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Derardja AE, Pretzler M, Barkat M, Rompel A. Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Olive ( Olea europaea L., cv. Chemlal) Polyphenol Oxidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3099-3112. [PMID: 38291573 PMCID: PMC10870767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Among fruits susceptible to enzymatic browning, olive polyphenol oxidase (OePPO) stood out as being unisolated from a natural source until this study, wherein we successfully purified and characterized the enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of heated and nonheated OePPO revealed distinct molecular weights of 35 and 54 kDa, respectively, indicative of its oligomeric nature comprising active and C-terminal subunits. OePPO displayed latency, fully activating with 5 mM SDS under optimal conditions of pH 7.5 and 15 °C. The enzyme demonstrated monophenolase activity and showcased the highest efficiency toward hydroxytyrosol. Despite its low optimal temperature, OePPO exhibited high thermal resistance, maintaining stability up to 90 °C. However, beyond this threshold, the oligomeric enzyme disassociated, yielding a denatured main subunit and C-terminal fragments. Six OePPO genes were found in the fruits. Tryptic digestion identified the enzyme as mature OePPO1 (INSDC OY733096), while mass spectrometry detected the active form mass alongside several C-terminal fragments, revealing potential cleavage sites (Gly407, Tyr408).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala eddine Derardja
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie,
Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Laboratoire
Bioqual, INATAA, Université Frères
Mentouri, Constantine
1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Matthias Pretzler
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie,
Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Malika Barkat
- Laboratoire
Bioqual, INATAA, Université Frères
Mentouri, Constantine
1, Route de Ain El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie,
Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
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2
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Wei X, Tao K, Liu Z, Qin B, Su J, Luo Y, Zhao C, Liao J, Zhang J. The PPO family in Nicotiana tabacum is an important regulator to participate in pollination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38331761 PMCID: PMC10854075 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are type-3 copper enzymes and are involved in many biological processes. However, the potential functions of PPOs in pollination are not fully understood. In this work, we have screened 13 PPO members in Nicotiana. tabacum (named NtPPO1-13, NtPPOs) to explore their characteristics and functions in pollination. The results show that NtPPOs are closely related to PPOs in Solanaceae and share conserved domains except NtPPO4. Generally, NtPPOs are diversely expressed in different tissues and are distributed in pistil and male gametes. Specifically, NtPPO9 and NtPPO10 are highly expressed in the pistil and mature anther. In addition, the expression levels and enzyme activities of NtPPOs are increased after N. tabacum self-pollination. Knockdown of NtPPOs would affect pollen growth after pollination, and the purines and flavonoid compounds are accumulated in self-pollinated pistil. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that NtPPOs potentially play a role in the pollen tube growth after pollination through purines and flavonoid compounds, and will provide new insights into the role of PPOs in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wei
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengmei Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Boyuan Qin
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanbi Luo
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chunwen Zhao
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jugou Liao
- School of Life Science, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan Province, China.
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3
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Yuzugullu Karakus Y, Goc G, Zengin Karatas M, Balci Unver S, Yorke BA, Pearson AR. Investigation of how gate residues in the main channel affect the catalytic activity of Scytalidium thermophilum catalase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:101-112. [PMID: 38265876 PMCID: PMC10836395 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into molecular oxygen and water. In all monofunctional catalases the pathway that H2O2 takes to the catalytic centre is via the `main channel'. However, the structure of this channel differs in large-subunit and small-subunit catalases. In large-subunit catalases the channel is 15 Å longer and consists of two distinct parts, including a hydrophobic lower region near the heme and a hydrophilic upper region where multiple H2O2 routes are possible. Conserved glutamic acid and threonine residues are located near the intersection of these two regions. Mutations of these two residues in the Scytalidium thermophilum catalase had no significant effect on catalase activity. However, the secondary phenol oxidase activity was markedly altered, with kcat and kcat/Km values that were significantly increased in the five variants E484A, E484I, T188D, T188I and T188F. These variants also showed a lower affinity for inhibitors of oxidase activity than the wild-type enzyme and a higher affinity for phenolic substrates. Oxidation of heme b to heme d did not occur in most of the studied variants. Structural changes in solvent-chain integrity and channel architecture were also observed. In summary, modification of the main-channel gate glutamic acid and threonine residues has a greater influence on the secondary activity of the catalase enzyme, and the oxidation of heme b to heme d is predominantly inhibited by their conversion to aliphatic and aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunce Goc
- Department of Biology, Kocaeli University, Kabaoglu, Kocaeli, Izmit 41001, Türkiye
| | - Melis Zengin Karatas
- Department of Biology, Kocaeli University, Kabaoglu, Kocaeli, Izmit 41001, Türkiye
| | - Sinem Balci Unver
- Department of Biology, Kocaeli University, Kabaoglu, Kocaeli, Izmit 41001, Türkiye
| | - Briony A. Yorke
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, HARBOR, Universitat Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Liao J, Wei X, Tao K, Deng G, Shu J, Qiao Q, Chen G, Wei Z, Fan M, Saud S, Fahad S, Chen S. Phenoloxidases: catechol oxidase - the temporary employer and laccase - the rising star of vascular plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad102. [PMID: 37786731 PMCID: PMC10541563 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are vital for the adaptation of plants to terrestrial habitats and for species diversity. Phenoloxidases (catechol oxidases, COs, and laccases, LACs) are responsible for the oxidation and polymerization of phenolics. However, their origin, evolution, and differential roles during plant development and land colonization are unclear. We performed the phylogeny, domain, amino acids, compositional biases, and intron analyses to clarify the origin and evolution of COs and LACs, and analysed the structure, selective pressure, and chloroplast targeting to understand the species-dependent distribution of COs. We found that Streptophyta COs were not homologous to the Chlorophyta tyrosinases (TYRs), and might have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. COs expanded in bryophytes. Structural-functionality and selective pressure were partially responsible for the species-dependent retention of COs in embryophytes. LACs emerged in Zygnemaphyceae, having evolved from ascorbate oxidases (AAOs), and prevailed in the vascular plants and strongly expanded in seed plants. COs and LACs coevolved with the phenolic metabolism pathway genes. These results suggested that TYRs and AAOs were the first-stage phenoloxidases in Chlorophyta. COs might be the second key for the early land colonization. LACs were the third one (dominating in the vascular plants) and might be advantageous for diversified phenol substrates and the erect growth of plants. This work provided new insights into how phenoloxidases evolved and were devoted to plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugou Liao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, 671003, China
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gang Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jie Shu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Meihui Fan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University; Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650091, China
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5
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Li J, Deng ZY, Dong H, Tsao R, Liu X. Substrate specificity of polyphenol oxidase and its selectivity towards polyphenols: Unlocking the browning mechanism of fresh lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). Food Chem 2023; 424:136392. [PMID: 37244194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) causes the browning of lotus roots (LR), negatively affecting their nutrition and shelf-life. This study aimed to explore the specific selectivity of PPO toward polyphenol substrates, thus unlocking the browning mechanism of fresh LR. Results showed that two highly homologous PPOs were identified in LR and exhibited the highest catalytic activity at 35 ℃ and pH 6.5. Furthermore, the substrate specificity study revealed (-)-epigallocatechin had the lowest Km among the polyphenols identified in LR, while (+)-catechin showed the highest Vmax. The molecular docking further clarified that (-)-epigallocatechin exhibited lower docking energy and formed more hydrogen bonds and Pi-Alkyl interactions with LR PPO than (+)-catechin, while (+)-catechin entered the active cavity of PPO more quickly due to its smaller structure, both of which enhance their affinity to PPO. Thus, (+)-catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin are the most specific substrates responsible for the browning mechanism of fresh LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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6
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Wei X, Shu J, Fahad S, Tao K, Zhang J, Chen G, Liang Y, Wang M, Chen S, Liao J. Polyphenol oxidases regulate pollen development through modulating flavonoids homeostasis in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107702. [PMID: 37099880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is critical in plant reproduction. Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) genes encode defense-related enzymes, but the role of PPOs in pollen development remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized NtPPO genes, and then investigated their function in pollen via creating NtPPO9/10 double knockout mutant (cas-1), overexpression 35S::NtPPO10 (cosp) line and RNAi lines against all NtPPOs in Nicotiana tabacum. NtPPOs were abundantly expressed in the anther and pollen (especially NtPPO9/10). The pollen germination, polarity ratio and fruit weights were significantly reduced in the NtPPO-RNAi and cosp lines, while they were normal in cas-1 likely due to compensation by other NtPPO isoforms. Comparisons of metabolites and transcripts between the pollen of WT and NtPPO-RNAi, or cosp showed that decreased enzymatic activity of NtPPOs led to hyper-accumulation of flavonoids. This accumulation might reduce the content of ROS. Ca2+ and actin levels also decreased in pollen of the transgenic lines.Thus, the NtPPOs regulate pollen germination through the flavonoid homeostasis and ROS signal pathway. This finding provides novel insights into the native physiological functions of PPOs in pollen during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China; School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Shu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Keliang Tao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yingchong Liang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China
| | | | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Jugou Liao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China.
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7
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Huang J, Gao X, Su L, Liu X, Guo L, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Hao J. Purification, characterization and inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase extracted from Cistanche deserticola. PLANTA 2023; 257:85. [PMID: 36944703 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PPO was purified from Cistanche deserticola, and its enzymatic characteristics were clarified. It was found that microwave treatment was an efficient way to inactivate PPO. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from Cistanche deserticola was obtained and purified through an acetone precipitation and anion exchange column, the enzymatic characteristics and inactivation kinetics of PPO were studied. The specific activity of PPO was 73135.15 ± 6625.7 U/mg after purification, the purification multiple was 48.91 ± 4.43 times, and the recovery was 30.96 ± 0.27%. The molecular weight of the PPO component is about 66 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The optimum substrate of PPO was catechol (Vmax = 0.048 U/mL, Km = 21.70 mM) and the optimum temperature and pH were 30 °C and 7, respectively. When the temperature is above 50 °C, pH < 3 or pH > 10, the enzyme activity can be significantly inhibited. The first-order kinetic fitting shows that microwave inactivation has lesser k values, larger D values and shorter t1/2. It was found that microwave treatment is considered as an efficient and feasible way to inactive PPO by comparing the Z values and Ea values of the two thermal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Gao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lingling Su
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xueqiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Limin Guo
- Institute of Agro-Production Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Recent Advances of Polyphenol Oxidases in Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052158. [PMID: 36903403 PMCID: PMC10004730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is present in most higher plants, but also in animals and fungi. PPO in plants had been summarized several years ago. However, recent advances in studies of PPO in plants are lacking. This review concludes new researches on PPO distribution, structure, molecular weights, optimal temperature, pH, and substrates. And, the transformation of PPO from latent to active state was also discussed. This state shift is a vital reason for elevating PPO activity, but the activation mechanism in plants has not been elucidated. PPO has an important role in plant stress resistance and physiological metabolism. However, the enzymatic browning reaction induced by PPO is a major problem in the production, processing, and storage of fruits and vegetables. Meanwhile, we summarized various new methods that had been invented to decrease enzymatic browning by inhibiting PPO activity. In addition, our manuscript included information on several important biological functions and the transcriptional regulation of PPO in plants. Furthermore, we also prospect some future research areas of PPO and hope they will be useful for future research in plants.
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The Disturbance of the Antioxidant System Results in Internal Blue Discoloration of Postharvest Cherry Radish ( Raphanus sativus L. var. radculus pers) Roots. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030677. [PMID: 36766205 PMCID: PMC9914160 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal blue discoloration in cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radculus pers) roots can appear after harvest. The antioxidant system and content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) will affect the blue discoloration. Currently, the reason for the blue discoloration is not yet clear. In order to reveal the mechanism of the blue discoloration of cherry radish, we selected the blue discolored cherry radish as the research object and the white cherry radish as the control. The difference in the antioxidant system between them were compared, including related enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants in this system. Meanwhile, the changes in the contents of 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin as a precursor substance and ROS were compared. The results showed that the activities of typical antioxidant enzymes decreased and the cycle of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Ascorbic acid-Glutathione (ASA-GSH) was disturbed, leading to the reduction of antioxidant effect and the failure of timely and effective decomposition of superoxide anions (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, the elevated level of O2•- and H2O2 led to the disorder of the antioxidant system, while the 4-hydroxybrassinoside was oxidized under the catalysis of peroxidase (POD) and eventually led to the internal blue discoloration in cherry radish. These results can provide a theoretical basis for solving the blue discoloration problem.
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10
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Sarsenova A, Demir D, Çağlayan K, Abiyev S, Darbayeva T, Eken C. Purification and Properties of Polyphenol Oxidase of Dried Volvariella bombycina. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010053. [PMID: 36671745 PMCID: PMC9855422 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified and characterized from a dried wild edible and medicinal mushroom (V. bombycina). Using Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity chromatography, PPO was purified from the dried V. bombycina. The purification was completed with a 33.85-fold purification. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the purified enzyme migrated as a single band. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be about 25 kDa. Catechol, 4-methyl catechol, and pyrogallol were used as substrates to determine the enzyme activity and its kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax). At the optimum pH and temperature, dried V. bombycina PPO's Km and Vmax values for catechol, 4-methyl catechol, and pyrogallol were found to be 1.67 mM-833.33 U/mL, 3.17 mM-158.73 U/mL, and 2.67 mM-3333.33 U/mL, respectively. Also investigated were the effects of pH and temperature on the enzymatic properties of PPO in dried V. bombycina. The optimum pH and temperature values for dried V. bombycina PPO obtained by using catechol, 4-methyl catechol, and pyrogallol as substrates were 6.5, 15 °C; 9.0, 20 °C; and 8.0, 15°C, respectively. This is the first study on the purification and characterization of PPO from dried V. bombycina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assemgul Sarsenova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Geography, Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, N. Nazarbayev ave.162, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dudu Demir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Kardelen Çağlayan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Sardarbek Abiyev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Talshen Darbayeva
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Geography, Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, N. Nazarbayev ave.162, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Cafer Eken
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09070 Aydın, Türkiye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-5333502316
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11
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Villamil-Galindo E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Piagentini AM, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Adding value to strawberry agro-industrial by-products through ultraviolet A-induced biofortification of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1080147. [PMID: 36570174 PMCID: PMC9769405 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The revalorization of agro-industrial by-products by applying ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation to biofortify with phenolic compounds has been studied in recent times, showing improvements in the individual and total phenolic content and their bioactivity. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to optimize the biofortification process of phenolic compounds by UVA radiation to strawberry agro-industrial by-products (RF). Moreover, the effect of UVA radiation on the potential biological activity of the phenolics accumulated in RF due to the treatment was also determined. Methods The assays followed a factorial design with three variables at three levels: UVA dose (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH), storage temperature (5, 10, and 15°C), and storage time (0, 24, 48, and 72 h). At each experimental condition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymatic activities, total phenolic compound content (TPC), phenolics profile (TPCHPLC), and agrimoniin content (AGN) were evaluated; and the optimal UVA dose, storage time, and temperature were determined. In vitro bioaccessibility of the accumulated phenolic compound was studied on RF tissue treated with UVA at optimal process conditions. The digested extracts were tested for antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer cells, cellular antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results The results showed that applying UVA-HIGH (86.4 KJ/m2) treatment and storing the tissue for 46 h at 15°C increased PAL activity (260%), phenolic content (240%), and AGN (300%). The biofortification process improves the bioaccessibility of the main phenolic compound of RF by 9.8 to 25%. The digested optimum extract showed an IC50 for HT29 and Caco-2 cells of 2.73 and 5.43 μg/mL, respectively, and presented 60% cellular antioxidant capacity and 30% inhibition of NOX production. Conclusion The RF treated with UVA is an excellent source of phenolic compounds; specifically, ellagitannins and the UVA radiation proved to be efficient in biofortify RF, significantly improving the phenolic compounds content and their bioactive properties with adequate bioaccessibility, adding value to the strawberry agro-industrial by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Villamil-Galindo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Andrea Marcela Piagentini
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Zapopan, Mexico,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, Mexico,*Correspondence: Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez,
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12
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Influence of the Drying Method on the Volatile Component Profile of Hypericum perforatum Herb: A HS-SPME-GC/MS Study. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Due to its documented antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, it is used in the treatment of bacterial and viral infections as well as inflammations. It is also used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and mild to moderate depression. In recent years, there has been an increase in the popularity of herbal medicine. Many people collect their own herbs and dry them at home. A common choice for quick drying of fruits, vegetables and herbs at home are food dehydrator machines. There are not many publications in the scientific literature examining the quality of dried herbal material obtained in such dryers. We characterized St. John’s wort harvested in southern Poland and investigated the effect of specific drying methods on the volatile component profile. The herbal raw material was dried using three methods: indoors at room temperature, in an incubator at 37 °C and in a food dehydrator machine. Volatile components were analysed by HS-SPME GC/MS. The herb dried in a food dehydrator, compared to other drying methods, retained similar or slightly smaller amounts of the compounds from the mono- and sesquiterpenes group, aromatic monoterpenes, aromatic monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, aromatic sesquiterpenes and alkanes. However, monoterpenoids and compounds coming from decomposition reactions, such as alcohols, short-chain fatty acids and esters, were noticed in larger quantities. Usage of a food dehydrator at home can be a convenient alternative to drying herbs. However, due to a different profile of volatile components depending on the drying method, the amount of biologically active substances needs to be considered. By using various methods of drying, the medical effects of herbs can be enhanced or weakened; therefore, further research in this direction should be continued.
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13
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Gao Y, Lu Y, Zhang N, Udenigwe CC, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Preparation, pungency and bioactivity of gingerols from ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2708-2733. [PMID: 36135317 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ginger has been widely used for different purposes, such as condiment, functional food, drugs, and cosmetics. Gingerols, the main pungent component in ginger, possess a variety of bioactivities. To fully understand the significance of gingerols in the food and pharmaceutical industry, this paper first recaps the composition and physiochemical properties of gingerols, and the major extraction and synthesis methods. Furthermore, the pungency and bioactivity of gingerols are reviewed. In addition, the food application of gingerols and future perspectives are discussed. Gingerols, characterized by a 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl moiety, are divided into gingerols, shogaols, paradols, zingerone, gingerdiones and gingerdiols. At present, gingerols are extracted by conventional, innovative, and integrated extraction methods, and synthesized by chemical, biological and in vitro cell synthesis methods. Gingerols can activate transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and induce signal transduction, thereby exhibiting its pungent properties and bioactivity. By targeted mediation of various cell signaling pathways, gingerols display potential anticancer, antibacterial, blood glucose regulatory, hepato- and renal-protective, gastrointestinal regulatory, nerve regulatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. This review contributes to the application of gingerols as functional ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Gao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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14
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Wang X, He X, Wu X, Fan X, Wang F, Lin Q, Guan W, Zhang N. UV-C treatment inhibits browning, inactivates Pseudomonas tolaasii and reduces associated chemical and enzymatic changes of button mushrooms. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3259-3265. [PMID: 34796507 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Button mushrooms with completely white appearance are popular with consumers. However, button mushrooms are susceptible to infection with Pseudomonas tolaasii, which results in browning. This study evaluates the effects of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) treatment on the inactivation of P. tolaasii in vitro and in vivo and on the physiological and chemical changes of button mushrooms during storage for 21 days at 4 °C. RESULTS UV-C doses of 0.5 to 9.0 kJ m-2 resulted in 3.91-6.26 log CFU mL-1 reduction of P. tolaasii populations in vitro, and UV-C treatment reduced P. tolaasii populations inoculated on mushroom cap surfaces and browning severity. Moreover, P. tolaasii increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and decreased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, the accumulation of phenolics and contents of brown melanin precursors, including γ-l-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB), γ-l-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB), and tyrosine in button mushrooms. UV-C treatment was found to reduce the negative changes due to P. tolaasii infection. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the application of UV-C treatment inhibited browning, inactivated P. tolaasii and reduced P. tolaasii - associated chemical and enzymatic changes of button mushrooms. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechology and Food Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingxing He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechology and Food Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinling Wu
- School of Medicine and Health, Guangxi Vocational and Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning, China
| | - Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Fengling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechology and Food Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechology and Food Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products; Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin, China
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15
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Fan X. Chemical inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and cut surface browning of fresh-cut apples. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8737-8751. [PMID: 35416745 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut apples, which offer consumers health benefits and convenience, have become popular in recent years. One of the main challenges for processing fresh-cut apples is rapid development of cut surface browning, immediately after fruits are cut. Browning, a physiological response that impacts organoleptic properties and deters consumer purchase of fresh-cut fresh produce, is mainly a result of enzymatic reaction of phenolic compounds with oxygen catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a decapper enzyme. Many antibrowning agents have been developed and evaluated to inhibit PPO activities by using reducing agents (antioxidants), chelating agents, acidulants, etc. The present manuscript reviews the diverse characteristics of PPO (such as optimum pH and temperature, and molecular weight) in apples reported in the literature and the enzyme's latency, multiplicity and copper states in the active site. It also summarizes the latest development in the investigation and formulations of antibrowning compounds, and discusses future research needs. This review should stimulate further research to discover more effective, low cost, and natural antibrowning compounds to meet the demand of consumers as well as the food industry for clean label and long shelf-life of fresh-cut apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, PA, USA
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16
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Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from myrtle berries (Myrtus communis L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Yıldız S, Bilen Ç, Karakuş E. Purification of damson plum polyphenol oxidase by affinity chromatography and investigation of metal effects on enzyme activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1019-1034. [PMID: 35015975 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2023825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was firstly purified from damson plum as a high antioxidant source. PPO was treated by 0-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Characterization results were determined for catechol, 4-methyl catechol, pyrogallol and caffeic acid as 0.05 M/pH: 7.2/25 °C; 0.2 M/pH: 4.5/10 °C; 0.01 M/pH: 6.8/5 °C, and 0.2 M/pH: 8.5/10 °C, respectively. Vmax and KM values were calculated for same substrates as 17,219.97 U/(mL*min) and 11.67 mM; 7309.72 U/(mL*min) and 5 mM; 12,580.12 U/(mL*min) and 3.74 mM; 12,100.41 U/(mL*min) and 6.25 mM, respectively. Catechol gave the highest Vmax value among substrates. Affinity purification was performed by using Sepharose 4B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid and Sepharose 6B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid. Single bands were approximately observed at 50 kDa for each affinity sample in SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE. 93.88 and 10.46 purification-folds were obtained for PPO by reference Sepharose-4B and original Sepharose-6B gels. Metal effects upon PPO activity were also investigated due to the importance of enzymatic browning in foods. Cu+2 activation and Fe+2 inhibition were observed with a final metal concentration of 1 mM at 219.66 and 43.18%, respectively. PPO purification from damson plum by affinity chromatography, its characterization, stability evaluation by statistically, and effects of metal ions on damson plum PPO have not been investigated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selinnur Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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LIU Y, CHEN Q, LIU D, YANG L, HU W, KUANG L, TENG J, LIU Y. Comparison of the biochemical properties and enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins by soluble and membrane-bound polyphenol oxidases from tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang LIU
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China; Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
| | | | | | - Li YANG
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
| | - Wei HU
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Jie TENG
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
| | - Yong LIU
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
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19
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Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) peel as a promising peroxidase source for the treatment of phenolic wastewater. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Teng J, Liu Y, Zeng W, Zhou M, Liu Y, Huang Y, Chen Q. In vitro
enzymatic synthesis of a monomeric theaflavin using a polyphenol oxidase isozyme from tea (
Camellia sinensis
) leaf. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Teng
- Department of Tea Science Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi 330045 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Tea Science Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi 330045 China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Tea Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Mengzhen Zhou
- Department of Tea Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Tea Science Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi 330045 China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Department of Tea Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou Guangdong 510642 China
| | - Qincao Chen
- Department of Tea Science Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang Jiangxi 330045 China
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21
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Varliero G, Rafiq M, Singh S, Summerfield A, Sgouridis F, Cowan DA, Barker G. Microbial characterisation and Cold-Adapted Predicted Protein (CAPP) database construction from the active layer of Greenland's permafrost. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab127. [PMID: 34468725 PMCID: PMC8445667 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost represents a reservoir for the biodiscovery of cold-adapted proteins which are advantageous in industrial and medical settings. Comparisons between different thermo-adapted proteins can give important information for cold-adaptation bioengineering. We collected permafrost active layer samples from 34 points along a proglacial transect in southwest Greenland. We obtained a deep read coverage assembly (>164x) from nanopore and Illumina sequences for the purposes of i) analysing metagenomic and metatranscriptomic trends of the microbial community of this area, and ii) creating the Cold-Adapted Predicted Protein (CAPP) database. The community showed a similar taxonomic composition in all samples along the transect, with a solid permafrost-shaped community, rather than microbial trends typical of proglacial systems. We retrieved 69 high- and medium-quality metagenome-assembled clusters, 213 complete biosynthetic gene clusters and more than three million predicted proteins. The latter constitute the CAPP database that can provide cold-adapted protein sequence information for protein- and taxon-focused amino acid sequence modifications for the future bioengineering of cold-adapted enzymes. As an example, we focused on the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, and demonstrated how sequence variation information could inform its protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varliero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Natural Sciences 2 Building, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Airport Road, Baleli, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RL, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Cl, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Summerfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fotis Sgouridis
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RL, United Kingdom
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Natural Sciences 2 Building, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Gary Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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22
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Polyphenoloxidase (PPO): Effect, Current Determination and Inhibition Treatments in Fresh-Cut Produce. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fresh-cut produce are quite popular among consumers due to their eating ease, high quality and functional content. However, some of the processing steps taking place during minimal processing (such as cutting, peeling, draining, etc.) might speed up decay, e.g., microbial growth, dehydration or browning. When it comes to the latter, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) plays an important role, being the center of many works focused on the understanding of its reaction mechanism and the application of conservative techniques. The aim of this review study was to compare recent research about the effect of PPO on minimally processed fruits and vegetables, trying to understand the way it acts, the measurement of its activity and current treatments, such as modified atmosphere packaging, washing treatments or edible coatings, among others. In conclusion, the combination of conservation techniques (that is, hurdle technology) is vital to guarantee global quality in minimally processed fruits and vegetables, including synergistic effects which will allow the use of mild treatment conditions to decrease PPO activity. However, further research is required to clearly understand PPO inhibition in trendy techniques such as irradiation.
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23
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Li J, Deng ZY, He Y, Fan Y, Dong H, Chen R, Liu R, Tsao R, Liu X. Differential specificities of polyphenol oxidase from lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) toward stereoisomers, (−)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin: Insights from comparative molecular docking studies. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Torres A, Aguilar-Osorio G, Camacho M, Basurto F, Navarro-Ocana A. Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) and its affinity towards acylated anthocyanins and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Food Chem 2021; 356:129709. [PMID: 33823400 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) present in purple sweet potato (PSP) is a key step in developing efficient methodologies to control oxidative damage caused by this enzyme to the valuable components of PSP, such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and acylated anthocyanins. Thus, this work focused on the assessment of the effects of pH, temperature, and chemical agents on the PPO activity as well as characterization of the PPO substrate specificity towards major phenolic compounds found in PSP. The optimum conditions of enzyme activity were pH 7 and a temperature range of 20-30 °C at which phenolic substrates were oxidized with 72.5-99.8% yield. Zn2+ ions remarkably reduced PPO activity while Cu2+ ions improved enzyme performance. The highest substrate preference was shown for 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid, followed by 5-caffeoylquinic and caffeic acid, 3,4- and 4,5-di-caffeoylquinic acids, peonidin-3-caffeoyl-p-hydroxybenzoyl-sophoroside-5-glucoside. The highest Km values were found for 4,5-feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid and catechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Torres
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aguilar-Osorio
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Michelle Camacho
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Francisco Basurto
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocana
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, CdMx, Mexico.
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Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds as a promising source. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:261-271. [PMID: 33359609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fennel seeds were recognized as a promising polyphenol oxidase (PPO) source upon investigating some edible green plants (carob, jujube, coriander, fennel, and licorice). The fennel PPO enzyme was purified by three-phase partitioning and biochemically characterized in detail for the first time. The purification fold and activity recovery values were determined as 20-fold and 120%, respectively. Its molecular weight was 27.8 kDa. The temperature for the selected substrates (catechol, 4-tert-butylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, and pyrogallol) was 30 °C, while the optimum pH value varied from 5.0 to 7.0 depending on the substrate. The kcat/Km values exhibited that the enzyme presented the best activity towards catechol among the substrates used. Sodium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, l-cysteine, thiourea, β-mercaptoethanol, and glutathione prominently inhibited PPO activity. A remarkable decrease in PPO activity was observed at elevated concentrations of organic solvents, but in cases of the solvents with polarity indexes ≥5.1, the residual activity maintained more than 75% of its original activity up to 10% (v/v). Consequently, the current study suggested that fennel seeds could be used in various industrial sectors to produce low-cost polyphenol oxidase enzymes with an agricultural origin.
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Wei Y, Yu N, Zhu Y, Hao J, Shi J, Lei Y, Gan Z, Jia G, Ma C, Sun A. Exploring the biochemical properties of three polyphenol oxidases from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Food Chem 2020; 344:128678. [PMID: 33267982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Purification of blueberry polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has not been substantially progressed for a long time, which leads to little further study. We purified three PPOs from blueberries for the first time by modified Native-Page. The PPO-2 consists of two subunits (68 and 36 kDa), whereas PPO-3 and PPO-4 contain only one subunit (36 kDa). The optimum pH and temperature of PPO-2, PPO-3, and PPO-4 were 5.8-6.2 and 40 °C-45 °C with catechol as a substrate. The optimal substrates for them were all catechol (Km = 14.91, 7.19, and 11.20, respectively). High-pressure processing (HPP) had a limited inhibitory effect on the three PPOs. The activities of PPO-2, PPO-3, and PPO-4 were significantly reduced with increased SDS concentration. The binding of substrate to catalytic cavity is related to the residues His76, His209, His213, Gly228, and Phe230. The carbonyl group of residue Gly228 is one of the key sites for screening substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyi Hao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junyan Shi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhilin Gan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoliang Jia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aidong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yuzugullu Karakus Y, Kahveci B, Acemi A, Kocak G. Application of three-phase partitioning to the purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from antioxidant rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been purified from the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) through three-phase partitioning (TPP) and has been biochemically characterized. The optimized TPP consisted of 50% (w/v) ammonium sulfate and equal volumes of crude extract and tert-butanol prepared at pH 6.5 and room temperature. Using this system, PPO was purified 14-fold, with 230% recovery of activity from the middle phase. The partitioned enzyme had a molecular mass of 53 kDa. The highest enzyme activity was detected at 30 °C and pH 7.0 against catechol. In substrate specificity tests, the enzyme displayed activity towards catechol, 4-methylcatechol, caffeic acid, hydroquinone, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), pyrogallol, syringaldezine, and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine but no activity towards L-tyrosine. The enzyme was inhibited by the common PPO inhibitors; salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Enzyme activity increased in the presence of the organic solvents acetone, ethanol, and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Yuzugullu Karakus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41001, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Kahveci
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41001, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Arda Acemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41001, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gulden Kocak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
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Li F. Purification, kinetic parameters, and isoforms of polyphenol oxidase from "Xushu 22" sweet potato skin. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13452. [PMID: 32869889 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We purified and compared the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isoenzymes present in "Xushu 22," a sweet potato. A membrane-bound form (mPPO) and two soluble forms (sPPO1 and sPPO2) were identified and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and mass spectrometer. The three PPO isoforms were characterized enzymatically. The specific activity of mPPO was significantly higher than that of the two sPPO isoforms, being 24.55- and 13.89-fold higher than sPPO1 and sPPO2. The preferred substrates for mPPO and the two sPPOs were catechol and chlorogenic acid, respectively. They can be efficiently and safely applied to phenolic wastewater treatment after being immobilized. Both mPPO and the two sPPOs were rapidly inactivated under acid or base conditions and were unstable at 65°C. The most effective inhibitors of mPPO, sPPO1, and sPPO2 were glutathione, ascorbic acid, and L-cysteine, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to incomplete statistics, about 5% of sweet potatoes in china are wasted due to enzymatic browning every year. PPO was regarded as a key molecule contributing to enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables during ripening, processing, and storage and responsible for economic and industrial loss. It's great importance to characterize the PPO from "Xushu 22" sweet potato and provide data on its inactivation. The three PPO isoforms were purified and identified by chromatography and mass spectrometer. This study will provide useful informations to have a better command of PPO from "Xushu 22" sweet potato and give ideals to solve the browning of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Sweet Potato Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
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Han Q, Liu F, Hao Y, Ni Y. Characterization of membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase from Granny Smith apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:977-984. [PMID: 32360471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase (mPPO) from the Granny Smith apple was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified by a factor of 20.53 with a recovery of 1.8%. The molecular weight of purified mPPO was determined to be 65 kDa by electrophoresis and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. mPPO exhibited its highest activity at a temperature of 35 °C and a pH of 7.0 and can be regarded as a diphenol oxidase. A low concentration of SDS (≤0.5 mM) enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas mPPO was activated at high concentration EDTA (≥2 mM). The thermal transition temperature of mPPO was 76.98 °C. The circular dichroism spectrum showed that mPPO contains high α-helix content, the fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the tryptophan residues of mPPO are partially buried. The particle size of mPPO was 5-10 nm with a complete structure. The structural characterization of mPPO provided better insights into the regions responsible for its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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30
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Iqbal A, Murtaza A, Marszałek K, Iqbal MA, Chughtai MFJ, Hu W, Barba FJ, Bi J, Liu X, Xu X. Inactivation and structural changes of polyphenol oxidase in quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) juice subjected to ultrasonic treatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2065-2073. [PMID: 31875969 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is considered a problem in the food industry because it starts browning reactions during fruit and vegetable processing. Ultrasonic treatment is a technology used to inactivate the enzyme; however, the mechanism behind PPO inactivation is still unclear. For this reason, the inactivation, aggregation, and structural changes in PPO from quince juice subjected to ultrasonic treatments were investigated. Different intensities and times of ultrasonic treatment were used. Changes in the activity, aggregation, conformation, and structure of PPO were investigated through different structural analyses. RESULTS Compared to untreated juice, the PPO activity in treated juice was reduced to 35% at a high ultrasonic intensity of 400 W for 20 min. The structure of PPO determined from particle size distribution (PSD) analysis showed that ultrasound treatment caused initial dissociation and subsequent aggregation leading to structural modification. The spectra of circular dichroism (CD) analysis of ultrasonic treated PPO protein showed a significant loss of α-helix, and reorganization of secondary structure. Fluorescence analysis showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity of PPO after ultrasound treatment with evident blue shift, revealing disruption in the tertiary structure. CONCLUSION In summary, ultrasonic treatment triggered protein aggregation, distortion of tertiary structure, and loss of α-helix conformation of secondary structure causing inactivation of the PPO enzyme. Hence, ultrasound processing at high intensity and duration could cause the inactivation of the PPO enzyme by inducing aggregation and structural modifications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Iqbal
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ayesha Murtaza
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Amjed Iqbal
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F J Chughtai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Wanfeng Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang L, Deng W, Wang P, Huang W, Wu J, Zheng T, Chen J. Degradations of aroma characteristics and changes of aroma related compounds, PPO activity, and antioxidant capacity in sugarcane juice during thermal process. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1140-1150. [PMID: 32220139 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of aroma properties and aroma-related attributes of sugarcane juice during thermal processing under different temperatures (90, 100, and 110 ℃) and treating time (10 s, 20 s, and 30 s) were assessed in this study. Changes in the volatility of aroma compounds were extremely complicated and respected to thermal processing conditions. Fructose, serine, and glutanic acid of sugarcane juice were increased at first and decreased at the end of treatment at high temperature. Phenolic compounds and PPO activity presented the decrease trends throughout the thermal treatment. The thermal processing of sugarcane juice could be roughly divided into three stages based on the cluster analysis of all the data in this study. Sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds might be important potential precursors of aroma deteriorating reactions. The comprehensive analysis of aroma relevant compounds and enzyme activities was beneficial for the investigation of degradation mechanism of aroma for sugarcane juice, and providing a theoretical basis for optimization of juice processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated the changing process of aroma quality and associated compounds in sugarcane juice during thermal processing. This could help to find out the reasons of aroma degradations in sugarcane juice and other thermal sensitive juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on the aroma quality control and parameter optimization during the processing of fruit and vegetable juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weili Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wencheng Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tingyu Zheng
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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32
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Iqbal A, Murtaza A, Hu W, Ahmad I, Ahmed A, Xu X. Activation and inactivation mechanisms of polyphenol oxidase during thermal and non-thermal methods of food processing. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pectin hydrolysis in cashew apple juice by Aspergillus aculeatus URM4953 polygalacturonase covalently-immobilized on calcium alginate beads: A kinetic and thermodynamic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:820-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mamenko TP, Khomenko YO, Kots SY. Influence of fungicides on activities of enzymes of phenolic metabolism in the early stages of formation and functioning of soybean symbiotic apparatus. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of complex seed treatment with fungicides and rhizobium culture on the activity of phenolic metabolism enzymes – polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the early stages of the formation and functioning of various symbiotic systems Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the research we used microbiological, physiological, biochemical methods, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. The objects of the study were selected symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Diamond variety, strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b (active, virulent) and 604k (inactive, highly virulent) and fungicides Maxim XL 035 PS (fludioxonil, 25 g/L, metalaxyl, 10 g/L), and Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/L, thiophanate methyl, 225 g/L, piraclostrobin, 25 g/L). Before sowing, the seeds of soybean were treated with solutions of fungicides, calculated on the basis of one rate of expenditure of the active substance of each preparation indicated by the producer per ton of seed. One part of the seeds treated with fungicides was inoculated with rhizobium culture for 1 h (the titre of bacteria was 108 cells in 1 ml). The other part of the fungicide-treated seeds was not inoculated by rhizobium culture. As a result of the research, it was revealed that an effective symbiotic system formed with the participation of soybean plants and the active strain rhizobia 634b is characterized by a high level of polyphenol oxidase activity and low guaiacol peroxidase in roots and root nodules in the stages of second and third true leaves. Such changes in the activity of enzymes occurred along with the formation of nodules which actively fixed the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. An ineffective symbiotic system (strain 604k) is characterized by an elevated level of polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots and guaiacol peroxidase in the root nodules, which is accompanied by activation of the process of nodulation. Treatment of soybean seeds with fungicides in an effective symbiotic system leads to a change in the activity of the enzymes of the phenolic metabolism, which induced adaptive changes in plant metabolism and growth of nitrogenase activity of the root nodules. The recorded changes in the activity of both enzymes for the action of fungicides in the ineffective symbiotic system can be considered as a kind of response of the plant to the treatment and were observed along with the reduction of the processes of nodulation into the stage of the third true leaf.
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Benaceur F, Gouzi H, Meddah B, Neifar A, Guergouri A. Purification and characterization of catechol oxidase from Tadela (Phoenix dactylifera L.) date fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1248-1256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Rao P, Rathod V. Valorization of Food and Agricultural Waste: A Step towards Greener Future. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1858-1871. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology N.M Parekh MargNear Khalsa College, Matunga Mumbai 400019
| | - Virendra Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology N.M Parekh MargNear Khalsa College, Matunga Mumbai 400019
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