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Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
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2
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Sagmeister T, Gubensäk N, Buhlheller C, Grininger C, Eder M, Ðordić A, Millán C, Medina A, Murcia PAS, Berni F, Hynönen U, Vejzović D, Damisch E, Kulminskaya N, Petrowitsch L, Oberer M, Palva A, Malanović N, Codée J, Keller W, Usón I, Pavkov-Keller T. The molecular architecture of Lactobacillus S-layer: Assembly and attachment to teichoic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401686121. [PMID: 38838019 PMCID: PMC11181022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401686121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
S-layers are crystalline arrays found on bacterial and archaeal cells. Lactobacillus is a diverse family of bacteria known especially for potential gut health benefits. This study focuses on the S-layer proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus amylovorus common in the mammalian gut. Atomic resolution structures of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins SlpA and SlpX exhibit domain swapping, and the obtained assembly model of the main S-layer protein SlpA aligns well with prior electron microscopy and mutagenesis data. The S-layer's pore size suggests a protective role, with charged areas aiding adhesion. A highly similar domain organization and interaction network are observed across the Lactobacillus genus. Interaction studies revealed conserved binding areas specific for attachment to teichoic acids. The structure of the SlpA S-layer and the suggested incorporation of SlpX as well as its interaction with teichoic acids lay the foundation for deciphering its role in immune responses and for developing effective treatments for a variety of infectious and bacteria-mediated inflammation processes, opening opportunities for targeted engineering of the S-layer or lactobacilli bacteria in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Sagmeister
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | | | - Markus Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Anđela Ðordić
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Ana Medina
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Pedro Alejandro Sánchez Murcia
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Francesca Berni
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Hynönen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Djenana Vejzović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | | | - Lukas Petrowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Nermina Malanović
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Jeroen Codée
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden2333, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria8010
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
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3
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Sha Y, Yan Q, Liu J, Yu J, Xu S, He Z, Ren J, Qu J, Zheng S, Wang G, Dong W. Homologous genes shared between probiotics and pathogens affect the adhesion of probiotics and exclusion of pathogens in the gut mucus of shrimp. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1195137. [PMID: 37389343 PMCID: PMC10301755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1195137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clarifying mechanisms underlying the selective adhesion of probiotics and competitive exclusion of pathogens in the intestine is a central theme for shrimp health. Under experimental manipulation of probiotic strain (i.e., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HC-2) adhesion to the shrimp mucus, this study tested the core hypothesis that homologous genes shared between probiotic and pathogen would affect the adhesion of probiotics and exclusion of pathogens by regulating the membrane proteins of probiotics. Results indicated that the reduction of FtsH protease activity, which significantly correlated with the increase of membrane proteins, could increase the adhesion ability of L. plantarum HC-2 to the mucus. These membrane proteins mainly involved in transport (glycine betaine/carnitine/choline ABC transporter choS, ABC transporter, ATP synthase subunit a atpB, amino acid permease) and regulation of cellular processes (histidine kinase). The genes encoding the membrane proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated except those encoding ABC transporters and histidine kinases in L. plantarum HC-2 when co-cultured with Vibrio parahaemolyticus E1, indicating that these genes could help L. plantarum HC-2 to competitively exclude pathogens. Moreover, an arsenal of genes predicted to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism and bacteria-host interactions were identified in L. plantarum HC-2, indicating a clear strain adaption to host's gastrointestinal tract. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of the selective adhesion of probiotics and competitive exclusion of pathogens in the intestine, and has important implications for screening and applying new probiotics for maintaining gut stability and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sha
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Shicai Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhili He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Shiying Zheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Swine Health Big Data and Intelligent Monitoring, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Weiying Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
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4
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Neidhöfer C, Rathore K, Parčina M, Sieber MA. ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050871. [PMID: 37237774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Combatting the rapidly growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and reducing prevalence and transmission of ESKAPEE pathogens in healthcare settings requires innovative strategies, one of which is displacing these pathogens using beneficial microorganisms. Our review comprehensively examines the evidence of probiotic bacteria displacing ESKAPEE pathogens, with a focus on inanimate surfaces. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases on 21 December 2021, and 143 studies were identified examining the effects of Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus spp. cells and products on the growth, colonization, and survival of ESKAPEE pathogens. While the diversity of study methods limits evidence analysis, results presented by narrative synthesis demonstrate that several species have the potential as cells or their products or supernatants to displace nosocomial infection-causing organisms in a variety of in vitro and in vivo settings. Our review aims to aid the development of new promising approaches to control pathogen biofilms in medical settings by informing researchers and policymakers about the potential of probiotics to combat nosocomial infections. More targeted studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of different probiotic formulations, followed by large-scale studies to assess utility in infection control and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Neidhöfer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kamni Rathore
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin A Sieber
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Yu Q, Wang W, Liu X, Shen W, Gu R, Tang C. The Antioxidant Activity and Protection of Probiotic Bacteria in the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of a Blueberry Juice and Whey Protein Fermentation System. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries have received great attention due to the health effects of their bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-obesity properties. Probiotics also have these health-promoting benefits. However, these biological activities may be affected by the processs of gastrointestinal digestion, which decreases their functionality. This study aimed to use a more convenient method to improve the blueberries’ antioxidant activity and protective effects on probiotic cells by fermentation with whey protein, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. This result showed that the total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and probiotic cells’ survival in a blueberry juice and whey protein fermentation system were enhanced in a model of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The bioactive compounds in blueberry juice interacted with whey protein, as shown through FTIR. The stability of phenolic compounds was enhanced, and the release of functional compounds in the mixture fermentation system was delayed through CLSM. Interactions between bioactive compounds in blueberries, whey protein, and bacterial surface proteins, glycoproteins or polysaccharides during fermentation were studied by SDS-PAGE. Thus, the stability of bioactive activities in the mixed system after fermentation was strengthened by the interaction. The mixed fermentation system has promising potential for improving antioxidant activity and protecting probiotic cells.
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Li F. An exploration of alginate oligosaccharides modulating intestinal inflammatory networks via gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072151. [PMID: 36778853 PMCID: PMC9909292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) can be obtained by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The products obtained by different methods have different structures and physiological functions. AOS have received increasing interest because of their many health-promoting properties. AOS have been reported to exert protective roles for intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota, which is closely associated with intestinal inflammation, gut barrier strength, bacterial infection, tissue injury, and biological activities. However, the roles of AOS in intestinal inflammation network remain not well understood. A review of published reports may help us to establish the linkage that AOS may improve intestinal inflammation network by affecting T helper type 1 (Th1) Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and their secreted cytokines [the hub genes of protein-protein interaction networks include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] via the regulation of probiotics. The potential functional roles of molecular mechanisms are explored in this study. However, the exact mechanism for the direct interaction between AOS and probiotics or pathogenic bacteria is not yet fully understood. AOS receptors may be located on the plasma membrane of gut microbiota and will be a key solution to address such an important issue. The present paper provides a better understanding of the protecting functions of AOS on intestinal inflammation and immunity.
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Journey of the Probiotic Bacteria: Survival of the Fittest. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010095. [PMID: 36677387 PMCID: PMC9861974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to bring a more general view of the technological and biological challenges regarding production and use of probiotic bacteria in promoting human health. After a brief description of the current concepts, the challenges for the production at an industrial level are presented from the physiology of the central metabolism to the ability to face the main forms of stress in the industrial process. Once produced, these cells are processed to be commercialized in suspension or dried forms or added to food matrices. At this stage, the maintenance of cell viability and vitality is of paramount for the quality of the product. Powder products requires the development of strategies that ensure the integrity of components and cellular functions that allow complete recovery of cells at the time of consumption. Finally, once consumed, probiotic cells must face a very powerful set of physicochemical mechanisms within the body, which include enzymes, antibacterial molecules and sudden changes in pH. Understanding the action of these agents and the induction of cellular tolerance mechanisms is fundamental for the selection of increasingly efficient strains in order to survive from production to colonization of the intestinal tract and to promote the desired health benefits.
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Qin D, Ma Y, Wang Y, Hou X, Yu L. Contribution of Lactobacilli on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Diseases: Perspectives and Challenges of Lactobacillus casei. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111910. [PMID: 36431045 PMCID: PMC9696601 DOI: 10.3390/life12111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestine barrier, the front line of normal body defense, relies on its structural integrity, microbial composition and barrier immunity. The intestinal mucosal surface is continuously exposed to a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms. Although it occupies a relatively small proportion of the intestinal microbiota, Lactobacilli has been discovered to have a significant impact on the intestine tract in previous studies. It is undeniable that some Lactobacillus strains present probiotic properties through maintaining the micro-ecological balance via different mechanisms, such as mucosal barrier function and barrier immunity, to prevent infection and even to solve some neurology issues by microbiota-gut-brain/liver/lung axis communication. Notably, not only living cells but also Lactobacillus derivatives (postbiotics: soluble secreted products and para-probiotics: cell structural components) may exert antipathogenic effects and beneficial functions for the gut mucosal barrier. However, substantial research on specific effects, safety and action mechanisms in vivo should be done. In clinical application of humans and animals, there are still doubts about the precise evaluation of Lactobacilli's safety, therapeutic effect, dosage and other aspects. Therefore, we provide an overview of central issues on the impacts of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and their products on the intestinal mucosal barrier and some diseases and highlight the urgent need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Qin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-4596-819-290 (X.H. & L.Y.); Fax: +86-4596-819-292 (X.H. & L.Y.)
| | - Liyun Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-4596-819-290 (X.H. & L.Y.); Fax: +86-4596-819-292 (X.H. & L.Y.)
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