gut microbiota structure by expanding enterococci in a sequence-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumina Ohsaka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuka Teshigahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Moeka Yasui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kato
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Dissanayake WMN, Chandanee MR, Lee SM, Heo JM, Yi YJ. Change in intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity is a hallmark of antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1403-1413. [PMID: 37170509 PMCID: PMC10472154 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) maintains intestinal homeostasis by detoxifying bacterial endotoxins and regulating gut microbiota, and lipid absorption. Antibiotics administered to animals can cause gut dysbiosis and barrier disruption affecting animal health. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the role of IAP in the intestinal environment in dysbiosis. METHODS Young male mice aged 9 weeks were administered a high dose of antibiotics to induce dysbiosis. They were then sacrificed after 4 weeks to collect the serum and intestinal organs. The IAP activity in the ileum and the level of cytokines in the serum samples were measured. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA from the intestinal samples was performed using primers for tight junction proteins (TJPs) and proinflammatory cytokines. The relative intensity of IAP and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in intestinal samples was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS The IAP activity was significantly lower in the ileum samples of the dysbiosisinduced group compared to the control. The interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the ileum samples of the dysbiosis-induced group. The RNA expression levels of TJP2, claudin-3, and claudin-11 showed significantly lower values in the intestinal samples from the dysbiosis-induced mice. Results from western blotting revealed that the intensity of IAP expression was significantly lower in the ileum samples of the dysbiosis-induced group, while the intensity of TLR4 expression was significantly higher compared to that of the control group without dysbiosis. CONCLUSION The IAP activity and relative mRNA expression of the TJPs decreased, while the levels of proinflammatory cytokines increased, which can affect intestinal integrity and the function of the intestinal epithelial cells. This suggests that IAP is involved in mediating the intestinal environment in dysbiosis induced by antibiotics and is an enzyme that can potentially be used to maintain the intestinal environment in animal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malavige Romesha Chandanee
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Young-Joo Yi
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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Feng S, Zhang C, Chen S, He R, Chao G, Zhang S. TLR5 Signaling in the Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2491-2501. [PMID: 37337514 PMCID: PMC10276996 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s407521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a pattern recognition receptor that specifically recognizes flagellin and consequently plays a crucial role in the control of intestinal homeostasis by activating innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR5 overexpression, on the other hand, might disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, which serves as the first line of defense against harmful microbes. The intestine symbiotic bacteria, mucous layer, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), adherens junctions (such as tight junctions and peripheral membrane proteins), the intestinal mucosal immune system, and cytokines make up the intestinal mucosal barrier. Impaired barrier function has been linked to intestinal illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a persistent non-specific inflammatory illness of the digestive system with an unknown cause. It is now thought to be linked to infection, environment, genes, immune system, and the gut microbiota. The significance of immunological dysfunction in IBD has received more attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to explore TLR5's position in the intestinal mucosal barrier and its relevance to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruonan He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, People’s Republic of China
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Chen Y, Li D, Sun L, Qi K, Shi L. Pharmacological inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 with TLR4-IN-C34 modulates the intestinal flora homeostasis and the MyD88/NF-κB axis in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175294. [PMID: 36152840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4, a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, is responsible for the regulation and maintenance of homeostasis. It has been implicated in the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) by interacting with its downstream pathway myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4, TLR4-IN-C34 on gut microbiota to elucidate its mechanism in UC mice. Dextran sulfate sodium significantly induced weight loss, diarrhea and rectal bleeding, and colonic damage in mice, which occurred concomitant with dysbiosis of intestinal flora. Intestinal dysbiosis were partially ameliorated by TLR4-IN-C34. Meanwhile, a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced antioxidant activity in colon tissues, and reconstruction of intestinal barrier were observed in mice administrated with TLR4-IN-C34. MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly reduced after TLR4-IN-C34 treatment. MyD88-/- mice were found with improved dysbiosis of intestinal flora, which was mitigated by overexpression of NF-κB. Collectively, our results suggest that TLR4-IN-C34 alleviates UC in mice by blocking the MyD88/NF-κB pathway to improve intestinal flora dysbiosis, inflammatory infiltration, oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Liying Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Kai Qi
- Department of Emergency, Ye County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingdingshan, 467200, Henan, PR China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Rathan-Kumar S, Roland JT, Momoh M, Goldstein A, Lapierre LA, Manning E, Mitchell L, Norman J, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. Rab11FIP1-deficient mice develop spontaneous inflammation and show increased susceptibility to colon damage. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G239-G254. [PMID: 35819177 PMCID: PMC9423785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase, Rab11a, regulates vesicle trafficking and cell polarity in epithelial cells through interaction with Rab11 family-interacting proteins (Rab11-FIPs). We hypothesized that deficiency of Rab11-FIP1 would affect mucosal integrity in the intestine. Global Rab11FIP1 knockout (KO) mice were generated by deletion of the second exon. Pathology of intestinal tissues was analyzed by immunostaining of colonic sections and RNA-sequencing of isolated colonic epithelial cells. A low concentration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 2%) was added to drinking water for 5 days, and injury score was compared between Rab11FIP1 KO, Rab11FIP2 KO, and heterozygous littermates. Rab11FIP1 KO mice showed normal fertility and body weight gain. More frequent lymphoid patches and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils were identified in Rab11FIP1 KO mice before the development of rectal prolapse compared with control mice. The population of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3)-positive goblet cells was significantly lower, and the ratio of proliferative to nonproliferative cells was higher in Rab11FIP1 KO colons. Transcription signatures indicated that Rab11FIP1 deletion downregulated genes that mediate stress tolerance response, whereas genes mediating the response to infection were significantly upregulated, consistent with the inflammatory responses in the steady state. Lack of Rab11FIP1 also resulted in abnormal accumulation of subapical vesicles in colonocytes and the internalization of transmembrane mucin, MUC13, with Rab14. After DSS treatment, Rab11FIP1 KO mice showed greater body weight loss and more severe mucosal damage than those in heterozygous littermates. These findings suggest that Rab11FIP1 is important for cytoprotection mechanisms and for the maintenance of colonic mucosal integrity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although Rab11FIP1 is important in membrane trafficking in epithelial cells, the gastrointestinal phenotype of Rab11FIP1 knockout (KO) mice had never been reported. This study demonstrated that Rab11FIP1 loss induces mistrafficking of Rab14 and MUC13 and decreases in colonic goblet cells, resulting in impaired mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudiksha Rathan-Kumar
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Momoh
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Goldstein
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lynne A Lapierre
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Manning
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Louise Mitchell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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SEKI M, MIWA A, OHSAKA F, KARATSU Y, TSURUTA T, HINO S, MORITA T, SONOYAMA K. Local free fatty acids trigger the expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in murine white adipose tissue. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:54-65. [PMID: 35433160 PMCID: PMC8970656 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase protein mainly
produced by hepatocytes, it has also been proposed to be a pro-inflammatory adipokine.
Obesity and the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) are reportedly associated with
elevated levels of LPS in plasma and free fatty acids (FFAs) in white adipose tissue
(WAT). We examined whether circulating LPS or local FFAs are responsible for the
HFD-induced increase of LBP in WAT. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal-fat diet
(NFD) or an HFD. The mRNA levels in the liver and mesenteric WAT (mWAT), total FFA content
in mWAT, and LBP and LPS concentrations in plasma were determined. The
Lbp mRNA level in mWAT was higher in mice fed the HFD than in those fed
the NFD for 3, 7, or 28 days or 14 weeks, whereas the hepatic Lbp mRNA
level did not differ between the groups. The Lbp mRNA level in mWAT was
also increased by the HFD in germ-free mice, which do not have gut microbiota, the source
of LPS. The plasma LPS level did not show a significant correlation with the mWAT
Lbp mRNA level. The total FFA content in mWAT was higher in mice fed
the HFD than in those fed the NFD and positively correlated with the Lbp
mRNA level. Supplementation with palmitic acid increased the Lbp mRNA
level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We propose that local FFAs, but not circulating LPS, are the
trigger for increased Lbp expression in mWAT of mice fed the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami SEKI
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akiho MIWA
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Fumina OHSAKA
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yugo KARATSU
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takeshi TSURUTA
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 2-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shingo HINO
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tatsuya MORITA
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kei SONOYAMA
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Consumption of indigestible saccharides and administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum reduce mucosal serotonin in murine colonic mucosa. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:513-525. [PMID: 33849681 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCFA increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) synthesis and content in the colon in vitro and ex vivo, but little is known in vivo. We tested whether dietary indigestible saccharides, utilised as a substrate to produce SCFA by gut microbiota, would increase colonic 5-HT content in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a purified diet and water supplemented with 4 % (w/v) 1-kestose (KES) for 2 weeks. Colonic 5-HT content and enterochromaffin (EC) cell numbers were lower in mice supplemented with KES than those without supplementation, while monoamine oxidase A activity and mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), chromogranin A (Chga), Slc6a4 and monoamine oxidase A (Maoa) genes in the colonic mucosa, serum 5-HT concentration and total 5-HT content in the colonic contents did not differ between groups. Caecal acetate concentration and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum population were higher in KES-supplemented mice. Similar trends were observed in mice supplemented with other indigestible saccharides, that is, fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and raffinose. Intragastric administration of live B. pseudolongum (108 colony-forming units/d) for 2 weeks reduced colonic 5-HT content and EC cell numbers. These results suggest that changes in synthesis, reuptake, catabolism and overflow of 5-HT in the colonic mucosa are not involved in the reduction of colonic 5-HT content by dietary indigestible saccharides in mice. We propose that gut microbes including B. pseudolongum could contribute to the reduction of 5-HT content in the colonic mucosa via diminishing EC cells.
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Ohsaka F, Karatsu Y, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Takemura N, Sonoyama K. Gut commensals suppress interleukin-2 production through microRNA-200/BCL11B and microRNA-200/ETS-1 axes in lamina propria leukocytes of murine large intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:808-814. [PMID: 33162030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in how microbiota influence the host intestinal immune system is not fully understood. We compared the expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs in lamina propria leukocytes (LPL) in the large intestines of germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Microarray analysis revealed different expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs between GF and SPF mice. Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the level of miR-200 family members was significantly higher in SPF mice than in GF mice. In silico prediction followed by qRT-PCR suggested that Bcl11b, Ets1, Gbp7, Stat5b, and Zeb1 genes were downregulated by the miR-200 family. Western blotting revealed that the expression of BCL11B and ETS-1, but not ZEB1, in large intestinal LPL was significantly lower in SPF mice than in GF mice. Interleukin (IL)-2 production in cultured LPL upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for 24 h was significantly lower in SPF mice than in GF mice. Conventionalization of GF mice substantially recapitulated SPF mice in terms of the expression of miR-200 family members and their target genes and IL-2 production in large intestinal LPL. Considering that BCL11B and ETS-1 reportedly function as transcription factors to activate the Il2 gene, we propose that the presence of gut commensals suppresses IL-2 production in large intestinal LPL, at least in part through post-transcriptional downregulation of Bcl11b and Ets1 genes by miR-200 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumina Ohsaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yugo Karatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoki Takemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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