1
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Lanata L, Scaglione F. Role of airway epithelium in viral respiratory infections: Can carbocysteine prevent or mitigate them? Immunology 2024; 172:329-342. [PMID: 38354831 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in airway epithelial homeostasis increase viral respiratory infections risk. Viral infections frequently are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, events that dramatically promote disease progression. Mechanism promoting the main respiratory viruses entry and virus-evocated innate and adaptive immune responses have now been elucidated, and an oxidative stress central role in these pathogenic processes has been recognized. Presence of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and other cells allows them to eliminate virus, but its excess alters the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses and proteases/anti-proteases and leads to uncontrolled inflammation, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability. Different upper and lower airway cell types also play a role in viral entry and infection. Carbocysteine is a muco-active drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties used for the management of several chronic respiratory diseases. Although the use of anti-oxidants has been proposed as an effective strategy in COPD exacerbations management, the molecular mechanisms that explain carbocysteine efficacy have not yet been fully clarified. The present review describes the most relevant features of the common respiratory virus pathophysiology with a focus on epithelial cells and oxidative stress role and reports data supporting a putative role of carbocysteine in viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Rahman MA, Amin MA, Yeasmin MN, Islam MZ. Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231186481. [PMID: 37461741 PMCID: PMC10350588 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231186481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 coronavirus, which primarily affects the lungs, is the source of the disease known as SARS-CoV-2. According to "Smoking and COVID-19: a scoping review," about 32% of smokers had a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia at their admission time and 15% of non-smokers had this case of COVID-19 pneumonia. We were able to determine which genes were expressed differently in each group by comparing the expression of gene transcriptomic datasets of COVID-19 patients, smokers, and healthy controls. In all, 37 dysregulated genes are common in COVID-19 patients and smokers, according to our analysis. We have applied all important methods namely protein-protein interaction, hub-protein interaction, drug-protein interaction, tf-gene interaction, and gene-MiRNA interaction of bioinformatics to analyze to understand deeply the connection between both smoking and COVID-19 severity. We have also analyzed Pathways and Gene Ontology where 5 significant signaling pathways were validated with previous literature. Also, we verified 7 hub-proteins, and finally, we validated a total of 7 drugs with the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most Nilufa Yeasmin
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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3
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Contreras PS, Tapia PJ, Jeong E, Ghosh S, Altan-Bonnet N, Puertollano R. Beta-coronaviruses exploit cellular stress responses by modulating TFEB and TFE3 activity. iScience 2023; 26:106169. [PMID: 36785787 PMCID: PMC9908431 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-coronaviruses have emerged as a severe threat to global health. Undercovering the interplay between host and beta-coronaviruses is essential for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing efficient treatments. Here we report that the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to beta-coronavirus infection by a mechanism that requires activation of calcineurin phosphatase. In the nucleus, TFEB and TFE3 bind to the promoter of multiple lysosomal and immune genes. Accordingly, MHV-induced upregulation of immune regulators is significantly decreased in TFEB/TFE3-depleted cells. Conversely, over-expression of either TFEB or TFE3 is sufficient to increase expression of several cytokines and chemokines. The reduced immune response observed in the absence of TFEB and TFE3 results in increased cellular survival of infected cells but also in reduced lysosomal exocytosis and decreased viral infectivity. These results suggest a central role of TFEB and TFE3 in cellular response to beta-coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S. Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo J. Tapia
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sourish Ghosh
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Shaaban EM, Ellakwa DE, Elaraby NM, Amr KS, Mohamadin AM. The effect of insulin-loaded gold and carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles on gene expression of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase in rats with diabetes type 1. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14447. [PMID: 36219732 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to see how effective subcutaneous (SC) insulin is and two different types of oral insulin-loaded nanoparticles (INS) including carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (CMCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) separately and compare their effects on glucokinase, pyruvate kinase gene expressions, and other parameters in diabetes type one male Wistar rats. Seven groups of ten male Wistar rats for each group were formed at random including four control groups (n = 10) and three treatment groups (n = 10). The control groups consisted of four control groups (10 rats for each) and three treatment groups (10 rats for each). Normal control rats were not given any treatment, as were diabetic rats that were not given any treatment, and diabetic rats that were given oral nanoparticles (CMCNPs and AuNPs). Diabetic rats were given subcutaneous insulin, oral insulin-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (INS-CMCNPs), and oral insulin-loaded gold nanoparticles (INS-AuNPs). The rats were treated for the final 3 weeks of the experiment, which lasted 4 weeks. CMCNPs and AuNPs presented a promising effect on pyruvate kinase and Glucokinase gene expressions compared to subcutaneous insulin. We also discovered that conjugating insulin to CMCNPs and AuNPs protects them from the insulin-degrading enzyme, which offers managed bioavailability. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of CMCNPs and AuNPs on several parameters and discovered that both have a significant effect in vivo, which enables glucose level regulation, and improves patient organ activity for better glucose consumption. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this paper, we discussed the effect of oral INS-CMCNPs and INS-AuNPs, and compared their effects on Glucokinase and pyruvate kinase gene expressions and other biochemical parameters in diabetes type one male Wistar rats. On the other hand, we investigated the impact of oral INS and subcutaneous insulin separately on the same parameters and their effect on the histology of the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. According to our research, as we discussed the different mechanisms of INS-CMCNPs and INS-AuNPs, they presented a promising effect compared to SC insulin. They can be used to keep oral insulin safe from the environment of the gastrointestinal system to overcome all the barriers, improve the therapeutic, and clinical outcomes of insulin by maintaining its desired concentration inside the body, ending the panic of the patient from receiving insulin by the SC injection by increasing his satisfaction with receiving accurate oral insulin doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mahmoud Shaaban
- Department of Quality Control, Hi Pharm Company for Manufacturing Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha Elsayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Sinai, Egypt
| | | | - Khalda Sayed Amr
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamadin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Scott TM, Solis-Leal A, Lopez JB, Robison RA, Berges BK, Pickett BE. Comparison of Intracellular Transcriptional Response of NHBE Cells to Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Washington and New York Strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1009328. [PMID: 36204651 PMCID: PMC9530606 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1009328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and caused a global pandemic resulting in millions of deaths and tens of millions of patients positive tests. While studies have shown a D614G mutation in the viral spike protein are more transmissible, the effects of this and other mutations on the host response, especially at the cellular level, are yet to be fully elucidated. In this experiment we infected normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with the Washington (D614) strain or the New York (G614) strains of SARS-CoV-2. We generated RNA sequencing data at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-infection (hpi) to improve our understanding of how the intracellular host response differs between infections with these two strains. We analyzed these data with a bioinformatics pipeline that identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and dysregulated signaling pathways. We detected over 2,000 DEGs, over 600 GO terms, and 29 affected pathways between the two infections. Many of these entities play a role in immune signaling and response. A comparison between strains and time points showed a higher similarity between matched time points than across different time points with the same strain in DEGs and affected pathways, but found more similarity between strains across different time points when looking at GO terms. A comparison of the affected pathways showed that the 24hpi samples of the New York strain were more similar to the 12hpi samples of the Washington strain, with a large number of pathways related to translation being inhibited in both strains. These results suggest that the various mutations contained in the genome of these two viral isolates may cause distinct effects on the host transcriptional response in infected host cells, especially relating to how quickly translation is dysregulated after infection. This comparison of the intracellular host response to infection with these two SARS-CoV-2 isolates suggest that some of the mechanisms associated with more severe disease from these viruses could include virus replication, metal ion usage, host translation shutoff, host transcript stability, and immune inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana M. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Antonio Solis-Leal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Population Health and Host-pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - J. Brandon Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Richard A. Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Bradford K. Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brett E. Pickett,
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6
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Tsermpini EE, Glamočlija U, Ulucan-Karnak F, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V. Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081609. [PMID: 36009328 PMCID: PMC9405444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a leading global health and economic challenge. What defines the disease’s progression is not entirely understood, but there are strong indications that oxidative stress and the defense against reactive oxygen species are crucial players. A big influx of immune cells to the site of infection is marked by the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Our article aims to highlight the critical role of oxidative stress in the emergence and severity of COVID-19 and, more importantly, to shed light on the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms. We have reviewed the available literature and clinical trials to extract the relevant genetic variants within the oxidative stress pathway associated with COVID-19 and the anti-oxidative therapies currently evaluated in the clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment, in particular clinical trials on glutathione and N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Una Glamočlija
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Khezri MR, Moloodsouri D, Hodaei D, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Therapeutic potential of loureirin A against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3011-3012. [PMID: 35355342 PMCID: PMC9110998 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Donya Moloodsouri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Darya Hodaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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8
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Bertran O, Martí D, Torras J, Turon P, Alemán C. Computer simulations on oxidative stress-induced reactions in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: a multi-scale approach. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3143-3155. [PMID: 35179698 PMCID: PMC8854484 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which occurs when an organism is exposed to an adverse stimulus that results in a misbalance of antioxidant and pro-oxidants species, is the common denominator of diseases considered as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 lethality. Indeed, reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress have been related to many virus pathogenicity. In this work, simulations have been performed on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to study what residues are more susceptible to be attacked by ·OH, which is one of the most reactive radicals associated to oxidative stress. The results indicate that isoleucine (ILE) probably plays a crucial role in modification processes driven by radicals. Accordingly, QM/MM-MD simulations have been conducted to study both the ·OH-mediated hydrogen abstraction of ILE residues and the induced modification of the resulting ILE radical through hydroxylation or nitrosylation reactions. All in all, in silico studies show the importance of the chemical environment triggered by oxidative stress on the modifications of the virus, which is expected to help for foreseeing the identification or development of antioxidants as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bertran
- Departament de Física EETAC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Esteve Terrades, 7, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain.
| | - Didac Martí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrasa 121, 08191, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química (DEQ) and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Elayadeth-Meethal M, Thazhathu Veettil A, Asaf M, Pramod S, Maloney SK, Martin GB, Rivero MJ, Sejian V, Naseef PP, Kuruniyan MS, Lee MRF. Comparative Expression Profiling and Sequence Characterization of ATP1A1 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Tropically Adapted Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2368. [PMID: 34438824 PMCID: PMC8388727 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an imminent threat to livestock production. One adaptation strategy is selection for heat tolerance. While it is established that the ATP1A1 gene and its product play an important role in the response to many stressors, there has been no attempt to characterize the sequence or to perform expression profiling of the gene in production animals. We undertook a field experiment to compare the expression profiles of ATP1A1 in heat-tolerant Vechur and Kasaragod cattle (Bos taurus indicus) with the profile of a heat-susceptible crossbreed (B. t. taurus × B. t. indicus). The cattle were exposed to heat stress while on pasture in the hot summer season. The environmental stress was quantified using the temperature humidity index (THI), while the heat tolerance of each breed was assessed using a heat tolerance coefficient (HTC). The ATP1A1 mRNA of Vechur cattle was amplified from cDNA and sequenced. The HTC varied significantly between the breeds and with time-of-day (p < 0.01). The breed-time-of-day interaction was also significant (p < 0.01). The relative expression of ATP1A1 differed between heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible breeds (p = 0.02). The expression of ATP1A1 at 08:00, 10:00 and 12:00, and the breed-time-of-day interaction, were not significant. The nucleotide sequence of Vechur ATP1A1 showed 99% homology with the B. t. taurus sequence. The protein sequence showed 98% homology with B. t. taurus cattle and with B. grunniens (yak) and 97.7% homology with Ovis aries (sheep). A molecular clock analysis revealed evidence of divergent adaptive evolution of the ATP1A1 gene favoring climate resilience in Vechur cattle. These findings further our knowledge of the relationship between the ATP1A1 gene and heat tolerance in phenotypically incongruent animals. We propose that ATP1A1 could be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) for heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India;
- Livestock Research Station, Thiruvazhamkunnu, Palakkad 678601, Kerala, India;
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Aravindakshan Thazhathu Veettil
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Animal Genetics and Breeding, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 680651, Kerala, India;
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad 673576, Kerala, India;
| | | | - Shane K. Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Graeme B. Martin
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi 560030, Bangalore, India;
| | | | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael R. F. Lee
- School of Sustainable Food and Farming, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport TF10 8NB, UK;
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10
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Lam SM, Zhang C, Wang Z, Ni Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Huang X, Mo L, Li J, Lee B, Mei M, Huang L, Shi M, Xu Z, Meng FP, Cao WJ, Zhou MJ, Shi L, Chua GH, Li B, Cao J, Wang J, Bao S, Wang Y, Song JW, Zhang F, Wang FS, Shui G. A multi-omics investigation of the composition and function of extracellular vesicles along the temporal trajectory of COVID-19. Nat Metab 2021; 3:909-922. [PMID: 34158670 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes represent a subtype of extracellular vesicle that is released through retrograde transport and fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane1. Although no perfect methodologies currently exist for the high-throughput, unbiased isolation of pure plasma exosomes2,3, investigation of exosome-enriched plasma fractions of extracellular vesicles can confer a glimpse into the endocytic pathway on a systems level. Here we conduct high-coverage lipidomics with an emphasis on sterols and oxysterols, and proteomic analyses of exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs hereafter) from patients at different temporal stages of COVID-19, including the presymptomatic, hyperinflammatory, resolution and convalescent phases. Our study highlights dysregulated raft lipid metabolism that underlies changes in EV lipid membrane anisotropy that alter the exosomal localization of presenilin-1 (PS-1) in the hyperinflammatory phase. We also show in vitro that EVs from different temporal phases trigger distinct metabolic and transcriptional responses in recipient cells, including in alveolar epithelial cells, which denote the primary site of infection, and liver hepatocytes, which represent a distal secondary site. In comparison to the hyperinflammatory phase, EVs from the resolution phase induce opposing effects on eukaryotic translation and Notch signalling. Our results provide insights into cellular lipid metabolism and inter-tissue crosstalk at different stages of COVID-19 and are a resource to increase our understanding of metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lesong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Ping Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gek Huey Chua
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Cao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Fujie Zhang
- The Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Filardo S, Di Pietro M, Diaco F, Romano S, Sessa R. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in SARS-CoV-2- and Chlamydia pneumoniae-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070723. [PMID: 34202515 PMCID: PMC8301438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the years, a growing number of studies have provided evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious agent-related cardiovascular diseases. Amongst the numerous respiratory pathogens, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus responsible for the global ongoing pandemic, and Chlamydia pneumoniae, a widely known intracellular obligate bacteria, seem to have an essential role in promoting reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. The present review highlights the common oxidative and inflammatory molecular pathways underlying the cardiovascular diseases associated with SARS-CoV-2 or C. pneumoniae infections. The main therapeutic and preventive approaches using natural antioxidant compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (F.D.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (F.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Fabiana Diaco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (F.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Silvio Romano
- Cardiology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi, 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.P.); (F.D.); (R.S.)
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12
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Chirumbolo S, Valdenassi L, Simonetti V, Bertossi D, Ricevuti G, Franzini M, Pandolfi S. Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107777. [PMID: 34020394 PMCID: PMC8112288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of reports in the literature is showing that medical ozone (O3) is used, with encouraging results, in treating COVID-19 patients, optimizing pain and symptoms relief, respiratory parameters, inflammatory and coagulation markers and the overall health status, so reducing significantly how much time patients underwent hospitalization and intensive care. To date, aside from mechanisms taking into account the ability of O3 to activate a rapid oxidative stress response, by up-regulating antioxidant and scavenging enzymes, no sound hypothesis was addressed to attempt a synopsis of how O3 should act on COVID-19. The knowledge on how O3 works on inflammation and thrombosis mechanisms is of the utmost importance to make physicians endowed with new guns against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This review tries to address this issue, so to expand the debate in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Simonetti
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianno Franzini
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy; Villa Mafalda Clinics via Monte delle Gioie, Rome, Italy
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