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Zangene D, Moravej H, Ilkhanipoor H, Amirhakimi A, Afshar Z, Entezam M. CYP21A2 Gene Analysis in Southern Iranian CAH Patients and a Brief Review of the Mutation Spectrum. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2024; 16:130-135. [PMID: 38618509 PMCID: PMC11007372 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v16i2.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CYP21A2 gene mutations are responsible for more than 95% of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. Most of these pathogenic mutations originate from the CYP21A1P, a neighboring pseudogene with 98% homology, due to unequal crossing over or gene conversion events. Mutation identification of the gene could be beneficial for accurate diagnosis and outcome prediction. Methods Twelve unrelated patients with CAH diagnosis were recruited for genetic counseling. To ensure distinct amplification of the CYP21A2 gene rather than its pseudogene, the complete sequence of the gene was amplified through two overlapping fragments by specific primers. The entire sequences were screened by direct Sanger sequencing using new sequencing primers. Results Only two pathogenic point mutations were identified. The c.293-13C>G, also known as In2G, and the c.955C>T mutations were found in 37.5 and 33.3% of alleles, respectively. One patient showed homozygous gene deletion. We also reviewed recent reports on CYP21A2 gene mutations in Iran. Conclusion Evaluating the ethnicity-specific gene mutation data is significant for populations with diverse ethnic groups including the Iranian population. Although several common mutations have been reported as causative mutations among CAH patients, identifying only two common point mutations in Fars province would help prioritize exon sequencing and reduce the cost and time of genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Zangene
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Moravej
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Homa Ilkhanipoor
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anis Amirhakimi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zhila Afshar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dabbaghipour R, Ahmadi E, Entezam M, Farzam OR, Sohrabi S, Jamali S, Sichani AS, Paydar H, Baradaran B. Concise review: The heterogenous roles of BATF3 in cancer oncogenesis and dendritic cells and T cells differentiation and function considering the importance of BATF3-dependent dendritic cells. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:75-91. [PMID: 38358555 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor, known as basic leucine zipper ATF-like 3 (BATF3), is a crucial contributor to the development of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), which is definitely required for priming CD8 + T cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens and malignancies. In this respect, BATF3-dependent cDC1 can bring about immunological tolerance, an autoimmune response, graft immunity, and defense against infectious agents such as viruses, microbes, parasites, and fungi. Moreover, the important function of cDC1 in stimulating CD8 + T cells creates an excellent opportunity to develop a highly effective target for vaccination against intracellular pathogens and diseases. BATF3 has been clarified to control the development of CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs. The presence of BATF3-dependent cDC1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) reinforces immunosurveillance and improves immunotherapy approaches, which can be beneficial for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, BATF3 acts as a transcriptional inhibitor of Treg development by decreasing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3. However, when overexpressed in CD8 + T cells, it can enhance their survival and facilitate their transition to a memory state. BATF3 induces Th9 cell differentiation by binding to the IL-9 promoter through a BATF3/IRF4 complex. One of the latest research findings is the oncogenic function of BATF3, which has been approved and illustrated in several biological processes of proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sohrabi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Jamali
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Saber Sichani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hadi Paydar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dabbaghipour R, Khaze Shahgoli V, Safaei S, Amini M, Tabei S, Shanehbandi D, Rahbar Farzam O, Baradaran B, Entezam M. siRNA-mediated downregulation of BATF3 diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis through downregulating c-Myc expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:100. [PMID: 38217769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite considerable improvement in therapeutic approaches to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, this malignancy is considered incurable due to resistance. However, investigating the molecular mechanism of CML may give rise to the development of extremely efficient targeted therapies that improve the prognosis of patients. Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like3 (BATF3), as transcription factor, is considered a key regulator of cellular activities and its function has been evaluated in tumor development and growth in several cancer types. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the cellular impact of siRNA-mediated downregulation of BATF3 on CML cancer cells through cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transfection of BATF3 siRNA to K562 CML cells was performed by electroporation device. To measure cellular viability and apoptosis, MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining were carried out, respectively. Also, cell cycle assay and flow cytometry instrument were applied to assess cell cycle distribution of K562 cells. For more validation, mRNA expression of correlated genes was relatively evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The data indicated that siRNA-mediated BATF3 inactivating severely promoted the cell apoptosis. Also, the targeted therapy led to high expression of Caspase-3 gene and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Silenced BATF3 also induced cell cycle arrest in phase sub-G1 compared to control. Finally, a noticeable decrement was obtained in c-Myc gene expression through suppression of BATF3 in CML cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this research illustrated the suppression of BATF3 as an effective targeted therapy strategy for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Smb Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR, Iran.
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Dabbaghipour R, Ahmadi E, Entezam M, Rahbar Farzam O, Baghbanzadeh A, Saber Sichani A, Jalilzadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulatory Effects of Long Non-coding RNAs on Th17/Treg Differentiation and Imbalance. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 22:512-526. [PMID: 38477949 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v22i6.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Scientific research over the past decades has proven the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in regulating gene expression. The immune responses are controlled through the interaction of pro-inflammatory (predominance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion (predominance of Regulatory T cells (Treg)). Recent studies have marked the impact of many diverse LncRNAs on Treg/Th17 imbalances. Moreover, some of the roots and causes of human diseases can be associated with the alterations in the Th17/Treg ratio. In this review study, we overviewed the association between LncRNAs and Th17/Treg, with the potential of providing novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets in various diseases, particularly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omid Rahbar Farzam
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Saber Sichani
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hajimohammadi Z, Alimohammadi-Bidhendi S, Bagheri Amiri F, Karimipoor M, Davoudi-Dehaghani E, Entezam M. Development of a Quantitative Multiplex PCR to Detect Three Common Alpha Thalassemia Deletions. Hemoglobin 2023; 47:163-166. [PMID: 37766586 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2260744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Alpha thalassemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with a high prevalence in the Middle East. The severe form of alpha-thalassemia is incompatible with life and can cause significant obstetric complications in the mother. Therefore, it is important to determine the genotype in parents who have a chance of having a fetus with one of the severe forms of this disease. A total of 112 samples that were previously analyzed for common alpha thalassemia mutations in Iran were used in this study. A new multiplex PCR including quantitative polymerase chain reaction to amplify the homologous regions of the alpha-globin gene cluster and fluorescent gap PCR was designed to identify -α3.7, -α4.2, --MED deletions. The ROC curve was used to determine the optimum cutoff points. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the peak height ratios for different genotypes. The peak corresponding to the 297 bp fragment resulting from the amplification of the allele with MED-I deletion was detected in all the samples with this deletion. Different cutoffs for a range of sensitivities and specificities were determined by the ROC curve. The suggested method can identify three common large deletions in the alpha-globin gene cluster. A study with a larger sample size can provide more accurate information about the sensitivity and specificity of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajimohammadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Alimohammadi-Bidhendi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Saberi M, Golchehre Z, Karamzade A, Entezam M, Eshaghkhani Y, Alavinejad E, Khojasteh Jafari H, Keramatipour M. CRB1-Related Leber Congenital Amaurosis: Reporting Novel Pathogenic Variants and a Brief Review on Mutations Spectrum. Iran Biomed J 2019; 23. [PMID: 31103025 PMCID: PMC6661128 DOI: 10.29252/.23.5.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background LLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited retinal disease causing severe visual impairment in infancy. It has been reported that 9-15% of LCA cases have mutations in CRB1 gene. The complex of CRB1 protein with other associated proteins affects the determination of cell polarity, orientation, and morphogenesis of photoreceptors. Here, we report three novel pathogenic variants in CRB1 gene and then briefly review the types, prevalence, and correlation of reported mutations in CRB1 gene. Methods Whole exome sequencing and targeted gene panel were employed. Then validation in the patient and segregation analysis in affected and unaffected members was performed. Results Our detected novel pathogenic variants (p.Glu703*, c.2128+1G>A and p.Ser758SerfsX33) in CRB1 gene were validated by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analysis confirmed the inheritance pattern of the pathogenic variants. Conclusion Our findings show that emerging the next-generation sequencing-based techniques is very efficient in identifying causative variants in disorders with locus heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saberi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Golchehre
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Karamzade
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Eshaghkhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Alavinejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Author: Mohammad Keramatipour, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel. & Fax: (+98-21) 88953005;
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7
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Saberi M, Golchehre Z, Karamzade A, Entezam M, Eshaghkhani Y, Alavinejad E, Khojasteh Jafari H, Keramatipour M. CRB1-Related Leber Congenital Amaurosis: Reporting Novel Pathogenic Variants and a Brief Review on Mutations Spectrum. ibj 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/ibj.23.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Entezam M, Razipour M, Talebi S, Beiraghi Toosi M, Keramatipour M. Multi affected pedigree with congenital microcephaly: WES revealed PNKP gene mutation. Brain Dev 2019; 41:182-186. [PMID: 30195441 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microcephaly is a rare neurological disorder, occurs in both isolated and syndromic forms. This classification could be confusing in rare disorders with variable phenotypic characteristics. However, identification of the causative gene through genetic study would allow determining the definite diagnosis. Here we reported a novel missense variant c.1133A>C (p.Lys378Thr) on the 13th exon of PNKP gene identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) in an Iranian multi-affected family with microcephaly, seizures and developmental delay (MCSZ) disorder. Data analysis suggested this variant as a pathogenic mutation which is co-segregate with the disease in the pedigree. PNKP gene mutation is consistent with the clinical features of the affected family members. Regarding both genetic findings and clinical examinations, the reported pedigree can be considered as another affected family with MCSZ syndrome, which has been reported about 10 cases worldwide. This study proves the application of WES for determining the final diagnosis in complicated neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pishgam Biotech Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseini F, Entezam M, Jafari SH, Khonakdar HA, Abdouss M. On physical and antibacterial properties and drug release behavior of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels: effect of drug loaded chitosan nanoparticles. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1520249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Hosseini
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, slamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - M. Entezam
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Razipour M, Alavinejad E, Sajedi SZ, Talebi S, Entezam M, Mohajer N, Kazemi-Sefat GE, Gharesouran J, Setoodeh A, Mohaddes Ardebili SM, Keramatipour M. Genetic study of the PAH locus in the Iranian population: familial gene mutations and minihaplotypes. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1685-1691. [PMID: 28676969 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU), one of the most common inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, is caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene (PAH). PKU has wide allelic heterogeneity, and over 600 different disease-causing mutations in PAH have been detected to date. Up to now, there have been no reports on the minihaplotype (VNTR/STR) analysis of PAH locus in the Iranian population. The aims of the present study were to determine PAH mutations and minihaplotypes in Iranian families with PAH deficiency and to investigate the correlation between them. A total of 81 Iranian families with PAH deficiency were examined using PCR-sequencing of all 13 PAH exons and their flanking intron regions to identify sequence variations. Fragment analysis of the PAH minihaplotypes was performed by capillary electrophoresis for 59 families. In our study, 33 different mutations were found accounting for 95% of the total mutant alleles. The majority of these mutations (72%) were distributed across exons 7, 11, 2 and their flanking intronic regions. Mutation c.1066-11G > A was the most common with a frequency of 20.37%. The less frequent mutations, p.Arg261Gln (8%), p.Arg243Ter (7.4%), p.Leu48Ser (7.4%), p.Lys363Asnfs*37 (6.79%), c.969 + 5G > A (6.17%), p.Pro281Leu (5.56), c.168 + 5G > C (5.56), and p.Arg261Ter (4.94) together comprised about 52% of all mutant alleles. In this study, a total of seventeen PAH gene minihaplotypes were detected, six of which associated exclusively with particular mutations. Our findings indicate a broad PAH mutation spectrum in the Iranian population, which is consistent with previous studies reporting a wide range of PAH mutations, most likely due to ethnic heterogeneity. High prevalence of c.1066-11G > A mutation linked to minihaplotype 7/250 among both Iranian and Mediterranean populations is indicative of historical and geographical links between them. Also, strong association between particular mutations and minihaplotypes could be useful for prenatal diagnosis (PND) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Alavinejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Zahra Sajedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohajer
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz-Ensieh Kazemi-Sefat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aria Setoodeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mohaddes Ardebili
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alavinejad E, Sajedi SZ, Razipour M, Entezam M, Mohajer N, Setoodeh A, Talebi S, Keramatipour M. A Novel Variant in the PAH Gene Causing Phenylketonuria in an Iranian Pedigree. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2017; 9:146-149. [PMID: 28706611 PMCID: PMC5501143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene is the well-known causative gene for classic Phenylketonuria (PKU) (OMIM#261600) disease, with more than 500 reported mutations. Through this study, a novel mutation in the PAH gene in an Iranian pedigree with phenylketonuria was introduced. METHODS A consanguineous family with a 10-year old affected girl was referred for genetic analysis. Mutation screening of all exons and exon-intron boundaries was performed by Sanger sequencing, and mini haplotype analysis was carried out by genotyping of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) alleles. RESULTS Mutation analysis revealed a novel homozygous insertion of a single adenine nucleotide at position 335 in exon 3 of the PAH gene. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, the change is interpreted as a pathogenic mutation which produces a premature termination signal (TAA) at codon 113 according to in silico assessments. The mini haplotype analysis showed that this mutation was linked to STR (15) -VNTR (3). CONCLUSION In this study, a novel mutation was reported in a patient who had PKU symptoms without any previously reported mutations in the PAH gene (NM_000277.1:p.Asp112Glufs*2) that can be responsible for the classical PKU phenotype in the Iranian population. Detection of novel mutations indicates notable allelic heterogeneity of the PAH locus among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Alavinejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Zahra Sajedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohajer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Setoodeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Keramatipour, Ph.D., Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel/Fax: +98 21 64053213, E-mail:
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Talebi S, Entezam M, Mohajer N, Kazemi-Sefat GE, Razipour M, Ahmadloo S, Setoodeh A, Keramatipour M. An Efficient Trio-Based Mini-Haplotyping Method for Genetic Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria. Cell J 2016; 18:229-36. [PMID: 27540528 PMCID: PMC4988422 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus has high linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes related to this locus may thus be considered sufficiently informative for genetic diagnosis and carrier screening using multi-allelic markers. In this study, we present an efficient
method for haplotype analysis of PAH locus using multiplexing dyes. In addition, we explain
how to resolve the dye shift challenge in multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping.
Materials and Methods One hundred family trios were included in this descriptive
study. The forward primer of a tetra-nucleotide STR and the reverse primer of a variable
number tandem repeat (VNTR) were labeled with three different non-overlapping dyes
5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), 6-carboxy-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylrhodamine (HEX) and 6-carboxy-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
products from each family trio were multiplexed for capillary electrophoresis and results
were analyzed using Peak Scanner software.
Results Multiplexing trio products decreased the cost significantly. The TAMRA labeled products had a significant predictable shift (migrated at a slower electrophoretic rate) relative to the
HEX and FAM labeled products. Through our methodology we achieve, the less inter-dye shift
than intra-dye shift variance. Correcting the dye shift in the labeled products, according to the
reference allele size, significantly decreased the inter-dye variability (P<0.001).
Conclusion Multiplexing trio products helps to detect and resolve the dye shift accurately
in each family, which otherwise would result in diagnostic error. The dye system of FAM,
HEX and TAMRA is more feasible and cheaper than other dye systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohajer
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz-Ensieh Kazemi-Sefat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahmadloo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Setoodeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rahideh ST, Shidfar F, Nourbakhsh M, Hoseini M, Koohdani F, Entezam M, Keramatipour M. The individual or combinational effects of Hesperetin and Letrozole on the activity and expression of aromatase in MCF-7 cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:38-43. [PMID: 27262800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase catalyzes the last and rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis. Inhibition of estrogen production is a common strategy for breast cancer treatment. Citrus flavonoids have been confirmed to exhibit efficacious biological activities, particularly in cancer therapy. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hesperetin on the activity and expression of aromatase and compare this property with letrozole as an aromatase inhibitor in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays in this study demonstrated that hesperetin at a concentration of 200 μM decreased cell viability in a time dependent manner (P<0.05). Aromatase activity assay, based on 17β-Estradiol (E2) production from testosterone, revealed that hesperetin had no effect. Real-time PCR results indicated that treatment with 1μM concentration of hesperetin for 48 h significantly decreased relative aromatase expression (P =0.004). Combination of letrozole and hesperetin also had no effect on aromatase. The changes in activity paralleled the expression of aromatase. Likely, the reduction in aromatase activity was delayed in time along with the reduction in expression ratio; however additional studies are needed to confirm this. In conclusion, the present study showed that hesperetin could decrease expression of aromatase at low concentrations in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Rahideh
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Tehran Iran
| | - F Shidfar
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Tehran Iran
| | - M Nourbakhsh
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - M Hoseini
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Tehran Iran
| | - F Koohdani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Molecular and Cellular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran Iran
| | - M Entezam
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - M Keramatipour
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
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Entezam M, Khatami MR, Saddadi F, Ayati M, Roozbeh J, Saghafi H, Keramatipour M. Genetic analysis of Iranian autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: new insight to haplotype analysis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:15-20. [PMID: 26950445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) caused by mutations in two PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Due to the complexity of the PKD1 gene, its direct mutation screening is an expensive and time-consuming procedure. Pedigree-based haplotype analysis is a useful indirect approach to identify the responsible gene in families with multiple affected individuals, before direct mutation analysis. Here, we applied this approach to investigate 15 appropriate unrelated ADPKD families, selected from 25 families, who referred for genetic counseling. Four polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected around each PKD1 and PKD2 loci. In addition, by investigating the genomic regions, two novel flanking tetranucleotide STR markers were identified. Haplotype analysis and calculating Lod score confirmed linkage to PKD1 in 9 families (60%) and to PKD2 in 2 families (13%). Linkage to both loci was excluded in one family (6.6%). In 2 families (13%) the Lod scores were inconclusive. Causative mutation was identified successfully by direct analysis in two families with confirmed linkage, one to PKD1 and another to PKD2 locus. The study showed that determining the causative locus prior to direct mutation analysis is an efficient strategy to reduce the resources required for genetic analysis of ADPKD families. This is more prominent in PKD2-linked families. Selection of suitable markers, and appropriate PCR multiplexing strategy, using fluorescent labeled primers and 3 primer system, will also add value to this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Entezam
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - M R Khatami
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Nephrology Research Center Tehran Iran
| | - F Saddadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - M Ayati
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Urology Research Center Tehran Iran
| | - J Roozbeh
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research center Shiraz Iran
| | - H Saghafi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - M Keramatipour
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
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Tabei SMB, Nariman A, Daliri K, Roozbeh J, Khezri A, Goodarzi HR, Lotfi M, Sefidbakht S, Entezam M. Simple renal cysts and hypertension are associated with angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variant in Shiraz population (Iran). J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 16:409-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313494941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephrology—Urology Research Center
| | | | | | - M Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - S Sefidbakht
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Rasti M, Tavasoli P, Monabati A, Entezam M. Association between HIC1 and RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation with MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Iranian patients. Iran Biomed J 2009; 13:199-206. [PMID: 19946345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras-associated domain family 1 (RASSF1A) and hypermethylated in cancer (HIC1) genes are methylated more frequently in breast cancer. Genetic factors that alter the DNA methylation levels in normal and tumor tissues could therefore influence the susceptibility to this tumor phenotype. We determined the frequency of aberrant methylation of HIC1 and RASSF1A gene promoters and their association with methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A polymorphism and major clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in Iranian women. METHODS DNA was extracted from 81 primary breast tumors and 100 control blood samples. Gene promoter methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Eighty four percent of the breast cancer samples showed total methylation in at least one of two tested loci. We detected HIC1 hypermethylation in 79% of invasive and metastasis tumors and RASSF1A gene hypermethylation in 51% of them. We found no association between HIC1 and RASSF1A gene hypermethylation and MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism, but a significant correlation between methylation of HIC1 and RASSF1A promoters was indicated (r = 0.24, P = 0.02). There was a combination between hypermethylation of HIC1 locus and nodal involvement in the studied population (p=0.03). We found a significant association between total methylation and nodal involvement (P = 0.01) as well as tumor size more than 2 cm in all cases (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Methylation of HIC1 and RASSF1A promoters can be used as epigenetic markers to detect the malignant progression of breast carcinoma in Iranian women patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Rasti
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Tavasoli
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Dept. of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Entezam
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Behzad-Behbahani A, Entezam M, Mojiri A, Pouransari R, Rahsaz M, Banihashemi M, Heidari T, Farhadi A, Azarpira N, Yaghobi R, Jowkar Z, Ramzi M, Robati M. INCIDENCE OF HUMAN HERPES VIRUS-6 AND HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN DONATED BONE MARROW AND UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Behzad-Behbahani A, Entezam M, Mojiri A, Pouransari R, Rahsaz M, Banihashemi M, Heidari T, Farhadi A, Azarpira N, Yaghobi R, Jowkar Z, Ramzi M, Robati M. Incidence of human herpes virus-6 and human cytomegalovirus infections in donated bone marrow and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:252-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.42038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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