Production of amylases from Coprinus comatus under submerged culture using wheat-milling by-products: Optimization, kinetic parameters, partial purification and characterization

Valorization and optimization of agro-industrial orange waste for the production of enzyme by halophilic Streptomyces sp

This study underlines the biotechnical valorization of the accumulated and unusable remains of agro-industrial orange fruit peel waste to produce α-amylase under submerged conditions by Streptomyces sp. KP314280 (20r). The response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to model and optimize the conditions for the α-amylase production. Four independent variables were evaluated for α-amylase activity including substrate concentration, inoculum size, sodium chloride powder (NaCl), and pH. A ten-fold cross-validation indicated that the ANN has a greater ability than the RSM to predict the α-amylase activity (R²_ANN = 0.884 and R²_RSM = 0.725). The analysis of variance indicated that the aforementioned four factors significantly affected the α-amylase activity. Additionally, the α-amylase production experiments were conducted according to the optimal conditions generated by the GA. The results indicated that the amylase yield increased by 4-fold. Moreover, the α-amylase production (12.19 U/mL) in the optimized medium was compatible with the predicted conditions outlined by the ANN-GA model (12.62 U/mL). As such, the ANN and GA combination is optimizable for α-amylase production and exhibits an accurate prediction which provides an alternative to other biological applications.

Optimization of wheat flour by product films: A technological and sustainable approach for bio-based packaging material

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the production of sustainable and biodegradable packages made from a little-explored by product of wheat-milling, the glue flour (GF). Films were produced by the casting method and the effect of the incorporation of glycerol, sorbitol, and GF in the properties of the films was investigated following the central composite rotational design (CCRD) approach. The results have been statistically analyzed by the response surface methodology and the desirability function. Due to the rich composition in amylaceous reserve (64.81%; 26% of amylose content), considerable protein content (11.23%), and fibers (8.28%), the GF proved to be suitable for use as a matrix in biopolymer films. All the properties were mainly influenced by the plasticizer type and GF concentration. Film plasticized with glycerol (run 13) was more flexible, had higher moisture (28.39%) content, and was more adhesive than the formulation made with sorbitol (run 11). Film elongation (ELO) ranged from 25.84% to 56.71%, and tensile strength (TS) from 0.10 to 2.8 MPa. The optimized process conditions were 8% for Cf, 0% for Cg, and 4% for Cs. Under these conditions, the films presented low moisture (12.1%), moderate solubility (35.5%) and TS (1.64 MPa), and high ELO (72.06%). This study showed that GF is a promising source for the development of biodegradable films. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Films made from a by product of wheat flour (glue flour) have technological potential to be used as packaging for food products. The valorization of a by product of the agribusiness without pre-treatment for the production of biodegradable films was made possible. The study by casting technique is a previous for scale-up production.