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Dabbaghipour R, Khaze Shahgoli V, Safaei S, Amini M, Tabei S, Shanehbandi D, Rahbar Farzam O, Baradaran B, Entezam M. siRNA-mediated downregulation of BATF3 diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis through downregulating c-Myc expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:100. [PMID: 38217769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite considerable improvement in therapeutic approaches to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, this malignancy is considered incurable due to resistance. However, investigating the molecular mechanism of CML may give rise to the development of extremely efficient targeted therapies that improve the prognosis of patients. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like3 (BATF3), as transcription factor, is considered a key regulator of cellular activities and its function has been evaluated in tumor development and growth in several cancer types. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the cellular impact of siRNA-mediated downregulation of BATF3 on CML cancer cells through cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transfection of BATF3 siRNA to K562 CML cells was performed by electroporation device. To measure cellular viability and apoptosis, MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining were carried out, respectively. Also, cell cycle assay and flow cytometry instrument were applied to assess cell cycle distribution of K562 cells. For more validation, mRNA expression of correlated genes was relatively evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The data indicated that siRNA-mediated BATF3 inactivating severely promoted the cell apoptosis. Also, the targeted therapy led to high expression of Caspase-3 gene and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Silenced BATF3 also induced cell cycle arrest in phase sub-G1 compared to control. Finally, a noticeable decrement was obtained in c-Myc gene expression through suppression of BATF3 in CML cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this research illustrated the suppression of BATF3 as an effective targeted therapy strategy for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Smb Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
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Kong WY, Ngai SC, Goh BH, Lee LH, Htar TT, Chuah LH. Is Curcumin the Answer to Future Chemotherapy Cocktail? Molecules 2021; 26:4329. [PMID: 34299604 PMCID: PMC8303331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in cancer cases in recent years is an alarming situation worldwide. Despite the tremendous research and invention of new cancer therapies, the clinical outcomes are not always reassuring. Cancer cells could develop several evasive mechanisms for their survivability and render therapeutic failure. The continuous use of conventional cancer therapies leads to chemoresistance, and a higher dose of treatment results in even greater toxicities among cancer patients. Therefore, the search for an alternative treatment modality is crucial to break this viscous cycle. This paper explores the suitability of curcumin combination treatment with other cancer therapies to curb cancer growth. We provide a critical insight to the mechanisms of action of curcumin, its role in combination therapy in various cancers, along with the molecular targets involved. Curcumin combination treatments were found to enhance anticancer effects, mediated by the multitargeting of several signalling pathways by curcumin and the co-administered cancer therapies. The preclinical and clinical evidence in curcumin combination therapy is critically analysed, and the future research direction of curcumin combination therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-Y.K.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Thet-Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.-H.G.); (T.-T.H.)
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Yap ZH, Kong WY, Azeez AR, Fang CM, Ngai SC. Anti-cancer Effects of Epigenetics Drugs Scriptaid and Zebularine in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1582-1591. [PMID: 34102995 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High relapse and metastasis progression in breast cancer patients have prompted the need to explore alternative treatments. Epigenetic therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy due to the reversibility of epigenome structures. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of epigenetic drugs scriptaid and zebularine in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. METHODS First, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both drugs on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells was determined. Next, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both. After treatments, the anti-cancer effects were evaluated via cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies, which included histochemical staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the apoptotic genes. RESULTS Both epigenetic drugs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with 2 nM scriptaid, 8 µM zebularine and combination of 2 nM scriptaid and 2 µM zebularine. Both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells exhibited a reduction in cell migration after the treatments. In particular, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a significant reduction in cell migration (p < 0.05) after the treatments of zebularine and the combination of scriptaid and zebularine. Besides, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that scriptaid and the combination of both drugs could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, histochemical staining allowed the observation of apoptotic features, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin fragmentation and cytoplasmic extension, in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after the treatments. Further apoptotic studies revealed that the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were found in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with zebularine and MCF-7 cells treated with all drug regimens. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that scriptaid and zebularine are potential anti-cancer drugs, either single or in combination, for the therapy of breast cancer. Further investigations of the gene regulatory pathways directed by scriptaid and zebularine are definitely warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hung Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahmaan Azeez
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
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Safa M, Jafari L, Alikarami F, Manafi Shabestari R, Kazemi A. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through suppression of STAT5 and Akt signaling pathways. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631564 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and Akt pathways, implicated in signaling transduction downstream of BCR-ABL, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Therefore, idenication of novel compounds that modulate the activity of such pathways could be a new approach in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of various tumor cells. However, its anticancer activity against chronic myeloid leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Our data revealed that indole-3-carbinol promoted mitochondrial apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia-derived K562 cells, as evidenced by the activation of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Treatment with indole-3-carbinol was found to be associated with a decrease in the cellular levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the downregulation of genes is regulated by Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. We also found that treatment with indole-3-carbinol resulted in the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduced expression of human telomerase and c-Myc. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 5/Akt pathway is a cellular target for indole-3-carbinol in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Thus, this clinically tested natural compound can be a potential candidate in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia following confirmation with clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Safa
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rima Manafi Shabestari
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou J, Zhao M, Tang Y, Wang J, Wei C, Gu F, Lei T, Chen Z, Qin Y. The milk-derived fusion peptide, ACFP, suppresses the growth of primary human ovarian cancer cells by regulating apoptotic gene expression and signaling pathways. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:246. [PMID: 27012847 PMCID: PMC4806491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ACFP is an anti-cancer fusion peptide derived from bovine milk protein. This study was to investigate the anti-cancer function and underlying mechanisms of ACFP in ovarian cancer. Methods Fresh ovarian tumor tissues were collected from 53 patients who underwent initial debulking surgery, and primary cancer cells were cultured. Normal ovarian surface epithelium cells (NOSECs), isolated from 7 patients who underwent surgery for uterine fibromas, were used as normal control tissue. Anti-viabilities of ACFP were assessed by WST-1 (water-soluble tetrazolium 1), and apoptosis was measured using a flow cytometry-based assay. Gene expression profiles of ovarian cancer cells treated with ACFP were generated by cDNA microarray, and the expression of apoptotic-specific genes, such as bcl-xl, bax, akt, caspase-3, CDC25C and cyclinB1, was assessed by real time PCR and western blot analysis. Results Treatment with ACFP inhibited the viability and promoted apoptosis of primary ovarian cancer cells but exhibited little or no cytotoxicity toward normal primary ovarian cells. Mechanistically, the anti-cancer effects of ACFP in ovarian cells were shown to occur partially via changes in gene expression and related signal pathways. Gene expression profiling highlighted that ACFP treatment in ovarian cancer cells repressed the expression of bcl-xl, akt, CDC25C and cyclinB1 and promoted the expression of bax and caspase-3 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results suggest that ACFP may represent a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer that functions by altering the expression and signaling of cancer-related pathways in ovarian cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2281-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Mengjing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yigui Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Cai Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Fang Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yide Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Sharifi S, Barar J, Hejazi MS, Samadi N. Doxorubicin Changes Bax /Bcl-xL Ratio, Caspase-8 and 9 in Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:351-9. [PMID: 26504757 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Doxorubicin is administrated as a single agent in first-line therapy of breast cancer to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Bax, Bcl-xL, Caspase-8 and 9 proteins are involved in induction of apoptosis. The present study describes Bax, Bcl-xL gene expression and Caspase-8 and 9 protein levels in MCF-7 cells incubated with doxorubicin at different doses an incubation times. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin were studied using MTT assay. MCF-7 cells were treated with three concentrations of doxorubicin (0.1, 0.5, 1 μM) and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours then expression levels of Bax and Bcl-xL genes were elucidated by Real-time RT-PCR technique and protein levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9 proteins were measured using ELISA method. Morphological modifications of the cells were also monitored via light microscopic images. RESULTS Doxorubicin decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and increased pro-apoptotic Bax mRNA levels. Doxorubicin induced a significant increase in Bax /Bcl-xL ratio in all doses and incubation times (p<0.05). Highest (more than 10 fold) increase in Bax /Bcl-xL ratio was revealed after 48 h incubation of the cells with in all doses of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin also increased caspase-9 level in a time and dose-dependent manner, while caspase-8 level didn't follow time and dose dependency pattern. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that doxorubicin induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of Bcl-xL and up- regulation of Bax and caspase-9 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Sharifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Multidrug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia: how much can we learn from MDR-CML cell lines? Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130067. [PMID: 24070327 PMCID: PMC3839595 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia) is the BCR (breakpoint cluster region)-ABL fusion gene. CML evolves through three phases, based on both clinical and pathological features: a chronic phase, an accelerated phase and blast crisis. TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) are the treatment modality for patients with chronic phase CML. The therapeutic potential of the TKI imatinib is affected by BCR-ABL dependent an independent mechanisms. Development of MDR (multidrug resistance) contributes to the overall clinical resistance. MDR involves overexpression of ABC -transporters (ATP-binding-cassette transporter) among other features. MDR studies include the analysis of cancer cell lines selected for resistance. CML blast crisis is accompanied by increased resistance to apoptosis. This work reviews the role played by the influx transporter OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1), by efflux ABC transporters, molecules involved in the modulation of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2 family, CD95, IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis protein)], Hh and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, cytoskeleton abnormalities and other features described in leukaemic cells of clinical samples and CML cell lines. An MDR cell line, Lucena-1, generated from K562 by stepwise exposure to vincristine, was used as our model and some potential anticancer drugs effective against the MDR cell line and patients' samples are presented.
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High concentrations of L-ascorbic acid specifically inhibit the growth of human leukemic cells via downregulation of HIF-1α transcription. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62717. [PMID: 23626851 PMCID: PMC3633866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the antileukemic effects of high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (high AA) on human leukemic cells. In vitro, high AA markedly induced apoptosis in various leukemic cell lines by generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but not in normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. High AA significantly repressed leukemic cell proliferation as well as neoangiogenesis in immunodeficient mice. We then noted that in leukemic cells, HIF-1α transcription was strongly suppressed by high AA and correlated with the transcription of VEGF. Our data indicate that exposure to high AA markedly increased the intracellular AA content of leukemic cells and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which mediates expression of HIF-1α. We next generated K562 cells that overexpressed HIF-1α (K562-HIF1α cells) and assessed the mechanistic relationship between inhibition of HIF-1α transcription and the antileukemic effect of high AA. The ability of high AA to induce apoptosis was significantly lower in K562-HIF1α cells than in K562 cells in vitro. We found that expression of HIF-1α-regulated antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, such as Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was significantly suppressed by high AA in K562 cells, but was sustained at higher levels in K562-HIF1α cells, regardless of high AA exposure. Moreover, repression of cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis by high AA was completely abrogated in mice receiving transplants of K562-HIF1α cells. These results indicate that, along with H2O2 generation, downregulation of HIF-1α transcription plays a crucial role in growth inhibition of human leukemic cells by high AA.
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Wang H, Ao M, Wu J, Yu L. TNFα and Fas/FasL pathways are involved in 9-Methoxycamptothecin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with oxidative stress and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:396-410. [PMID: 23369935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT) has been recently reported to have a strong anticancer activity. However, its detailed mechanism of action in human cancer cells has not been well clarified. The results showed that MCPT induced cytotoxicity in seven human cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner after 72h, with A2780 and Hela cell lines more sensitive, so the two cell lines were chosen to do further studies. MCPT induced strong G2/M arrest in both A2780 cells and Hela cells after 24h, following by substantial sub-G1 arrest (indicating apoptosis). The apoptosis was verified by staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. ROS generation increased significantly in MCPT-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis appeared to be dependent on caspase-3, -8 and -9 in A2780 cells, and caspase-3 in Hela cells. In addition, MCPT induced up-regulation expression of most of seventeen genes in both cell lines. Western blot verified that changes of TNFα, Fas, P53 and P27 protein level were consistent with their gene expression changes. Taken together, MCPT plays an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in both cell lines via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and has the potential to be developed into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Faley S, Copland M, Reboud J, Cooper JM. Intracellular protein trafficking kinetics in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells using a microfluidic platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:368-73. [PMID: 22344285 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein BCR-ABL is produced by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and functions as an abnormal, constitutively active tyrosine kinase that interferes with normal migratory and apoptotic behaviour of cells. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as dasatinib, eliminate CML progenitor cells, but fail to target the stem cell fraction resulting in persistent disease. In order to achieve a cure for CML in the majority of patients, we need an improved understanding of intracellular signalling dynamics, including the shuttling of BCR-ABL between cytosolic and nuclear compartments. In the past, the instability of BCR-ABL in assays using conventional immunohistochemical techniques has made this difficult and has not allowed for reliable analysis at the single cell level. Here we show how the utilization of rapid on-chip cell fixation within a microfluidic platform provides a means to immunofluorescently analyze the spatiotemporal localization of both BCR-ABL and c-ABL, as well as the linked apoptosis mediator, BCL-XL, in arrays of single CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells, without cell loss. We demonstrate this proceeds up to 4 times faster than benchtop methods. Our results indicate that whilst both BCR-ABL and c-ABL shuttle from the cytoplasm to the nucleus following dasatinib treatment, the temporal dynamics are not synchronized. The microfluidic platform has the potential to provide insights into the intracellular signalling events in single cells. The ability to examine signalling events and assess BCR-ABL expression/activity in isolated cells in "real-time" may help elucidate the characteristics of rare CML stem cell events, which lead to the resistance of CML stem cells to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Faley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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