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Maccora I, Ebert JJ, Schulert GS, Quinlan-Waters M, Duell A, Huggins JL, Sapp CC, Nguyen T, Srivastava SK, Sood AB, Angeles-Han ST. Treatment and Visual Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy: A Cohort Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39254738 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2401146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (NIV), formerly called "ADNIV," is a rare autoinflammatory condition mainly of adulthood caused by mutations in calcium-activated calpain-5 protease (CAPN5). Our aim is to report the treatment and visual outcomes of children newly diagnosed with NIV after systemic treatment. METHODS We reviewed charts of patients ≤18 years old with CAPN5 gene mutation, ocular findings consistent with NIV, and treated with systemic immunosuppression for a minimum of 6 months. Treatment response was based on ophthalmic examination, ultra-widefield fluorescein-angiography (UWFFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Eight children (16 eyes) were diagnosed with NIV at a median age of 14 (Range [R] 9-16) years, with a median follow-up of 18 months (R6-20). At diagnosis, one patient had impaired visual acuity (VA > 0.4), eight had vascular leakage, two had neovascularization, and three had macular edema. All responded to oral or local glucocorticoids but was not sustained. Systemic immunosuppression was started in seven patients with methotrexate and infliximab after a median time from diagnosis of 1.5 months (R0.5-2) and 3.2 months (R2.5-3.1), respectively. Infliximab was discontinued in all after a median time of 7 months (R3.5-10) for ineffectiveness, and 5/7 switched to tocilizumab and 1 to adalimumab. Five failed to respond (4 tocilizumab, 1 adalimumab) and one had a minimal response to tocilizumab. CONCLUSIONS We report on the systemic treatment response of seven children with ADNIV treated with methotrexate, infliximab, and tocilizumab. None were able to control disease. Further studies are needed to understand long-term outcomes and the utility of systemic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maccora
- Rheumatology Unit, ERN ReConnet Center, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- NeuroFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jared J Ebert
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Ophthalmology Department, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Grant S Schulert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan Quinlan-Waters
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandra Duell
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer L Huggins
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron C Sapp
- Ophthalmology Department, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Ophthalmology Department, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Arjun B Sood
- Retina Associates of Western NY, PC, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sheila T Angeles-Han
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Chukai Y, Sudo T, Fukuda T, Tomita H, Sugano E, Ozaki T. Proteolysis of mitochondrial calpain-13 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101768. [PMID: 39050013 PMCID: PMC11267081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases activated by intracellular Ca2+. Although calpains mainly exist in the cytosol, calpain-13 is present in the mitochondria in mouse brains; however, the enzymatic properties and physiological functions of calpain-13 remain unknown. Hence, in this study, we predicted and evaluated the enzymatic properties of calpain-13. Based on our bioinformatic approaches, calpain-13 possessed a catalytic triad and EF-hand domain, similar to calpain-1, a well-studied calpain. Therefore, we hypothesized that calpain-13 had calpain-1-like enzymatic properties; however, calpain-13 was not proteolyzed in C57BL/6J mouse brains. Subsequently, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury caused proteolysis of mitochondrial calpain-13. Thus, our study showed that mitochondrial calpain-13 was proteolyzed in the mitochondria of the I/R injured mouse brain. This finding could be valuable in further research elucidating the involvement of calpain-13 in cell survival or death in brain diseases, such as cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Chukai
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toru Sudo
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Shidoji Y. Induction of Hepatoma Cell Pyroptosis by Endogenous Lipid Geranylgeranoic Acid-A Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Retinoic Acid. Cells 2024; 13:809. [PMID: 38786033 PMCID: PMC11119665 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on retinoid-based cancer prevention, spurred by the effects of vitamin A deficiency on gastric cancer and subsequent clinical studies on digestive tract cancer, unveils novel avenues for chemoprevention. Acyclic retinoids like 4,5-didehydrogeranylgeranoic acid (4,5-didehydroGGA) have emerged as potent agents against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), distinct from natural retinoids such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Mechanistic studies reveal GGA's unique induction of pyroptosis, a rapid cell death pathway, in HCC cells. GGA triggers mitochondrial superoxide hyperproduction and ER stress responses through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and modulates autophagy, ultimately activating pyroptotic cell death in HCC cells. Unlike ATRA-induced apoptosis, GGA and palmitic acid (PA) induce pyroptosis, underscoring their distinct mechanisms. While all three fatty acids evoke mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress responses, GGA and PA inhibit autophagy, leading to incomplete autophagic responses and pyroptosis, whereas ATRA promotes autophagic flux. In vivo experiments demonstrate GGA's potential as an anti-oncometabolite, inducing cell death selectively in tumor cells and thus suppressing liver cancer development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying GGA's anti-HCC effects and underscores its promising role in cancer prevention, highlighting its importance in HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
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Chukai Y, Ito G, Miki Y, Wakabayashi K, Itoh K, Sugano E, Tomita H, Fukuda T, Ozaki T. Role of calpain-5 in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130506. [PMID: 37949151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury exacerbate the prognosis of ischemic diseases. The cause of this exacerbation is partly a mitochondrial cell death pathway. Mitochondrial calpain-5 is proteolyzed/autolyzed under endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in inflammatory caspase-4 activation. However, the role of calpain-5 in I/R injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that calpain-5 is involved in ischemic brain disease. METHODS Mitochondria from C57BL/6J mice were extracted via centrifugation with/without proteinase K treatment. The expression and proteolysis/autolysis of calpain-5 were determined using western blotting. The mouse and human brains with I/R injury were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. HT22 cells were treated with tunicamycin and CAPN5 siRNA. RESULTS Calpain-5 was expressed in the mitochondria of mouse tissues. Mitochondrial calpain-5 in mouse brains was responsive to calcium earlier than cytosolic calpain-5 in vitro calcium assays and in vivo bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neurons were positive for calpain-5 in the normal brains of mice and humans. The expression of calpain-5 was increased in reactive astrocytes at human infarction sites. The knockdown of calpain-5 suppressed of cleaved caspase-11. CONCLUSIONS The neurons of human and mouse brains express calpain-5, which is proteolyzed/autolyzed in the mitochondria in the early stage of I/R injury and upregulated in reactive astrocytes in the end-stage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying I/R injury. Targeting the expression or activity of mitochondrial calpain-5 may suppress the inflammation during I/R injuries such as cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Chukai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ginga Ito
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
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Li Y, Ye Y, Li S, Feng J, Liu X, Che X, Jiang Q, Chen X. Transcriptomic analysis of the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory effects of dietary melatonin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109173. [PMID: 37879512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary melatonin (MT) levels on the antioxidant capacity, immunomodulatory, and transcriptional regulation of red swamp crayfish. Six experimental diets with different levels of MT (0, 22.5, 41.2, 82.7, 165.1, and 329.2 mg/kg diet) were fed to juvenile crayfish for 60 d. The transcriptome data of the control group and the group supplemented with dietary MT at 165.1 mg/kg were obtained using RNA-seq. In total, 3653 differentially expressed genes (2082 up-regulated and 1571 down-regulated) were identified. Pathways and genes related to antioxidant immune and growth performance were verified by qRT-PCR. The total hemocyte count, phagocytosis rate, and respiratory burst were significantly increased in the MT (165.1 mg/kg) group compared to the control group. Analysis of antioxidant immune-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas demonstrated that dietary MT (165.1 mg/kg) significantly increased activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity. At the transcriptional level, dietary MT up-regulated expression levels of genes associated with antioxidant immune and development, which included toll-like receptors, Crustin, C-type lectin, and so on. To conclude, MT could be used as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase immunity and antioxidant capacity and according to the broken line regression, the ideal MT concentration was the 159.02 mg/kg. Overall, this study demonstrates the role of melatonin in the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory of Procambarus clarkii, laying the foundation for the development of melatonin as a feed additive in the aquaculture of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Shidoji Y. Geranylgeranoic acid, a bioactive and endogenous fatty acid in mammals: a review. J Lipid Res 2023:100396. [PMID: 37247782 PMCID: PMC10320608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) was first reported in 1983 as one of the mevalonic acid (MVA) metabolites, but its biological significance was not studied for a long time. Our research on the antitumor effects of retinoids led us to GGA, one of the acyclic retinoids that induce cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines. We were able to demonstrate the presence of endogenous GGA in various tissues of male rats, including the liver, testis, and cerebrum, by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of GGA from MVA in mammals including humans was confirmed by isotopomer spectral analysis using 13C-labeled mevalonolactone and cultured hepatoma cells, and the involvement of hepatic monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) in the biosynthesis of GGA was also demonstrated. The biological activity of GGA was analyzed from the retinoid (differentiation induction) and non-retinoid (cell death induction) aspects, and in particular, the non-retinoid mechanism by which GGA induces cell death in hepatoma cells was found to involve pyroptosis via ER-stress responses initiated by TLR4 signaling. In addition to these effects of GGA, we also describe the in vivo effects of GGA on reproduction. In this review, based mainly on our published papers, we have shown that hepatic MAOB is involved in the biosynthesis of GGA and that GGA induces cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines by non-canonical pyroptosis, one of the mechanisms of sterile inflammatory cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Zhan M, Wen L, Zhu M, Gong J, Xi C, Wen H, Xu G, Shen H. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Molecular Responses in Eriocheir sinensis with Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1267. [PMID: 36138745 PMCID: PMC9495758 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) is a highly lethal disease that first emerged in 2015 in Jiangsu Province, China. So far, most researchers believe that this disease is caused by abiotic factors. However, its true pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the effects of HPND on the metabolism and other biological indicators of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were evaluated by integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics. Our findings demonstrate that the innate immunity, antioxidant activity, detoxification ability, and nervous system of the diseased crabs were affected. Additionally, metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein metabolism were dysregulated, and energy production was slightly increased. Moreover, the IL-17 signaling pathway was activated and high levels of autophagy and apoptosis occurred in diseased crabs, which may be related to hepatopancreas damage. The abnormal mitochondrial function and possible anaerobic metabolism observed in our study suggested that functional hypoxia may be involved in HPND progression. Furthermore, the activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were significantly inhibited, indicating that the diseased crabs were likely stressed by pesticides such as pyrethroids. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms altered in diseased crabs, as well as the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of HPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lujie Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Changjun Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Huaishun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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