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Boero E, Gorham RD, Francis EA, Brand J, Teng LH, Doorduijn DJ, Ruyken M, Muts RM, Lehmann C, Verschoor A, van Kessel KPM, Heinrich V, Rooijakkers SHM. Purified complement C3b triggers phagocytosis and activation of human neutrophils via complement receptor 1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:274. [PMID: 36609665 PMCID: PMC9822988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system provides vital immune protection against infectious agents by labeling them with complement fragments that enhance phagocytosis by immune cells. Many details of complement-mediated phagocytosis remain elusive, partly because it is difficult to study the role of individual complement proteins on target surfaces. Here, we employ serum-free methods to couple purified complement C3b onto E. coli bacteria and beads and then expose human neutrophils to these C3b-coated targets. We examine the neutrophil response using a combination of flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, luminometry, single-live-cell/single-target manipulation, and dynamic analysis of neutrophil spreading on opsonin-coated surfaces. We show that purified C3b can potently trigger phagocytosis and killing of bacterial cells via Complement receptor 1. Comparison of neutrophil phagocytosis of C3b- versus antibody-coated beads with single-bead/single-target analysis exposes a similar cell morphology during engulfment. However, bulk phagocytosis assays of C3b-beads combined with DNA-based quenching reveal that these are poorly internalized compared to their IgG1 counterparts. Similarly, neutrophils spread slower on C3b-coated compared to IgG-coated surfaces. These observations support the requirement of multiple stimulations for efficient C3b-mediated uptake. Together, our results establish the existence of a direct pathway of phagocytic uptake of C3b-coated targets and present methodologies to study this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boero
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.425088.3GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ronald D. Gorham
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.417555.70000 0000 8814 392XSanofi, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Emmet A. Francis
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jonathan Brand
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Lay Heng Teng
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Dennis J. Doorduijn
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Ruyken
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remy M. Muts
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Lehmann
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Francis EA, Heinrich V. Extension of chemotactic pseudopods by nonadherent human neutrophils does not require or cause calcium bursts. Sci Signal 2018. [PMID: 29535263 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global bursts in free intracellular calcium (Ca2+) are among the most conspicuous signaling events in immune cells. To test the common view that Ca2+ bursts mediate rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in response to the activation of G protein-coupled receptors, we combined single-cell manipulation with fluorescence imaging and monitored the Ca2+ concentration in individual human neutrophils during complement-mediated chemotaxis. By decoupling purely chemotactic pseudopod formation from cell-substrate adhesion, we showed that physiological concentrations of anaphylatoxins, such as C5a, induced nonadherent human neutrophils to form chemotactic pseudopods but did not elicit Ca2+ bursts. By contrast, pathological or supraphysiological concentrations of C5a often triggered Ca2+ bursts, but pseudopod protrusion stalled or reversed in such cases, effectively halting chemotaxis, similar to sepsis-associated neutrophil paralysis. The maximum increase in cell surface area during pseudopod extension in pure chemotaxis was much smaller-by a factor of 8-than the known capacity of adherent human neutrophils to expand their surface. Because the measured rise in cortical tension was not sufficient to account for this difference, we attribute the limited deformability to a reduced ability of the cytoskeleton to generate protrusive force in the absence of cell adhesion. Thus, we hypothesize that Ca2+ bursts in neutrophils control a mechanistic switch between two distinct modes of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics. A key element of this switch appears to be the expedient coordination of adhesion-dependent lock or release events of cytoskeletal membrane anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet A Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Liu J, Hou M, Yan M, Lü X, Gu W, Zhang S, Gao J, Liu B, Wu X, Liu G. ICAM-1-dependent and ICAM-1-independent neutrophil lung infiltration by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L226-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the first line of host defense. It is also known that neutrophil lung recruitment and infiltration may cause lung injury. The roles of neutrophils in virus infection-induced lung injury are not clear. We explore the mechanisms of neutrophil lung infiltration and the potential biomarkers for lung injury in a swine model of lung injury caused by natural or experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Neutrophil lung infiltration was determined by measurement of myeloperoxidase expression and enzyme activity of lung tissues. Myeloperoxidase expression and enzyme activity were dramatically increased in the naturally and experimentally infected lung tissues. Chemokine analysis by quantitative PCR and ELISA showed that IL-8 expression was increased in both infections, while monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was increased only in experimentally infected lung tissues. Expression of the cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was measured by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. VCAM-1 expression was increased in experimentally and naturally infected lungs, whereas ICAM-1 expression was increased only in the naturally infected lung samples. Our results suggest that neutrophil lung infiltrations in the infected animals are both ICAM-1- and -independent and that combined expression of VCAM-1 and IL-8 may serve as the biomarker for lung injury induced by virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Make Hou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Lü
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; and
- Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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MacPherson M, Lek HS, Prescott A, Fagerholm SC. A systemic lupus erythematosus-associated R77H substitution in the CD11b chain of the Mac-1 integrin compromises leukocyte adhesion and phagocytosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17303-10. [PMID: 21454473 PMCID: PMC3089572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.182998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mac-1 integrin is expressed mainly on myeloid cells and binds several ligands, including members of the ICAM family and the complement factor iC3b. It is involved in essential immunological processes, such as leukocyte extravasation and phagocytosis. In addition, Mac-1 has been described to negatively regulate immune cell signaling. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism conferring an amino acid change in the Mac-1 integrin extracellular domain, R77H, was shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we demonstrate that the R77H-substituted Mac-1 can be expressed on the cell surface in transfected cells and can undergo conformational changes in response to integrin activation. The affinity of the integrin for ICAMs is only partially reduced, but cell adhesion to ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 is severely compromised, and Jβ2.7 cells expressing R77H substituted integrins are deficient in adhesion to ICAM-1 under shear flow conditions. Importantly, cell adhesion to the complement factor iC3b is also diminished, and COS cells expressing R77H-substituted integrins display reduced iC3b-dependent phagocytosis. In addition, U937 cells expressing R77H-CD11b display increased IL-6 production as compared with WT-CD11b-expressing cells. These results suggest that the R77H substitution results in the deficiency of the mutated integrin to mediate cell adhesion to ligands such as ICAMs and iC3b. These deficiencies may ultimately lead to detrimental effects on the immune system and contribute to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew MacPherson
- Division of Medical Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
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