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Niu X, Shen Y, Wen Y, Mi X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Ding Z. KTN1 mediated unfolded protein response protects keratinocytes from ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:24-33. [PMID: 38448340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the cytoprotective mechanisms against various stresses and essential for the normal function of skin. Skin injury caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is a common side effect of radiotherapy and it is unclear how UPR affects IR-induced skin injury. OBJECTIVES To verify the effect of UPR on IR-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes and the relation between an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein KTN1 and UPR. METHODS All experiments were performed on keratinocytes models: HaCaT and HEK-A. ER lumen and the expression levels of KTN1 and UPR pathway proteins (PERK, IRE1α and ATF6) were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting, respectively. 4-PBA, an UPR inhibitor, was used to detected its effects on DNA damage and cell proliferation. Subsequently, the effects of KTN1 deletion on UPR, DNA damage and cell proliferation after IR were detected. Tunicamycin was used to reactivate UPR and then we examined its effects on DNA damage. RESULTS UPR was activated by IR in keratinocytes. Inhibition of UPR aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR. KTN1 expression was upregulated by IR and KTN1 depletion reduced ER expansion and the expression of UPR-related proteins. Moreover, KTN1 depletion aggravated DNA damage and suppressed cell proliferation after IR could reversed by reactivation of UPR. CONCLUSION KTN1 deletion aggravates IR-induced keratinocyte DNA damage via inhibiting UPR. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of keratinocytes in response to IR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Niu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Wen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Mi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Frascogna C, Mottareale R, La Verde G, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Pugliese M, Panzetta V. Role of the mechanical microenvironment on CD-44 expression of breast adenocarcinoma in response to radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38172135 PMCID: PMC10764959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of ionizing radiation are exploited in the clinical practice of radiotherapy to destroy tumour cells while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. While most of the radiotherapy research focused on DNA damage and repair, recently a great attention is going to cells' interactions with the mechanical microenvironment of both malignant and healthy tissues after exposure. In fact, the stiffness of the extracellular matrix can modify cells' motility and spreading through the modulation of transmembrane proteins and surface receptors' expression, such as CD-44. CD-44 receptor has held much interest also in targeted-therapy due to its affinity with hyaluronic acid, which can be used to functionalize biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapy drugs for targeted therapy. We evaluated changes in CD-44 expression in two mammary carcinoma cell lines (MCF10A and MDA-MB-231) after exposure to X-ray (2 or 10 Gy). To explore the role of the mechanical microenvironment, we mimicked tissues' stiffness with polyacrylamide's substrates producing two different elastic modulus values (0.5 and 15 kPa). We measured a dose dependent increase in CD-44 relative expression in tumour cells cultured in a stiffer microenvironment. These findings highlight a crucial connection between the mechanical properties of the cell's surroundings and the post-radiotherapy expression of surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Frascogna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Mottareale
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia Ed. 6, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre On Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia Ed. 6, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre On Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Afifi MM, El-Gebaly RH, Abdelrahman IY, Rageh MM. Efficacy of iron-silver bimetallic nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3647-3657. [PMID: 37289284 PMCID: PMC10643307 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the primary cancer treatment methods. Radiosensitizers are used to enhance RT and protect healthy tissue. Heavy metals have been studied as radiosensitizers. Thus, iron oxide and iron oxide/silver nanoparticles have been the main subjects of this investigation. A simple honey-based synthesis of iron (IONPs) and iron-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (IO@AgNPs) were prepared followed by characterization with transmission electron microscope (TEM), absorption spectra, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, Ehrlich carcinoma was induced in 30 adult BALB/c mice and divided into 6 groups. Mice of group G1 were not treated with nanoparticles or exposed to irradiation (control group), and group G2 and G3 were treated with IONPs and IO@AgNPs respectively. Mice of group G4 were exposed to a high dose of gamma radiation (HRD) (12 Gy). Groups G5 and G6 were treated with IONPs and IO@AgNPs followed by exposure to a low dose of gamma radiation (LRD) (6 Gy) respectively. The impact of NP on the treatment protocol was evaluated by checking tumor growth, DNA damage, and level of oxidative stress in addition to investigating tumor histopathology. Additional research on the toxicity of this protocol was also evaluated by looking at the liver's cytotoxicity. When compared to HRD therapy, combination therapy (bimetallic NPs and LRD) significantly increased DNA damage by about 75% while having a stronger efficacy in slowing Ehrlich tumor growth (at the end of treatment protocol) by about 45%. Regarding the biosafety concern, mice treated with combination therapy showed lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in their liver tissues by about half the value of HRD. IO@AgNPs enhanced the therapeutic effect of low-dose radiation and increased the efficacy of treating Ehrlich tumors with the least amount of harm to normal tissues as compared to high radiation dosage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Afifi
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem H El-Gebaly
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Y Abdelrahman
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Monira M Rageh
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang C, Zhao M, Xie J, Wang H, Gu Z, Sun F. Colon-Targeted Release of Gel Microspheres Loaded with Antioxidative Fullerenol for Relieving Radiation-Induced Colon Injury and Regulating Intestinal Flora. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301758. [PMID: 37657180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced colitis is a serious clinical problem worldwide. However, the current treatment options for this condition have limited efficacy and can cause side effects. To address this issue, colon-targeted fullerenol@pectin@chitosan gel microspheres (FPCGMs) are developed, which can aggregate on colon tissue for a long time, scavenge free radicals generated in the process of radiation, and regulate intestinal flora to mitigate damage to colonic tissue. First, FPCGMs exhibit acid resistance and colon-targeted release properties, which reduce gastrointestinal exposure and extend the local colonic drug residence time. Second, fullerenol, which has a superior scavenging ability and chemical stability, reduces oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells. Based on this, it is found that FPCGMs significantly reduce inflammation in colonic tissue, mitigated damage to tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells, and significantly relieved radiation-induced colitis in mice. Moreover, 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing results show that the composition of the intestinal flora is optimized after FPCGMs are utilized, indicating that the relative abundance of probiotics increases while harmful bacteria are inhibited. These findings suggest that it is a promising candidate for treating radiation-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiani Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Bute B, Alkis ME. Anticancer activity of methotrexate in electrochemotherapy and electrochemotherapy plus ionizing radiation treatments in human breast cancer cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:28. [PMID: 36459220 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several limitations. Therefore, their performance must be enhanced with combined methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the efficacy of electroporation (EP) on the activity of methotrexate (MTX) and the combined treatment of electrochemotherapy (ECT) + ionizing radiation (IR) in MCF-7 cancer cells. Different treatment techniques, such as EP, MTX, MTX + EP (ECT), 140 kV X-ray alone (IR_140kV), 500 kV X-ray alone (IR_500kV), ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV, were applied to cancer cells. Eight electric pulse trains with square wave (800 V/cm, 100 µs and 1 Hz) were used in EP and ECT applications. The MTT assay was used to assess the efficacy of the therapies used. When the EP, MTX, ECT, IR_140kV, and IR_500kV treatment groups were compared to the control group, there was a significant reduction in MCF-7 cancer cells viability (p < 0.05). ECT was the most effective of these treatments, decreasing viability of cancer cells to 58.78%. The ECT + IR_140kV and ECT + IR_500kV groups were compared to the ECT group to examine the impact of X-ray radiation on ECT treatment. When compared to the ECT alone group, both groups that exposed to X-rays after ECT had a significant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). Furthermore, viability of MCF-7 cells reduced to 46.38% in the ECT + IR_140kV group and 35.89% in the ECT + IR_500kV group. In conclusion, the study shows that the cytotoxicity of MTX is significantly increased in ECT treatment compared to standard chemotherapy (p < 0.05). In addition, ECT + IR combined therapy application is much more effective than MTX or ECT treatments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bute
- Department of Nuclear Energy and Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Esref Alkis
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Guzeltepe, 49250, Muş, Turkey.
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Song KE, Park CY, Hong SH, Chung JI, Kim MC, Shim SI. Beneficial effects of gamma-irradiation of quinoa seeds on germination and growth. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:465-477. [PMID: 35833987 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is one of the crops well-adapted to high altitude regions that can grow relatively well under drought, humid, and high UV radiation conditions. This study was performed to investigate the effects of gamma-radiation on quinoa. Seeds were treated with various doses of 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 600 Gy, 800 Gy, and 1000 Gy. We investigated germination, as well as plant height, chlorophyll content, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at 0, 30, 44, 58, and 88 days after transplanting (DAT) and panicle weight at 88 DAT. The plants grown from the seeds treated at radiation doses greater than 200 Gy showed reduced values in most growth and physiological characteristics. The germination rate and germination speed were higher in the 50 Gy-treated seeds than in 0 Gy-treated (control) seeds. Plant height and panicle weight were highest in the plants from 50 Gy-treated seeds. Chlorophyll content was higher in all treated samples than in the controls. NDVI value showed the highest value in 0 Gy controls and plants treated with 50 Gy. The antioxidant activity was also higher in the plants from the seeds treated with 50 Gy and 100 Gy, showing a steady increase as the radiation dose increased even at 200 Gy. The plants from seeds treated with 0 Gy showed higher expression of proteins related to photorespiration and tubulin chains. The plants from seeds treated with 50 Gy induced more stress-responsive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Eun Song
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Plant Life Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Chung
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-In Shim
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
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Mohammed MR, El-Bahkery AM, Shedid SM. The Influence of Different γ-Irradiation Patterns on Factors that May Affect Cell Cycle Progression in Male Rats. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221117898. [PMID: 35982824 PMCID: PMC9379971 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of the biological effects of ionizing radiation have been done on a
single acute dose, while clinically and environmentally exposures occur under
chronic/repetitive conditions. It is important to study effects of different
patterns of ionizing radiation. In this study, a rat model was used to compare
the effects of repetitive and acute exposure. Groups: (I) control, (II, III)
were exposed to fractionated doses (1.5 GyX4) and (2 GyX4), respectively/24h
interval, and (IV, V) were exposed to 6 Gy and 8 Gy of whole-body gamma
irradiation, respectively. The gene expression of MAPT and tau phosphorylation
increased in all irradiated groups but the gene expression of PKN not affected.
TGFβ% increased at dose of 2 GyX4 only. In addition, the cell cycle was arrested
in S phase. Micronucleus (MN) increased and cell proliferation decreased. In
conclusion, the dose and pattern of ionizing radiation do not affect the MAPT
and PKN gene expression, but TGF-β, p-tau, MN assay and cell proliferation are
significantly affected. The dose of 2 GyX4 showed distinctive effect. Repetitive
exposure may increase TGF-β%, which causes radio-resistance and, G2/M delay.
Thus, the cell cycle could be regulated in a different manner according to the
dose and pattern of irradiation.
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