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Stephens CJ, Kobayashi R, Berry DC, Butcher JT. The Role of Matrix Stiffness And Viscosity on Lipid Phenotype And Fat Lineage Potential. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 39165245 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat transfer is a common procedure that patients undergo to rejuvenate large soft tissue defects. However, these surgeries are complicated by limited tissue sources, donor-site morbidity, and necrosis. While the biofabrication of fat tissue can serve as a clinical option for reconstructive surgery, the influence of matrix mechanics, specifically stiffness and viscosity, on adipogenesis requires further elucidation. Additionally, the effects of these mechanical parameters on metabolic and thermogenic fat potential have yet to be investigated. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) polymers with varying degrees of methacrylation (DoM) were fabricated to create matrices with different stiffnesses and viscosities. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were then encapsulated in mechanically tunable GelMA and underwent adipogenesis to investigate the effects of matrix mechanics on lipid phenotype and fat potential. Mechanical testing confirmed that GelMA stiffness was regulated by DoM and weight composition, whereas viscosity was determined by the latter. Further work revealed that while lipid phenotype became more enriched as matrix stiffness and viscosity declined, the potential toward metabolic and thermogenic fat appeared to be more viscous dependent rather than stiffness dependent. In addition, fatty acid binding protein 4 and uncoupling protein 1 gene expression exhibited viscous-dependent behavior despite comparable levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. However, despite the superior role of viscosity, lipid quantity and mitochondrial abundance demonstrated stiffness-dependent behavior. Overall, this work revealed that matrix viscosity played a more superior role than stiffness in driving adipogenesis and distinguishing between metabolic and thermogenic fat potential. Ultimately, this differentiation in fat production is important for engineering ideal adipose tissue for large soft tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Stephens
- Cornell University, Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Reina Kobayashi
- Cornell University, Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Berry
- College of Human Ecology, Division of Nutrition Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Cornell University, Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Blade SP, Falkowski DJ, Bachand SN, Pagano SJ, Chin L. Mechanobiology of Adipocytes. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:434. [PMID: 38927314 PMCID: PMC11200640 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The growing obesity epidemic necessitates increased research on adipocyte and adipose tissue function and disease mechanisms that progress obesity. Historically, adipocytes were viewed simply as storage for excess energy. However, recent studies have demonstrated that adipocytes play a critical role in whole-body homeostasis, are involved in cell communication, experience forces in vivo, and respond to mechanical stimuli. Changes to the adipocyte mechanical microenvironment can affect function and, in some cases, contribute to disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the mechanobiology of adipocytes. We reviewed over 100 papers on how mechanical stress is sensed by the adipocyte, the effects on cell behavior, and the use of cell culture scaffolds, particularly those with tunable stiffness, to study adipocyte behavior, adipose cell and tissue mechanical properties, and computational models. From our review, we conclude that adipocytes are responsive to mechanical stimuli, cell function and adipogenesis can be dictated by the mechanical environment, the measurement of mechanical properties is highly dependent on testing methods, and current modeling practices use many different approaches to recapitulate the complex behavior of adipocytes and adipose tissue. This review is intended to aid future studies by summarizing the current literature on adipocyte mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Blade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA; (S.P.B.); (D.J.F.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Dylan J. Falkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA; (S.P.B.); (D.J.F.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Sarah N. Bachand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA; (S.P.B.); (D.J.F.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Steven J. Pagano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA;
| | - LiKang Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA; (S.P.B.); (D.J.F.); (S.N.B.)
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Urano K, Tanaka Y, Tominari T, Takatoya M, Arai D, Miyata S, Matsumoto C, Miyaura C, Numabe Y, Itoh Y, Hirata M, Inada M. The stiffness and collagen control differentiation of osteoclasts with an altered expression of c-Src in podosome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149636. [PMID: 38402724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are hematopoietic cells attached to the bones containing type I collagen-deposited hydroxyapatite during bone resorption. Two major elements determine the stiffness of bones: regular calcified bone (bone that is resorbable by osteoclasts) and un-calcified osteoid bone (bone that is un-resorbable by osteoclasts). The osteolytic cytokine RANKL promotes osteoclast differentiation; however, the roles of the physical interactions of osteoclasts with calcified and un-calcified bone at the sealing zones and the subsequent cellular signaling remain unclear. In this study, we investigated podosomes, actin-rich adhesion structures (actin-ring) in the sealing zone that participates in sensing hard stiffness with collagen in the physical environment during osteoclast differentiation. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation induction was promoted when Raw264.7 cells were cultured on collagen-coated plastic dishes but not on non-coated plastic dishes, which was associated with the increased expression of podosome-related genes and Src. In contrast, when cells were cultured on collagen gel, expression of podosome-related genes and Src were not upregulated. The induction of podosome-related genes and Src requires hard stiffness with RGD-containing substratum and integrin-mediated F-actin polymerization. These results indicate that osteoclasts sense both the RGD sequence and stiffness of calcified collagen through their podosome components regulating osteoclast differentiation via the c-Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Urano
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masaru Takatoya
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daichi Arai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Inada Research Unit, Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Inada Research Unit, Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Inada Research Unit, Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Wu Y, Li Y, Sun M, Yu F, Liu H, Xu J, Tang X. FAP deficiency enhances thermogenesis and attenuates metabolic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:528-539. [PMID: 38100123 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is expressed in normal adipose tissue and related to some pleiotropic metabolic regulators. However, the exact role and mechanism of FAP in obesity and related metabolic disorders are not well understood. METHODS FAP knockout mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. FAP knockout mice or wild-type mice treated with an FAP inhibitor were subjected to cold stress for 5 days. RESULTS FAP deficiency protected mice against HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, FAP deficiency largely reversed obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M1-M2 imbalance in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, energy expenditure was significantly higher in FAP-deficient mice fed an HFD. Both FAP deficiency and inhibition increased cold tolerance through enhancing WAT beiging. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FAP deficiency protects mice against diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the protective effects are probably mediated via the promotion of WAT beiging and suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fangliu Yu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xingli Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Desevin K, Cortez BN, Lin JZ, Lama D, Layne MD, Farmer SR, Rabhi N. Adrenergic Reprogramming of Preexisting Adipogenic Trajectories Steer Naïve Mural Cells Toward Beige Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.26.554950. [PMID: 37662295 PMCID: PMC10473761 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.26.554950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In adult white adipose tissue, cold or β3-adrenoceptor activation promotes the appearance of thermogenic beige adipocytes. Our comprehensive single-cell analysis revealed that these cells arise through the reprogramming of existing adipogenic trajectories, rather than from a single precursor. These trajectories predominantly arise from SM22-expressing vascular mural progenitor cells. Central in this transition is the activation of Adrb3 in mature adipocytes, leading to subsequent upregulation of Adrb1 in primed progenitors. Under thermoneutral conditions, synergistic activation of both Adrb3 and Adrb1 recapitulates the pattern of cold-induced SM22+ cell recruitment. Lipolysis-derived eicosanoids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) prime these processes and in vitro, were sufficient to recapitulate progenitor cells priming. Collectively, our findings provide a robust model for cold-induced beige adipogenesis, emphasizing a profound relationship between mature adipocytes and mural cells during cold acclimation, and revealing the metabolic potential of this unique cellular reservoir.
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Solivan-Rivera J, Yang Loureiro Z, DeSouza T, Desai A, Pallat S, Yang Q, Rojas-Rodriguez R, Ziegler R, Skritakis P, Joyce S, Zhong D, Nguyen T, Corvera S. A neurogenic signature involving monoamine Oxidase-A controls human thermogenic adipose tissue development. eLife 2022; 11:e78945. [PMID: 36107478 PMCID: PMC9519151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that control 'beige/brite' thermogenic adipose tissue development may be harnessed to improve human metabolic health. To define these mechanisms, we developed a species-hybrid model in which human mesenchymal progenitor cells were used to develop white or thermogenic/beige adipose tissue in mice. The hybrid adipose tissue developed distinctive features of human adipose tissue, such as larger adipocyte size, despite its neurovascular architecture being entirely of murine origin. Thermogenic adipose tissue recruited a denser, qualitatively distinct vascular network, differing in genes mapping to circadian rhythm pathways, and denser sympathetic innervation. The enhanced thermogenic neurovascular network was associated with human adipocyte expression of THBS4, TNC, NTRK3, and SPARCL1, which enhance neurogenesis, and decreased expression of MAOA and ACHE, which control neurotransmitter tone. Systemic inhibition of MAOA, which is present in human but absent in mouse adipocytes, induced browning of human but not mouse adipose tissue, revealing the physiological relevance of this pathway. Our results reveal species-specific cell type dependencies controlling the development of thermogenic adipose tissue and point to human adipocyte MAOA as a potential target for metabolic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Solivan-Rivera
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Zinger Yang Loureiro
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Anand Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Sabine Pallat
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Qin Yang
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Rachel Ziegler
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Pantos Skritakis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Shannon Joyce
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Denise Zhong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tammy Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
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7
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Baruffaldi D, Palmara G, Pirri C, Frascella F. 3D Cell Culture: Recent Development in Materials with Tunable Stiffness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2233-2250. [PMID: 35014348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that three-dimensional cell culture systems simulate physiological conditions better than traditional 2D systems. Although extracellular matrix components strongly modulate cell behavior, several studies underlined the importance of mechanosensing in the control of different cell functions such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Human tissues are characterized by different degrees of stiffness, and various pathologies (e.g., tumor or fibrosis) cause changes in the mechanical properties through the alteration of the extracellular matrix structure. Additionally, these modifications have an impact on disease progression and on therapy response. Hence, the development of platforms whose stiffness could be modulated may improve our knowledge of cell behavior under different mechanical stress stimuli. In this review, we have analyzed the mechanical diversity of healthy and diseased tissues, and we have summarized recently developed materials with a wide range of stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Baruffaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,Center for Sustainable Futures@Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, Turin 10144, Italy
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.,PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
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