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Liu P, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Li J. Mitochondrial targeted modification and anticancer mechanism of natural product ergosterol peroxide. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107688. [PMID: 39106712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Ergosterol peroxide (EP) isolated from the edible medicinal fungus Pleurotus ferulae has a wide range of anti-tumor activity, but poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit further application. In this study, EP was structurally modified using triphenylphosphine (TPP+), which combines mitochondrial targeting, amphiphilicity, and cytotoxicity. A series of TPP+-conjugated ergosterol peroxide derivatives (TEn) with different length linker arms were synthesized. The structure-activity relationship showed that the anticancer activity of TEn gradually decreased with the elongation of the linker arm. The compound TE3 has the optimal and broadest spectrum of antitumor effects. It mainly through targeting mitochondria, inducing ROS production, disrupting mitochondrial function, and activating mitochondria apoptosis pathway to exert anti-cervical cancer activity. Among them, TPP+ only acted as a mitochondrial targeting group, while EP containing peroxide bridge structure served as an active group to induce ROS. In vivo experiments have shown that TE3 has better anti-cervical cancer activity and safety than the first-line anticancer drug cisplatin, and can activate the immune response in mice. Although TE3 exhibits some acute toxicity, it is not significant at therapeutic doses. Therefore, TE3 has the potential for further development as an anti-cervical cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Na X, Li L, Liu D, He J, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Natural products targeting ferroptosis pathways in cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:123. [PMID: 39054952 PMCID: PMC11292301 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis inducers (FIN) have a key role in cancer therapy and provide novel and innovative treatment strategies. Although many researchers have performed FIN screening of synthetic compounds, studies on the identification of FIN from natural products are limited, particularly in the field of drug development and combination therapy. In this review, this gap was addressed by comprehensively summarizing recent studies on ferroptosis. The causes of ferroptosis were categorized into driving and defensive factors, elucidating key pathways and targets. Next, through summarizing research on natural products that induce ferroptosis, the study elaborated in detail on the natural products that have FIN functions. Their discovery and development were also described and insight for clinical drug development was provided. In addition, the mechanisms of action were analyzed and potential combination therapies, resistance reversal and structural enhancements were presented. By highlighting the potential of natural products in inducing ferroptosis for cancer treatment, this review may serve as a reference for utilizing these compounds against cancer. It not only showed the significance of natural products but may also promote further investigation into their therapeutic effects, thus encouraging research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Na
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Yunnan Cancer Hospital (Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Lin X, Lin T, Liu M, Chen D, Chen J. Liensinine diperchlorate and artemisitene synergistically attenuate breast cancer progression through suppressing PI3K-AKT signaling and their efficiency in breast cancer patient-derived organoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116871. [PMID: 38861856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women around the world. Finding new and efficient drugs has become a crucial aspect of BC treatment. Liensinine diperchlorate (LIN) and artemisitene (ATT) are natural compounds with potential anti-cancer activities extracted from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seeds and Artemisia annua, respectively. However, the synergistic anti-breast cancer effectiveness and mechanism of LIN and ATT remain unknown. This study intended to reveal the biological functions and underlying mechanism of combined LIN and ATT treatment in BC. Herein, we first reported that LIN and ATT synergistically mitigated the proliferation, migration as well as invasion of BC cells. Besides, LIN boosted the stimulatory effect of ATT on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in BC cells. Interestingly, LIN and ATT synergistically attenuated the growth of BC patient-derived organoids. Moreover, LIN augmented the inhibitory efficacy of ATT on BC growth in vivo without obvious side effects. Furthermore, the inactivation of PI3K-AKT pathway and its regulated proteins contributed to the therapeutic role of LIN and ATT treatment in BC. Intriguingly, a prediction model constructed as per RNA sequencing data indicated that the combination of LIN and ATT treatment might ameliorate the prognosis of BC patients. In conclusion, our present investigation demonstrated that LIN and ATT synergistically inhibited BC cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion and enhanced ROS-mediated apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K-AKT signaling, and suggested that combining LIN and ATT treatment might be a promising choice for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Tengyu Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
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Son CO, Hong MH, Kim HY, Han BH, Seo CS, Lee HS, Yoon JJ, Kang DG. Sibjotang Protects against Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vitro and In Vivo. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2307. [PMID: 38137908 PMCID: PMC10744393 DOI: 10.3390/life13122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is developed by various diseases such as myocardial infarction, valve diseases, hypertension, and aortic stenosis. Sibjotang (, Shizaotang, SJT), a classic formula in Korean traditional medicine, has been shown to modulate the equilibrium of body fluids and blood pressure. This research study sought to explore the impact and underlying process of Sibjotang on cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in H9c2 cells. In vitro, H9c2 cells were induced by DOX (1 μM) in the presence or absence of SJT (1-5 μg/mL) and incubated for 24 h. In vivo, SJT was administrated to isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice (n = 8) at 100 mg/kg/day concentrations. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that SJT mitigated the enlargement of H9c2 cells caused by DOX in a dose-dependent way. Using SJT as a pretreatment notably suppressed the rise in cardiac hypertrophic marker levels induced by DOX. SJT inhibited the DOX-induced ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, SJT significantly decreased the expression of the hypertrophy-associated transcription factor GATA binding factor 4 (GATA 4) induced by DOX. SJT also decreased hypertrophy-associated calcineurin and NFAT protein levels. Pretreatment with SJT significantly attenuated DOX-induced apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 without affecting cell viability. In addition, the results of the in vivo study indicated that SJT significantly reduced the left ventricle/body weight ratio level. Administration of SJT reduced the expression of hypertrophy markers, such as ANP and BNP. These results suggest that SJT attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure induced by DOX or ISO through the inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT/GATA4 pathway. Therefore, SJT may be a potential treatment for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy that leads to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ok Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Hyeon Hong
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hye-Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Byung-Hyuk Han
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jung-Joo Yoon
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Dae-Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
- College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Lin X, Chen J. Artemisitene: a promising natural drug candidate with various biological activities needs to confirm the interactional targets. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221291. [PMID: 37397487 PMCID: PMC10308078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Rashan LJ, Özenver N, Boulos JC, Dawood M, Roos WP, Franke K, Papasotiriou I, Wessjohann LA, Fiebig HH, Efferth T. Molecular Modes of Action of an Aqueous Nerium oleander Extract in Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041871. [PMID: 36838857 PMCID: PMC9960564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance remains a major obstacle in clinical oncology. As most anticancer drugs are of natural origin, we investigated the anticancer potential of a standardized cold-water leaf extract from Nerium oleander L., termed Breastin. The phytochemical characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed several monoglycosidic cardenolides as major constituents (adynerin, neritaloside, odoroside A, odoroside H, oleandrin, and vanderoside). Breastin inhibited the growth of 14 cell lines from hematopoietic tumors and 5 of 6 carcinomas. Remarkably, the cellular responsiveness of odoroside H and neritaloside was not correlated with all other classical drug resistance mechanisms, i.e., ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, ABCG2), oncogenes (EGFR, RAS), tumor suppressors (TP53, WT1), and others (GSTP1, HSP90, proliferation rate), in 59 tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA), indicating that Breastin may indeed bypass drug resistance. COMPARE analyses with 153 anticancer agents in 74 tumor cell lines of the Oncotest panel revealed frequent correlations of Breastin with mitosis-inhibiting drugs. Using tubulin-GFP-transfected U2OS cells and confocal microscopy, it was found that the microtubule-disturbing effect of Breastin was comparable to that of the tubulin-depolymerizing drug paclitaxel. This result was verified by a tubulin polymerization assay in vitro and molecular docking in silico. Proteome profiling of 3171 proteins in the NCI panel revealed protein subsets whose expression significantly correlated with cellular responsiveness to odoroside H and neritaloside, indicating that protein expression profiles can be identified to predict the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to Breastin constituents. Breastin moderately inhibited breast cancer xenograft tumors in vivo. Remarkably, in contrast to what was observed with paclitaxel monotherapy, the combination of paclitaxel and Breastin prevented tumor relapse, indicating Breastin's potential for drug combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay J. Rashan
- Frankincense Biodiversity Unit, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
- Correspondence: (L.J.R.); (T.E.); Tel.: +968-2323-7357 (L.J.R.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
| | - Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Joelle C. Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- 4HF Biotec GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 12702, Sudan
| | - Wynand P. Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.J.R.); (T.E.); Tel.: +968-2323-7357 (L.J.R.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
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Identification of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers and Druggable Targets among 205 Antioxidant Genes in 21 Different Tumor Types via Data-Mining. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020427. [PMID: 36839749 PMCID: PMC9959161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxidative stress is crucial in carcinogenesis and the response of tumors to treatment. Antioxidant genes are important determinants of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We hypothesized that genes involved in the oxidative stress response may be valuable as prognostic biomarkers for the survival of cancer patients and as druggable targets. (2) Methods: We mined the KM Plotter and TCGA Timer2.0 Cistrome databases and investigated 205 antioxidant genes in 21 different tumor types within the context of this investigation. (3) Results: Of 4347 calculations with Kaplan-Meier statistics, 84 revealed statistically significant correlations between high gene expression and worse overall survival (p < 0.05; false discovery rate ≤ 5%). The tumor types for which antioxidant gene expression was most frequently correlated with worse overall survival were renal clear cell carcinoma, renal papillary cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Seventeen genes were clearly overexpressed in tumors compared to their corresponding normal tissues (p < 0.001), possibly qualifying them as druggable targets (i.e., ALOX5, ALOX5AP, EPHX4, G6PD, GLRX3, GSS, PDIA4, PDIA6, PRDX1, SELENOH, SELENON, STIP1, TXNDC9, TXNDC12, TXNL1, TXNL4A, and TXNRD1). (4) Conclusions: We concluded that a sub-set of antioxidant genes might serve as prognostic biomarkers for overall survival and as druggable targets. Renal and liver tumors may be the most suitable entities for this approach.
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Identification of Gedunin from a Phytochemical Depository as a Novel Multidrug Resistance-Bypassing Tubulin Inhibitor of Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185858. [PMID: 36144591 PMCID: PMC9501561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy of tumors is frequently limited by the development of resistance and severe side effects. Phytochemicals may offer promising candidates to meet the urgent requirement for new anticancer drugs. We screened 69 phytochemicals, and focused on gedunin to analyze its molecular modes of action. Pearson test-base correlation analyses of the log10IC50 values of 55 tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, for gedunin with those of 91 standard anticancer agents revealed statistically significant relationships to all 10 tested microtubule inhibitors. Thus, we hypothesized that gedunin may be a novel microtubule inhibitor. Confocal microscopy, cell cycle measurements, and molecular docking in silico substantiated our assumption. Agglomerative cluster analyses and the heat map generation of proteomic data revealed a subset of 40 out of 3171 proteins, the expression of which significantly correlated with sensitivity or resistance for the NCI cell line panel to gedunin. This indicates the complexity of gedunin’s activity against cancer cells, underscoring the value of network pharmacological techniques for the investigation of the molecular modes of drug action. Finally, we correlated the transcriptome-wide mRNA expression of known drug resistance mechanism (ABC transporter, oncogenes, tumor suppressors) log10IC50 values for gedunin. We did not find significant correlations, indicating that gedunin’s anticancer activity might not be hampered by classical drug resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, gedunin is a novel microtubule-inhibiting drug candidate which is not involved in multidrug resistance mechanisms such as other clinically established mitotic spindle poisons.
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The Potential Mechanisms by which Artemisinin and Its Derivatives Induce Ferroptosis in the Treatment of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1458143. [PMID: 35028002 PMCID: PMC8752222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1458143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is a bioactive molecule derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua (Asteraceae). ART and artemisinin derivatives (ARTs) have been effectively used for antimalaria treatment. The structure of ART is composed of a sesquiterpene lactone, including a peroxide internal bridge that is essential for its activity. In addition to their well-known antimalarial effects, ARTs have been shown recently to resist a wide range of tumors. The antineoplastic mechanisms of ART mainly include cell cycle inhibition, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, DNA damage, and ferroptosis. In particular, ferroptosis is a novel nonapoptotic type of programmed cell death. However, the antitumor mechanisms of ARTs by regulating ferroptosis remain unclear. Through this review, we focus on the potential antitumor function of ARTs by acting on ferroptosis, including the regulation of iron metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). This article systematically reviews the recent progress in ferroptosis research and provides a basis for ARTs as an anticancer drug in clinical practice.
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Meng Y, Ma N, Lyu H, Wong YK, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Gao P, Sun P, Song Y, Lin L, Wang J. Recent pharmacological advances in the repurposing of artemisinin drugs. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3156-3181. [PMID: 34148245 DOI: 10.1002/med.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinins are a family of sesquiterpene lactones originally derived from the sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua). Beyond their well-characterized role as frontline antimalarial drugs, artemisinins have also received increased attention for other potential pharmaceutical effects, which include antiviral, antiparsitic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. With concerted efforts in further preclinical and clinical studies, artemisinin-based drugs have the potential to be viable treatments for a great variety of human diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive update on recent reports of pharmacological actions and applications of artemisinins outside of their better-known antimalarial role and highlight their potential therapeutic viability for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Meng
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Lyu
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xing Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal And Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Kiani BH, Kayani WK, Khayam AU, Dilshad E, Ismail H, Mirza B. Artemisinin and its derivatives: a promising cancer therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6321-6336. [PMID: 32710388 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The world is experiencing a cancer epidemic and an increase in the prevalence of the disease. Cancer remains a major killer, accounting for more than half a million deaths annually. There is a wide range of natural products that have the potential to treat this disease. One of these products is artemisinin; a natural product from Artemisia plant. The Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded in 2015 for the discovery of artemisinin in recognition of the drug's efficacy. Artemisinin produces highly reactive free radicals by the breakdown of two oxygen atoms that kill cancerous cells. These cells sequester iron and accumulate as much as 1000 times in comparison with normal cells. Generally, chemotherapy is toxic to both cancerous cells and normal cells, while no significant cytotoxicity from artemisinin to normal cells has been found in more than 4000 case studies, which makes it far different than conventional chemotherapy. The pleiotropic response of artemisinin in cancer cells is responsible for growth inhibition by multiple ways including inhibition of angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, disruption of cell migration, and modulation of nuclear receptor responsiveness. It is very encouraging that artemisinin and its derivatives are anticipated to be a novel class of broad-spectrum antitumor agents based on efficacy and safety. This review aims to highlight these achievements and propose potential strategies to develop artemisinin and its derivatives as a new class of cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Hafeez Kiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Waqas Khan Kayani
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Asma Umer Khayam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Lalarizo Rakoto M, Marodon C, Bedoui Y, Nakab J, Simon E, Hoarau L, Savriama S, Strasberg D, Guiraud P, Selambarom J, Gasque P. Artemisia annua, a Traditional Plant Brought to Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4986. [PMID: 32679734 PMCID: PMC7404215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional remedies have been used for thousand years for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, particularly in developing countries. Of growing interest, the plant Artemisia annua, known for its malarial properties, has been studied for its numerous biological activities including metabolic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. Artemisia annua is very rich in secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds, of which the biological properties have been extensively studied. The purpose of this review is to gather and describe the data concerning the main chemical components produced by Artemisia annua and to describe the state of the art about the biological activities reported for this plant and its compounds beyond malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France; (P.G.); (J.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Mahary Lalarizo Rakoto
- Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Antananarivo, Campus Universitaire Ambohitsaina, BP 375, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
| | - Claude Marodon
- APLAMEDOM Réunion, 1, rue Emile Hugot, Batiment B, Parc Technologique de Saint Denis, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (C.M.); (J.N.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Yosra Bedoui
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Jessica Nakab
- APLAMEDOM Réunion, 1, rue Emile Hugot, Batiment B, Parc Technologique de Saint Denis, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (C.M.); (J.N.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Elisabeth Simon
- APLAMEDOM Réunion, 1, rue Emile Hugot, Batiment B, Parc Technologique de Saint Denis, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (C.M.); (J.N.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Ludovic Hoarau
- APLAMEDOM Réunion, 1, rue Emile Hugot, Batiment B, Parc Technologique de Saint Denis, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (C.M.); (J.N.); (E.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Stephane Savriama
- EA929 Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine/Géographie-Développement Environnement de la Caraïbe (AIHP-GEODE), Université des Antilles, Campus Schoelcher, BP7207, 97275 Schoelcher Cedex Martinique, France;
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l’IRAT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France;
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France; (P.G.); (J.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Jimmy Selambarom
- Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France; (P.G.); (J.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), Université de La Réunion, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France; (P.G.); (J.S.); (P.G.)
- Laboratoire d’immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l’océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
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Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Quirgst J, Walter M, De Sarkar S, Machín L, Monzote L, Stolze K, Catharina Duvigneau J, Staniek K, Chatterjee M, Gille L. Activation of artemisinin and heme degradation in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes: A possible link. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113737. [PMID: 31786259 PMCID: PMC7116464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoperoxides (EPs) appear to be promising drug candidates against protozoal diseases, including malaria and leishmaniasis. Previous studies have shown that these drugs need an intracellular activation to exert their pharmacological potential. The efficiency of these drugs is linked to the extensive iron demand of these intracellular protozoal parasites. An essential step of the activation mechanism of these drugs is the formation of radicals in Leishmania. Iron is a known trigger for intracellular radical formation. However, the activation of EPs by low molecular iron or by heme iron may strongly depend on the structure of the EPs themselves. In this study, we focused on the activation of artemisinin (Art) in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) in comparison to reference compounds. Viability assays in different media in the presence of different iron sources (hemin/fetal calf serum) showed that IC50 values of Art in LtP were modulated by assay conditions, but overall were within the low micromolar range. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of LtP showed that Art shifted the redox state of the labile iron pool less than the EP ascaridole questioning its role as a major activator of Art in LtP. Based on the high reactivity of Art with hemin in previous biomimetic experiments, we focused on putative heme-metabolizing enzymes in Leishmania, which were so far not well described. Inhibitors of mammalian heme oxygenase (HO; tin and chromium mesoporphyrin) acted antagonistically to Art in LtP and boosted its IC50 value for several magnitudes. By inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) we showed that these inhibitors do not block iron (heme) accumulation, but are taken up and act within LtP. These inhibitors blocked the conversion of hemin to bilirubin in LtP homogenates, suggesting that an HO-like enzyme activity in LtP exists. NADPH-dependent degradation of Art and hemin was highest in the small granule and microsomal fractions of LtP. Photometric measurements in the model Art/hemin demonstrated that hemin requires reduction to heme and that subsequently an Art/heme complex (λmax 474 nm) is formed. EPR spin-trapping in the system Art/hemin revealed that NADPH, ascorbate and cysteine are suitable reductants and finally activate Art to acyl-carbon centered radicals. These findings suggest that heme is a major activator of Art in LtP either via HO-like enzyme activities and/or chemical interaction of heme with Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Geroldinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tonner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Quirgst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Laura Machín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Huang Y, Shao Y, Zhu Y. Sustained reactive oxygen species generation from percarbamide nanomedicine via a mechanism of X-Ray-initiated free radical chain reactions. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:728-738. [PMID: 31411100 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219868851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Shao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Dawood M, Ooko E, Efferth T. Collateral Sensitivity of Parthenolide via NF-κB and HIF-α Inhibition and Epigenetic Changes in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 31164821 PMCID: PMC6536578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide (PT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. In this study, PT showed varying cytotoxic effects against different solid tumor cell lines. HCT116 (p53+/+) colon carcinoma cells and their parental HCT116 knockout p53 (p53-/-) cell lines showed a resistance degree of 2.36. On the other hand, wild-type U87.MG cells or cells transfected with a deletion-activated EGFR cDNA (U87.MGΔEGFR) exhibited slight sensitivity toward PT. Multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells were even more sensitive toward PT than sensitive MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells with a resistance degree of 0.07 (collateral sensitivity). To the best of our knowledge, hypersensitivity (collateral sensitivity) in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cell line is reported in this study for the first time. We attempted to identify the mechanism of collateral sensitivity. Firstly, we found that PT bound to IKK preventing IκBα degradation and eventually inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Down-regulation of hypoxia inducing factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in MDA-MB-231-BCRP resistant cells may be a second mechanism, since it is a target gene of NF-κB. Moreover, PT also showed epigenetic effect by inhibition of HDAC activity as shown using both molecular docking and HDAC activity assay. Based on COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses, we found gene expression profiles that predicted sensitivity or resistance of 47 tumor cell lines toward PT. Interestingly, pathway analyses of gene expression profiles revealed NF-κB and HIF signaling as top networks of these genes, cellular functions and canonical pathways influencing the activity of PT against tumor cells. In conclusion, PT exerted profound cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines mainly against BCRP-overexpressing tumor cells, suggesting PT as novel candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Synthesis of novel ring-contracted artemisinin dimers with potent anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:829-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Ye J, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhai L, Wang K, Xiao M, Xie T, Sui X. Non-apoptotic cell death in malignant tumor cells and natural compounds. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:210-227. [PMID: 29410006 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy is mainly targeting on enhancing cell apoptosis, however, it is well established that many cancer cells are chemo-resistant and defective in apoptosis induction. Therefore, it may have important therapeutic implications to exploit some novel natural compounds based on non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Currently, accumulating evidence shows that the compounds from nature source can induce non-apoptotic programmed cell death in cancer cells, and therefore these natural compounds have gained a great promise for the future anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we will concentrate our efforts on the latest developments regarding major forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death--autophagic cell death, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, glutamoptosis and exosome-associated cell death. Our increased understanding of the role of natural compounds in regulating non-apoptotic programmed cell death will hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Des Moines Medical School, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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From ancient herb to modern drug: Artemisia annua and artemisinin for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:65-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Carey MA, Papin JA, Guler JL. Novel Plasmodium falciparum metabolic network reconstruction identifies shifts associated with clinical antimalarial resistance. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:543. [PMID: 28724354 PMCID: PMC5518114 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a major public health burden and resistance has emerged to every antimalarial on the market, including the frontline drug, artemisinin. Our limited understanding of Plasmodium biology hinders the elucidation of resistance mechanisms. In this regard, systems biology approaches can facilitate the integration of existing experimental knowledge and further understanding of these mechanisms. Results Here, we developed a novel genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction, iPfal17, of the asexual blood-stage P. falciparum parasite to expand our understanding of metabolic changes that support resistance. We identified 11 metabolic tasks to evaluate iPfal17 performance. Flux balance analysis and simulation of gene knockouts and enzyme inhibition predict candidate drug targets unique to resistant parasites. Moreover, integration of clinical parasite transcriptomes into the iPfal17 reconstruction reveals patterns associated with antimalarial resistance. These results predict that artemisinin sensitive and resistant parasites differentially utilize scavenging and biosynthetic pathways for multiple essential metabolites, including folate and polyamines. Our findings are consistent with experimental literature, while generating novel hypotheses about artemisinin resistance and parasite biology. We detect evidence that resistant parasites maintain greater metabolic flexibility, perhaps representing an incomplete transition to the metabolic state most appropriate for nutrient-rich blood. Conclusion Using this systems biology approach, we identify metabolic shifts that arise with or in support of the resistant phenotype. This perspective allows us to more productively analyze and interpret clinical expression data for the identification of candidate drug targets for the treatment of resistant parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3905-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Carey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Guler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new artemisinin hybrid molecules against human leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3357-3367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Artemisinin-loaded niosome and pegylated niosome: physico-chemical characterization and effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Fröhlich T, Ndreshkjana B, Muenzner JK, Reiter C, Hofmeister E, Mederer S, Fatfat M, El-Baba C, Gali-Muhtasib H, Schneider-Stock R, Tsogoeva SB. Synthesis of Novel Hybrids of Thymoquinone and Artemisinin with High Activity and Selectivity Against Colon Cancer. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:226-234. [PMID: 27973725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer causes 0.5 million deaths each year. To combat this type of cancer the development of new specific drug candidates is urgently needed. In the present work seven novel thymoquinone-artemisinin hybrids with different linkers were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of various tumor cell lines. The thymoquinone-artesunic acid hybrid 7 a, in which both subunits are connected via an ester bond, was found to be the most active compound and selectively decreased the viability of colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 value of 2.4 μm (HCT116) and 2.8 μm (HT29). Remarkably, hybrid 7 a was up to 20-fold more active than its parent compounds (thymoquinone and artesunic acid), while not affecting nonmalignant colon epithelial HCEC cells (IC50 >100 μm). Moreover, the activity of hybrid 7 a was superior to that of various 1:1 mixtures of thymoquinone and artesunic acid. Furthermore, hybrid 7 a was even more potent against both colon cancer cell lines than the clinically used drug 5-fluorouracil. These results are another excellent proof of the hybridization concept and confirm that the type and length of the linker play a crucial role for the biological activity of a hybrid drug. Besides an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated levels of the DNA-damage marker γ-H2AX were observed. Both effects seem to be involved in the molecular mechanism of action for hybrid 7 a in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benardina Ndreshkjana
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hofmeister
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Mederer
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Science, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Artesunate on Stroke and Other Central Nervous System Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1489050. [PMID: 28116289 PMCID: PMC5223005 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1489050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Artesunate is an important agent for cerebral malaria and all kinds of other severe malaria because it is highly efficient, lowly toxic, and well-tolerated. Loads of research pointed out that it had widespread pharmacological activities such as antiparasites, antitumor, anti-inflammation, antimicrobes activities. As we know, the occurrence and development of neurological disorders usually refer to intricate pathophysiologic mechanisms and multiple etiopathogenesis. Recent progress has also demonstrated that drugs with single mechanism and serious side-effects are not likely the candidates for treatment of the neurological disorders. Therefore, the pluripotent action of artesunate may result in it playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of these neurological disorders. This review provides an overview of primary pharmacological mechanism of artesunate and its potential therapeutic effects on neurological disorders. Meanwhile, we also briefly summarize the primary mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives. We hope that, with the evidence presented in this review, the effect of artesunate in prevention and curing for neurological disorders can be further explored and studied in the foreseeable future.
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Fröhlich T, Çapcı Karagöz A, Reiter C, Tsogoeva SB. Artemisinin-Derived Dimers: Potent Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7360-88. [PMID: 27010926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new efficient therapeutics for the treatment of malaria and cancer is an important endeavor. Over the past 15 years, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of dimeric structures, which combine two units of artemisinin, as lead compounds of interest. A wide variety of atemisinin-derived dimers containing different linkers demonstrate improved properties compared to their parent compounds (e.g., circumventing multidrug resistance), making the dimerization concept highly compelling for development of efficient antimalarial and anticancer drugs. The present Perspective highlights recent developments on different types of artemisinin-derived dimers and their structural and functional features. Particular emphasis is put on the respective in vitro and in vivo studies, exploring the role of the length and nature of linkers on the activities of the dimers, and considering the future prospects of the dimerization concept for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aysun Çapcı Karagöz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Leto I, Coronnello M, Righeschi C, Bergonzi MC, Mini E, Bilia AR. Enhanced Efficacy of Artemisinin Loaded in Transferrin-Conjugated Liposomes versus Stealth Liposomes against HCT-8 Colon Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1745-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Leto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Department of Health Sciences; Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section; University of Florence; viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Chiara Righeschi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences; Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section; University of Florence; viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
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Xu CC, Deng T, Fan ML, Lv WB, Liu JH, Yu BY. Synthesis and in vitro antitumor evaluation of dihydroartemisinin-cinnamic acid ester derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 107:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okorji UP, Velagapudi R, El-Bakoush A, Fiebich BL, Olajide OA. Antimalarial Drug Artemether Inhibits Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglia Through Nrf2-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6426-6443. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ooko E, Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Sarvi S, Colak M, Elmasaoudi K, Janah R, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Artemisinin derivatives induce iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) in tumor cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1045-54. [PMID: 26407947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and other forms of cell death have been intensively investigated in the past years to explain the mode of action of synthetic anticancer drugs and natural products. Recently, a new form of cell death emerged, which was termed ferroptosis, because it depends on intracellular iron. Here, the role of genes involved in iron metabolism and homeostasis for the cytotoxicity of ten artemisinin derivatives have been systematically investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Log10IC50 values of 10 artemisinin derivatives (artesunate, artemether, arteether, artenimol, artemisitene, arteanuin B, another monomeric artemisinin derivative and three artemisinin dimer molecules) were correlated to the microarray-based mRNA expression of 30 iron-related genes in 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) as determined in 218 different microarray hybridization experiments. The effect of desferoxamine and ferrostatin-1 on the cytotoxicity of artenimol of CCRF-CEM cells was determined by resazurin assays. The mRNA expression of TFRC was exemplarily validated by immunohistochemical detection of transferrin receptor protein expression. RESULTS The mRNA expression of 20 genes represented by 59 different cDNA clones significantly correlated to the log10IC50 values for the artemisinins, including genes encoding transferrin (TF), transferrin receptors 1 and 2 (TFRC, TFR2), cerulopasmin (CP), lactoferrin (LTF) and others. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine led to a significantly reduced cytotoxicity of artenimol, indicating ferroptosis as cell death mode. CONCLUSION The numerous iron-related genes, whose expression correlated with the response to artemisinin derivatives speak in factor for the relevance of iron for the cytotoxic activity of these compounds. Treatment with ferroptosis-inducing agents such as artemisinin derivatives represents an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Pre-therapeutic determination of iron-related genes may indicate tumor sensitivity to artemisinins. Ferroptosis induced by artemisinin-type drugs deserve further investigation for individualized tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shabnam Sarvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Merve Colak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaoutar Elmasaoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rabab Janah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhang X, Ba Q, Gu Z, Guo D, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Ye D, Liu H. Fluorescent Coumarin-Artemisinin Conjugates as Mitochondria-Targeting Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Anticancer Activities. Chemistry 2015; 21:17415-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Neumann J, Yang Y, Köhler R, Giaisi M, Witzens-Harig M, Liu D, Krammer PH, Lin W, Li-Weber M. Mangrove dolabrane-type of diterpenes tagalsins suppresses tumor growth via ROS-mediated apoptosis and ATM/ATR-Chk1/Chk2-regulated cell cycle arrest. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2739-48. [PMID: 26061604 PMCID: PMC4755134 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds are an important source for drug development. With an increasing cancer rate worldwide there is an urgent quest for new anti‐cancer drugs. In this study, we show that a group of dolabrane‐type of diterpenes, collectively named tagalsins, isolated from the Chinese mangrove genus Ceriops has potent cytotoxicity on a panel of hematologic cancer cells. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which tagalsins kill malignant cells revealed that it induces a ROS‐mediated damage of DNA. This event leads to apoptosis induction and blockage of cell cycle progression at S‐G2 phase via activation of the ATM/ATR—Chk1/Chk2 check point pathway. We further show that tagalsins suppress growth of human T‐cell leukemia xenografts in vivo. Tagalsins show only minor toxicity on healthy cells and are well tolerated by mice. Our study shows a therapeutic potential of tagalsins for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and a new source of anticancer drugs. What's new? Mangroves of genus Ceriops, widespread and highly utilized in China, are of growing interest in anticancer drug development due to their production of potentially cytotoxic diterpenoids and triterpenoids. Here, a group dolabrane‐type diterpenes known as tagalsins isolated from the species C. tagal are shown to possess potent killing effects on cancer cells of hematologic origin. Cell death was associated with the production of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. In vivo, tagalsins significantly delayed the development of human T‐cell leukemia in a murine xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Neumann
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rebecca Köhler
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giaisi
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Witzens-Harig
- Medizinische Klinik V Hämatologie, Onkologie und Rheumatologie, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li-Weber
- Tumorimmunology Program (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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New efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hargraves KG, He L, Firestone GL. Phytochemical regulation of the tumor suppressive microRNA, miR-34a, by p53-dependent and independent responses in human breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:486-98. [PMID: 25789847 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive microRNA miR-34a is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation as well as being a marker of increased disease free survival. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) derived from cruciferous vegetables, artemisinin, extracted from the sweet wormwood plant, and artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, are phytochemicals with anti-tumorigenic properties however, little is known about the role of microRNAs in their mechanism of action. Human breast cancer cells expressing wild-type (MCF-7) or mutant p53 (T47D) were treated with a concentration range and time course of each phytochemical under conditions of cell cycle arrest as detected by flow cytometry to examine the potential connection between miR-34a expression and their anti-proliferative responses. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis of extracted RNA and total protein revealed artemsinin and artesunate increased miR-34a expression in a dose-dependent manner correlating with down-regulation of the miR-34a target gene, CDK4. I3C stimulation of miR-34a expression required functional p53, whereas, both artemisinin and artesunate up-regulated miR-34a expression regardless of p53 mutational status or in the presence of dominant negative p53. Phytochemical treatments inhibited the luciferase activity of a construct containing the wild-type 3'UTR of CDK4, but not those with a mutated miR-34a binding site, whereas, transfection of miR-34a inhibitors ablated the phytochemical mediated down-regulation of CDK4 and induction of cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that miR-34a is an essential component of the anti-proliferative activities of I3C, artemisinin, and artesunate and demonstrate that both wild-type p53 dependent and independent pathways are responsible for miR-34a induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris G Hargraves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Gary L Firestone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Mossallam SF, Amer EI, El-Faham MH. Efficacy of Synriam™, a new antimalarial combination of OZ277 and piperaquine, against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2015; 143:36-46. [PMID: 25530543 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Control of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Given the rising concerns about the potential emergence of PZQ-resistant strains, it has now become necessary to search for novel therapeutics. However, the current pace for anti-schistosomal drug discovery is slow; hence, repositioning of existing approved drugs can offer a safe, rapid and cost-effective solution. The anti-malarial synthetic artemisinin-derivatives trioxolanes demonstrated anti-schistosomal efficacies against the three major species infecting humans and, unlike PZQ, showed activities against both juvenile and adult worm stages. The 1,2,4-trioxolane/OZ277 (arterolane maleate) in combination with a partner drug: piperaquine phosphate was recently developed as an anti-malarial drug and manufactured by Ranbaxy (India) as Synriam™ (SYN). Herein, the in vivo activities of SYN were investigated in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), compared to PZQ. We show that a single fixed dose of 240mg/kg SYN (40mg/kg arterolane and 200mg/kg piperaqine) induced significant protective effects in mice, in terms of reduction in worm and tissue egg burdens, which were evident against all schistosome developmental stages. Extensive alterations in the tegument and subtegumental tissues of SYN-exposed worms were revealed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Progressive decrease in worm activity and occurrence of death were noticed in vitro upon exposure to the drug - more pronounced in the presence of haemin. This report provides the first evidence of the efficacy of a combination of 1,2,4-trioxolane and piperaquine against S. mansoni in mice. Being effective against young stages, SYN could be used to prevent early Schistosoma infection.
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Xiao Y, Wang X, Yang S, Liu Q. Chemical compositions and antiproliferation activities of the chloroform fraction from Pyropolyporus fomentarius in K562 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:732-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114558888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyropolyporus fomentarius, a fungus of the polyporaceae family, has been used in the treatment of various diseases, such as gastroenteric disorder, hepatocirrhosis, oral ulcer, inflammation, and several cancers. This study was conducted to investigate the compositions and cell growth inhibition effects of P. fomentarius chloroform (CHCl3) fraction and to clarify the possible mechanisms. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was performed to investigate the composition of the P. fomentarius CHCl3 fraction. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell membrane damage was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope and flow cytometry following propidium iodide and bis-(1,3-dibarbituric acid)-trimethine oxanol staining. Apoptosis was analyzed using annexin V-PE/7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining. Generation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ ψm) were detected by flow cytometry using fluo 3-acetoxymethyl ester, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate, and rhodamine 123. Our obtained data indicate that P. fomentarius CHCl3 fraction could inhibit proliferation of K562 cells depending on both the dosage and the incubation time, cause cell membrane damage, influence intracellular [Ca2+]i variation, promote the yield of ROS, decrease the level of Δψm, and initiate the apoptotic response in K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Q Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Suberu JO, Romero-Canelón I, Sullivan N, Lapkin AA, Barker GC. Comparative cytotoxicity of artemisinin and cisplatin and their interactions with chlorogenic acids in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2791-7. [PMID: 25209896 PMCID: PMC4506560 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In parts of Africa and Asia, self-medication with a hot water infusion of Artemisia annua (Artemisia tea) is a common practice for a number of ailments including malaria and cancer. In our earlier work, such an extract showed better potency than artemisinin alone against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasites. In this study, in vitro tests of the infusion in MCF7 cells showed high IC50 values (>200 μm). The combination of artemisinin and 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3CA), two major components in the extract, was strongly antagonistic and gave a near total loss of cytotoxicity for artemisinin. We observed that the interaction of 3CAs with another cytotoxic compound, cisplatin, showed potentiation of activity by 2.5-fold. The chelation of cellular iron by 3CA is hypothesized as a possible explanation for the loss of artemisinin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Suberu
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of CambridgeCB2 3RA (UK)
| | | | - Neil Sullivan
- SensaPharm Ltd., 123i Bioscience CentreSunderland, SR5 2TA (UK)
| | - Alexei A Lapkin
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of CambridgeCB2 3RA (UK)
| | - Guy C Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCV4 7AL (UK) E-mail:
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36
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao X, Ren T, Wang F, Yu B. Enhanced delivery of artemisinin and its analogues to cancer cells by their adducts with human serum transferrin. Int J Pharm 2014; 467:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Breuer E, Efferth T. Treatment of Iron-Loaded Veterinary Sarcoma by Artemisia annua. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:113-8. [PMID: 24859473 PMCID: PMC4004853 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin, a constituent of Artemisia annua L., is a well-known antimalarial drug. Artemisinin-type drugs also inhibit cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Herbal extracts of A. annua inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines. Here, we report on the use of capsules containing powder of Herba Artemisiae annuae to treat pet sarcoma. The surgical tumor removal as standard treatment was supplemented by adjuvant therapy with A. annua. One cat and one dog with fibrosarcoma survived 40 and 37 months, respectively, without tumor relapse. Two other dogs suffering from fibrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma also showed complete remission and are still alive after 39 and 26 months, respectively. A. annua was well tolerated without noticeable side effects. These four cases indicate that A. annua may be a promising herbal drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Breuer
- Veterinary Clinic for Pets, Müllheim/Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Synthesis and study of cytotoxic activity of 1,2,4-trioxane- and egonol-derived hybrid molecules against Plasmodium falciparum and multidrug-resistant human leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:403-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the International Initiative for Accelerated Improvement of Glioblastoma Care. Oncotarget 2013; 4:502-30. [PMID: 23594434 PMCID: PMC3720600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma we developed a treatment protocol based on a combination of drugs not traditionally thought of as cytotoxic chemotherapy agents but that have a robust history of being well-tolerated and are already marketed and used for other non-cancer indications. Focus was on adding drugs which met these criteria: a) were pharmacologically well characterized, b) had low likelihood of adding to patient side effect burden, c) had evidence for interfering with a recognized, well-characterized growth promoting element of glioblastoma, and d) were coordinated, as an ensemble had reasonable likelihood of concerted activity against key biological features of glioblastoma growth. We found nine drugs meeting these criteria and propose adding them to continuous low dose temozolomide, a currently accepted treatment for relapsed glioblastoma, in patients with recurrent disease after primary treatment with the Stupp Protocol. The nine adjuvant drug regimen, Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths, CUSP9, then are aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, copper gluconate, disulfiram, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, sertraline, to be added to continuous low dose temozolomide. We discuss each drug in turn and the specific rationale for use- how each drug is expected to retard glioblastoma growth and undermine glioblastoma's compensatory mechanisms engaged during temozolomide treatment. The risks of pharmacological interactions and why we believe this drug mix will increase both quality of life and overall survival are reviewed.
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Antiangiogenic activity and pharmacogenomics of medicinal plants from traditional korean medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:131306. [PMID: 23970927 PMCID: PMC3736538 DOI: 10.1155/2013/131306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic properties of 59 plants used in traditional Korean medicine. Selected phytochemicals were investigated in more detail for their modes of action. Methods. A modified chicken-chorioallantoic-membrane (CAM) assay using quail eggs was applied to test for antiangiogenic effects of plant extracts. A molecular docking in silico approached the binding of plant constituents to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1, VEGFR2). Microarray-based mRNA expression profiling was employed to correlate the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) of a panel of 60 NCI cell lines to these phytochemicals. Results. Extracts from Acer mono leaves, Reynoutria sachalniensis fruits, Cinnamomum japonicum stems, Eurya japonica leaves, Adenophora racemosa whole plant, Caryopteris incana leaves-stems, and Schisandra chinensis stems inhibited angiogenesis more than 50% in quail eggs. Selected phytochemicals from Korean plants were analyzed in more detail using microarray-based mRNA expression profiles and molecular docking to VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. These results indicate multifactorial modes of action of these natural products. Conclusion. The antiangiogenic activity of plants used in traditional Korean medicine implicates their possible application for diseases where inhibition of blood vessel formation is desired, for example, cancer, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and others.
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La Pensée L, Sabbani S, Sharma R, Bhamra I, Shore E, Chadwick AE, Berry NG, Firman J, Araujo NC, Cabral L, Cristiano MLS, Bateman C, Janneh O, Gavrila A, Wu YH, Hussain A, Ward SA, Stocks PA, Cosstick R, O'Neill PM. Artemisinin-polypyrrole conjugates: synthesis, DNA binding studies and preliminary antiproliferative evaluation. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:709-18. [PMID: 23495190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Greater than the sum of its parts: Artemisinins are currently in phase I-II clinical trials against breast, colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancers. In an attempt to offer increased specificity, a series of hybrid artemisinin-polypyrrole minor groove binder conjugates are described. DNA binding/modelling studies and preliminary biological evaluation give insights into their mechanism of action and the potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise La Pensée
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Artesunate induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and iron-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:606-13. [PMID: 22421370 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328350e8ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of artesunate (ART) have been well documented. However, its potential against skin cancer has not been explored yet. Herein we reported that 60 μmol/l ART effectively inhibited A431 (human epidermoid carcinoma cells) growth but not that of HaCaT (normal human keratinocyte cells). Our results revealed that ART induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through the downregulation of cyclin A1, cyclin B, cyclin D1, Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6. This correlated with the upregulation of p21 and p27. The 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay also indicated that ART treatment reduced DNA synthesis in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, ART induced mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and western blot analysis. Interestingly, ART-induced apoptosis diminished under iron-deficient conditions but intensified under iron-overload conditions. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the potential of ART in treating skin cancer through the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and iron-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and supported further investigations in other test systems.
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Development of artemisinin compounds for cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:230-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roth WJ, Lindley DJ, Carl SM, Knipp GT. The effects of intralaboratory modifications to media composition and cell source on the expression of pharmaceutically relevant transporters and metabolizing genes in the Caco-2 cell line. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3962-78. [PMID: 22786684 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Expression and function of drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in the gastrointestinal tract are critical attributes of intestinal physiology that influence the absorption of orally administered compounds. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of media composition and cell source on mRNA expression and function of pharmaceutically relevant drug transporters and DMEs from two different sources of Caco-2 cells. Briefly, cells were cultured in either minimum essential medium alpha or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Total RNA was isolated from each experimental group, and mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction arrays. Principal component analysis was used to analyze results, which indicated variable transporter and metabolic expression attributable to differences in media composition and cell source. In addition, transport properties of paracellular markers and proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter-mediated substrates across Caco-2 cell monolayers were assessed. Transport experiments demonstrated significant differences in both paracellular and transcellular permeation resultant from differences in media composition and cell source. These studies support previous findings that media composition and cell source may significantly impact expressional and functional characteristics of Caco-2 cells. Standardization of culture-related methodology may reduce variability associated with Caco-2 cells, enabling more meaningful intralaboratory and interlaboratory data comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt J Roth
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2091, USA
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45
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A radiosensitizing effect of artesunate in glioblastoma cells is associated with a diminished expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin. Radiother Oncol 2012; 103:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Steglich B, Mahringer A, Li Y, Posner GH, Fricker G, Efferth T. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by two artemisinin derivatives. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:59-64. [PMCID: PMC4131583 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein/MDR1 represents an important component of the blood brain barrier and contributes to multidrug resistance. We investigated two derivatives of the anti-malarial artemisinin, SM616 and GHP-AJM-3/23, concerning their ability to interact with P-glycoprotein. The ability of the two compounds to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity was examined in sensitive CCRF-CEM and P-gp over-expressing and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells as well as in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCEC) by means of calcein-AM assays. Verapamil as well-known P-gp inhibitor was used as control drug. CEM/ADR5000 cells exhibited cross-resistance to GHP-AJM-3/23, but slight collateral sensitivity to SM616. Furthermore, SM616 inhibited calcein efflux both in CEM/ADR5000 and PBCEC, whereas GHP-AJM-3/23 did only increase calcein fluorescence in PBCEC, but not CEM/ADR5000. This may be explained by the fact that CEM/ADR5000 only express P-gp but not other ATP-binding cassette transporters, whereas PBCEC are known to express several ABC transporters and calcein is transported by more than one ABC transporter. Hence, SM616 may be the more specific P-gp inhibitor. In conclusion, the collateral sensitivity of SM616 as well as the inhibition of calcein efflux in both CEM/ADR5000 cells and PBCEC indicate that this compound may be a promising P-gp inhibitor to treat cancer therapy and to overcome the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Steglich
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 551 Mainz, Germany
- />Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Karl Ruprecht University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Mahringer
- />Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Karl Ruprecht University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ying Li
- />Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gary H. Posner
- />Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gert Fricker
- />Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Karl Ruprecht University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 551 Mainz, Germany
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Zhao Y, Jiang W, Li B, Yao Q, Dong J, Cen Y, Pan X, Li J, Zheng J, Pang X, Zhou H. Artesunate enhances radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via increasing NO production to induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2039-46. [PMID: 21907831 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to radiation is the major reason for radiotherapy failure of this kind cancer. Currently, there is no effective radiosensitizer in clinical use. Artemisinin and its derivates enhance radiotherapeutic effect in some kinds of tumors; however, whether artemisinin and its derivates can enhance the radiosensitivity of NSCLC remains unknown. Therefore, in the present experiments, artemisinin and its derivatives were firstly screened for their radiosensitization on NSCLC A549 (A549) cells and then the possible mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that artesunate enhance radiosensitivity of A549 cells in vitro among artemisinin and its derivatives, and artesunate combined with local radiotherapy retarded the tumor growth in nude tumor xenografts; the inhibition produced by 30 mg/kg of artesunate was 74.6%. The results on the possible mechanisms showed artesunate increased the NO level within irradiated A549 cells. Artesunate didn't induce apoptosis of irradiated cells but induced G(2)/M arrest. The induced G(2)/M arrest was related to down-regulated cyclin B1 mRNA expression. Taken together, artesunate exhibited potent radiosensitivity against human A549 cells in vitro and in vivo, probably via NO signal transduction pathway to induce cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M phase. Therefore, artesunate should be further investigated as a radiosensitizer in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Mota TC, Cardoso PCS, Gomes LM, Vieira PCM, Corrêa RMS, Santana PDPB, Miranda MS, Burbano RMR, Bahia MO. In vitro evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of artesunate, an antimalarial drug, in human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:590-594. [PMID: 21728186 DOI: 10.1002/em.20659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Artesunate is one of the main antimalarial drugs used in several countries. It is a semisynthetic compound derived from artemisinin, a substance extracted from the Chinese plant, Artemisia annua L. Despite the widespread use of artesunate as an antimalarial drug, there is a lack of data regarding its genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Therefore, in this study, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of artesunate in cultured human lymphocytes. In addition, cell death by necrosis and apoptosis was also assessed. Cells exposed to different concentrations of artesunate showed a significant concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in DNA damage index and micronuclei frequency. A significant increase in the frequency of apoptotic and necrotic cells was also observed. Our results showed that artesunate is a genotoxic and cytotoxic compound in cultured human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C Mota
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém - Pará - Brazil
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van den Boorn JG, Melief CJ, Luiten RM. Monobenzone-induced depigmentation: from enzymatic blockade to autoimmunity. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:673-9. [PMID: 21689385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune side-effects such as vitiligo regularly occur during melanoma immunotherapy. As vitiligo development is associated with a superior prognosis, the active induction of vitiligo in melanoma patients can be a useful tactic. The potent skin-depigmenting agent monobenzone can be used successfully for this purpose. However, until recently, the mechanism of action behind monobenzone-induced skin depigmentation was unclear. Lately, the mechanistic basis for the augmented immunogenicity of monobenzone-exposed pigmented cells has been unveiled, and their active role in the induction of autoimmune T-cell-mediated vitiligo has become apparent. Here, we provide an immunological framework in which we condense this knowledge to an integrated theory of the generation of monobenzone-induced vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper G van den Boorn
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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50
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van den Boorn JG, Picavet DI, van Swieten PF, van Veen HA, Konijnenberg D, van Veelen PA, van Capel T, de Jong EC, Reits EA, Drijfhout JW, Bos JD, Melief CJ, Luiten RM. Skin-Depigmenting Agent Monobenzone Induces Potent T-Cell Autoimmunity toward Pigmented Cells by Tyrosinase Haptenation and Melanosome Autophagy. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1240-51. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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