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Clark MP, Leaman DW, Hazelhurst LA, Hwang ES, Quinn A. An aza-anthrapyrazole negatively regulates Th1 activity and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Li YJ, Wang CY, Ye MY, Yao GY, Wang HS. Novel Coumarin-Containing Aminophosphonatesas Antitumor Agent: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, DNA-Binding and Apoptosis Evaluation. Molecules 2015; 20:14791-809. [PMID: 26287139 PMCID: PMC6331810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel coumarin-containing α-aminophosphonates were synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activities against Human colorectal (HCT-116), human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (human KB) and human lung adenocarcinoma (MGC-803) cell lines in vitro. Compared with 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (4-MU), most of the derivatives showed an improved antitumor activity. Compound 8j (diethyl 1-(3-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) propanamido)-1-phenylethyl-Phosphonate), with IC50 value of 8.68 μM against HCT-116 cell lines, was about 12 fold than that of unsubstituted parent compound. The mechanism investigation proved that 8c, 8d, 8f and 8j were achieved through the induction of cell apoptosis by G1 cell-cycle arrest. In addition, the further mechanisms of compound 8j-induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells demonstrated that compound 8j induced the activations of caspase-9 and caspase-3 for causing cell apoptosis, and altered anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. DNA-binding experiments suggested that some derivatives bind to DNA through intercalation. The results seem to imply the presence of an important synergistic effect between coumarin and aminophosphonate, which could contribute to the strong chelating properties of aminophosphonate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421000, China.
| | - Cai-Yi Wang
- College of Chemical and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
| | - Man-Yi Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Gui-Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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3
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Li YJ, Ye MY, Huang RZ, Yao GY, Pan YM, Liao ZX, Wang HS. Coumarin-containing aminophosphonates bridged with chiral side chain: synthesis and influence of chirality on cytotoxicity and DNA binding. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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4
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Kiraly A, Koffman B, Hacker M, Gunning W, Rasche S, Quinn A. A novel aza-anthrapyrazole blocks the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after the priming of autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:304-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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El-Dakdouki MH, Adamski N, Foster L, Hacker MP, Erhardt PW. Hypoxia Activated Prodrugs of a 9-Aza-anthrapyrazole Derivative That Has Promising Anticancer Activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8224-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200984x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki
- Center for Drug Design and Development,
College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nicholas Adamski
- Department of Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Lecia Foster
- Department of Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Miles P. Hacker
- Department of Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Paul W. Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development,
College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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6
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of bisintercalating DNA-binding piperazine-linked bisanthrapyrazole compounds as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7023-32. [PMID: 22041173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of bisintercalating DNA binding bisanthrapyrazole compounds containing piperazine linkers were designed by molecular modeling and docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are not quinones they are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines and thus they should not be cardiotoxic. The concentration dependent increase in DNA melting temperature was used to determine the strength of DNA binding and the bisintercalation potential of the compounds. Compounds with more than a three-carbon linker that could span four DNA base pairs achieved bisintercalation. All of the bisanthrapyrazoles inhibited human erythroleukemic K562 cell growth in the low to submicromolar concentration range. They also strongly inhibited the decatenation activity of topoisomerase IIα and the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I. However, as measured by their ability to induce double strand breaks in plasmid DNA, the bisanthrapyrazole compounds did not act as topoisomerase IIα poisons. In conclusion, a novel group of bisanthrapyrazole compounds were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential anticancer agents.
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7
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Zhang R, Wu X, Guziec LJ, Guziec FS, Chee GL, Yalowich JC, Hasinoff BB. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of anthrapyrazoles linked with netropsin-like oligopyrrole carboxamides as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3974-84. [PMID: 20471276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs that bind to DNA and inhibit DNA-processing enzymes represent an important class of anticancer drugs. Combilexin molecules, which combine DNA minor groove binding and intercalating functionalities, have the potential for increased DNA binding affinity and increased selectivity due to their dual mode of DNA binding. This study describes the synthesis of DNA minor groove binder netropsin analogs containing either one or two N-methylpyrrole carboxamide groups linked to DNA-intercalating anthrapyrazoles. Those hybrid molecules which had both two N-methylpyrrole groups and terminal (dimethylamino)alkyl side chains displayed submicromolar cytotoxicity towards K562 human leukemia cells. The combilexins were also evaluated for DNA binding by measuring the increase in DNA melting temperature, for DNA topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated double strand cleavage of DNA, for inhibition of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha decatenation activity, and for inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I relaxation of DNA. Several of the compounds stabilized the DNA-topoisomerase IIalpha covalent complex indicating that they acted as topoisomerase IIalpha poisons. Some of the combilexins had higher affinity for DNA than their parent anthrapyrazoles. In conclusion, a novel group of compounds combining DNA intercalating anthrapyrazole groups and minor groove binding netropsin analogs have been designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated as possible novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
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8
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Hasinoff BB, Zhang R, Wu X, Guziec LJ, Guziec FS, Marshall K, Yalowich JC. The structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of DNA-binding amide linked bisintercalating bisanthrapyrazole anticancer compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4575-82. [PMID: 19457675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of amide-coupled bisanthrapyrazole derivatives of 7-chloro-2-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]ethyl]anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (AP9) were designed using molecular modeling and docking and synthesized in order to develop an anticancer drug that formed a strongly binding bisintercalation complex with DNA. Concentration dependency for the increase in the DNA melting temperature was used to determine the DNA binding strength and whether bisintercalation occurred for the newly synthesized analogs. The ability of the compounds to inhibit the growth of the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line and inhibit the decatenation activity of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha was also measured. Finally, the compounds were evaluated for their ability to act as topoisomerase II poisons by measuring the topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated double strand cleavage of DNA. All of the bisanthrapyrazoles inhibited K562 cell growth and topoisomerase IIalpha in the low micromolar range. Compounds with either two or three methylene linkers formed bisintercalation complexes with DNA and bound as strongly as, or more strongly than, doxorubicin. In conclusion, a novel group of amide-coupled bisintercalating anthrapyrazole compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their physico-chemical and biologic properties as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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9
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Hasinoff BB, Liang H, Wu X, Guziec LJ, Guziec FS, Marshall K, Yalowich JC. The structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of DNA-binding bisintercalating bisanthrapyrazole anticancer compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:3959-68. [PMID: 18258442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs that bind to DNA and inhibit DNA-processing enzymes represent an important class of anticancer drugs. In order to find stronger DNA binding and more potent cytotoxic compounds, a series of ester-coupled bisanthrapyrazole derivatives of 7-chloro-2-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]ethyl]anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (AP9) were designed and evaluated by molecular docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines, they should not be cardiotoxic like the anthracyclines. Based on the docking scores of a series of bisanthrapyrazoles with different numbers of methylene linkers (n) that were docked into an X-ray structure of double-stranded DNA, five bisanthrapyrazoles (n=1-5) were selected for synthesis and physical and biological evaluation. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for DNA binding and bisintercalation by measuring the DNA melting temperature increase, for growth inhibitory effects on the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line, and for DNA topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated cleavage of DNA and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha decatenation activities. The results suggest that the bisanthrapyrazoles with n=2-5 formed bisintercalation complexes with DNA. In conclusion, a novel group of bisintercalating anthrapyrazole compounds have been designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated as possible anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2.
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10
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Shanab K, Pongprom N, Wulz E, Holzer W, Spreitzer H, Schmidt P, Aicher B, Müller G, Günther E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel cytotoxic azanaphthoquinone annelated pyrrolo oximes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6091-5. [PMID: 17904839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of azanaphthoquinone annelated pyrrolo oximes have been synthesized. The antiproliferative activities of 10 compounds were evaluated on at least four different cell lines. One series of pyrrolo derivatives showed high cytotoxic activity. The effects on cell cycle and caspase activity were investigated. Compounds 9a and 9b showed an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Substantial and dose-dependent caspase activity was found after treatment of cells with 9a and 9b. This indicates an apoptosis inducing property of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Shanab
- Department of Drug and Natural Product Synthesis, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Smith SI, Guziec LJ, Guziec FS, Hasinoff BB, Brodbelt JS. Evaluation of relative DNA binding affinities of anthrapyrazoles by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:681-8. [PMID: 17405184 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Binding interactions of a new series of anthrapyrazoles (APs) with DNA were evaluated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Relative binding affinities were estimated from the ESI-MS data based on the fraction of bound DNA for DNA/anthrapyrazole mixtures, and they show a correlation to the shift in melting point of the DNA measured from a previous study. Minimal sequence specificity was observed for the series of anthrapyrazoles. Upon collisionally activated dissociation of the duplex/anthrapyrazole complexes, typically ejection of the ligand was the dominant pathway for most of the complexes. However, for complexes containing AP2 or mitoxantrone, strand separation with the ligand remaining on one of the single strands was observed, indicative of a different binding mode or stronger binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suncerae I Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Tan JH, Zhang QX, Huang ZS, Chen Y, Wang XD, Gu LQ, Wu JY. Synthesis, DNA binding and cytotoxicity of new pyrazole emodin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1041-7. [PMID: 16716458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of new anthrapyrazoles were derived from emodin by attaching various cationic alkyl amino side chains onto a pyrazole ring which had been incorporated into the anthraquinone chromophore. Compared with emodin, the derivatives had significantly higher DNA binding affinity based on interaction with calf thymus DNA, and much more potent cytotoxicity against different tumor cells. The derivatives with a mono-cationic alkyl side chain exhibited the highest DNA binding affinity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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13
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Liang H, Wu X, Guziec LJ, Guziec FS, Larson KK, Lang J, Yalowich JC, Hasinoff BB. A Structure-Based 3D-QSAR Study of Anthrapyrazole Analogues of the Anticancer Agents Losoxantrone and Piroxantrone. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 46:1827-35. [PMID: 16859314 DOI: 10.1021/ci060056y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 13 anthrapyrazole compounds that are analogues of piroxantrone and losoxantrone were synthesized, and their cell growth inhibitory effects, DNA binding, topoisomerase IIalpha mediated (EC 5.99.1.3) cleavage of DNA, and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha decatenation catalytic activities were determined. Cell growth inhibitory activity was well-correlated with DNA binding, suggesting that these compounds may act by targeting DNA. However, cell growth inhibition was not well-correlated with the inhibition of topoisomerase IIalpha catalytic activity, suggesting that these anthrapyrazoles did not act solely by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II. Most of the analogues were able to induce DNA cleavage, and thus, it was concluded that they acted, at least in part, as topoisomerase II poisons. Structure-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity analyses (3D-QSAR) were carried out on the aligned structures of the anthrapyrazoles docked into DNA using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index (CoMSIA) analyses in order to determine the structural features responsible for their activity. Both CoMFA and CoMSIA yielded statistically significant models upon partial least-squares analyses. The 3D-QSAR analyses showed that hydrogen-bond donor interactions and electrostatic interactions with the protonated amino side chains of the anthrapyrazoles led to high cell growth inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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14
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Kostakis IK, Pouli N, Marakos P, Skaltsounis AL, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. Design and synthesis of novel amino-substituted xanthenones and benzo[b]xanthenones: Evaluation of their antiproliferative activity and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance toward MES-SA/D×5 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2910-34. [PMID: 16376546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of new xanthenone and benzo[b]xanthenone amino derivatives and their pyrazole-fused counterparts have been designed and synthesized possessing structural analogy to the potent anticancer agent 9-methoxypyrazoloacridine. The synthesis of the compounds proceeds through nucleophilic substitution of 1-chloro-4-nitroxanthenone or the corresponding benzo[b]xanthenone by the appropriately substituted amine or hydrazine, reduction of the nitro group, and conversion into the suitable dialkylaminoacetamides. This method cannot be applied for synthesis of the pyrazole-fused benzo[b]xanthenones, consequently a different, simple, and high-yielding synthetic procedure was developed for the preparation of the target molecules. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of the new derivatives toward the murine leukemia L1210 cell line, human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and human uterine sarcoma (MES-SA and its 100-fold resistant to doxorubicin variant MES-SA/D x 5) cell lines are described and compared to those of reference drugs. The compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines and in addition they retain activity against the multidrug resistant MES-SA/D x 5 subline, showing resistant factors close to 1. A number of derivatives were found to possess DNA binding capacity, according to a standard ethidium bromide displacement assay. The majority of the studied compounds induce a G2/M arrest, although among them some G1 or S blockers have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Kostakis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
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Kolokythas G, Pouli N, Marakos P, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of some new azapyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:71-9. [PMID: 16300857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Some novel aminosubstituted azapyranoxanthenones, bearing structural similarity to the acridone alkaloid acronycine, have been designed and synthesized. Their in vitro cytotoxicities against the murine L1210 leukemia and the human solid tumor HT-29 cell lines have been investigated. Their eventual selective effect on a phase of the cell cycle was evaluated, using HT-29 cells. A number of the new derivatives exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity against the human solid tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kolokythas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
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