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Corcionivoschi N, Balta I, McCleery D, Pet I, Iancu T, Julean C, Marcu A, Stef L, Morariu S. Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection of Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:542. [PMID: 38790647 PMCID: PMC11118739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For the last 30 years, Piscirickettsia salmonis has caused major economic losses to the aquaculture industry as the aetiological agent for the piscirickettsiosis disease. Replacing the current interventions, based on antibiotics, with natural alternatives (e.g., organic acids) represents a priority. With this study, we aimed to better understand their biological mechanism of action in an in vitro model of infection with salmon epithelial cells (CHSE-214). Our first observation revealed that at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.5%, the organic acid blend (Aq) protected epithelial cell integrity and significantly reduced P. salmonis invasion. The MIC was established at 1% Aq and the MBC at 2% against P. salmonis. The sub-inhibitory concentration significantly increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptides Cath2 and Hepcidin1, and stimulated the activity of the innate immune effector iNOS. The increase in iNOS activity also led to higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) being released in the extracellular space. The exposure of P. salmonis to the endogenous NO caused an increase in bacterial lipid peroxidation levels, a damaging effect which can ultimately reduce the pathogen's ability to attach or multiply intracellularly. We also demonstrate that the increased NO release by the host CHSE-214 cells is a consequence of direct exposure to Aq and is not dependent on P. salmonis infection. Additionally, the presence of Aq during P. salmonis infection of CHSE-214 cells significantly mitigated the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12, and IFNγ. Taken together, these results indicate that, unlike antibiotics, natural antimicrobials can weaponize the iNOS pathway and secreted nitric oxide to reduce infection and inflammation in a Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK;
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - David McCleery
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- Faculty of Management and Rural Development, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Calin Julean
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Adela Marcu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.J.); (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Sorin Morariu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
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Effects of Compound Mycotoxin Detoxifier on Alleviating Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestine, Liver and Kidney of Broilers. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100665. [PMID: 36287934 PMCID: PMC9609892 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to alleviate the toxic effects of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) on inflammatory responses in the intestine, liver, and kidney of broilers, the aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme, montmorillonite, and compound probiotics were selected and combined to make a triple-action compound mycotoxin detoxifier (CMD). The feeding experiment was divided into two stages. In the early feeding stage (1−21 day), a total of 200 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into four groups; in the later feeding stage (22−42 day), 160 broilers aged at 22 days were assigned to four groups: Group A: basal diet (4.31 μg/kg AFB1); Group B: basal diet with 40 μg/kg AFB1; Group C: Group A plus 1.5 g/kg CMD; Group D: Group B plus 1.5 g/kg CMD. After the feeding experiment, the intestine, liver, and kidney tissues of the broilers were selected to investigate the molecular mechanism for CMD to alleviate the tissue damages. Analyses of mRNA abundances and western blotting (WB) of inflammatory factors, as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of intestine, liver, and kidney tissues showed that AFB1 aggravated the inflammatory responses through NF-κB and TN-α signaling pathways via TLR pattern receptors, while the addition of CMD significantly inhibited the inflammatory responses. Phylogenetic investigation showed that AFB1 significantly increased interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities (p < 0.05), which were restored to normal levels by CMD addition, indicating that CMD could alleviate cell inflammatory damages induced by AFB1.
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Guo K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Fan P, Shang S, Fan F, Wu H, Man M, Xie Y, Lu X. Effects of acute exposure to ultra-wideband pulsed electromagnetic fields on the liver and kidneys of mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:109-122. [PMID: 32164469 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1737806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The biosafety of ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses, which are characterized by simultaneously high power and a high bandwidth ratio, has gained increasing attention. Although there is substantial prior literature on the biological effects of UWB pulses on both cells and animals, an explicit, unequivocal and definite pattern of the corresponding biological responses remains elusive, and the systemic secondary consequences are also still not fully understood. In this study, we found that exposing mice to UWB pulses resulted in the alteration of several biochemical blood parameters, which further prompted us to investigate changes in the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to UWB pulses with different field intensities and different durations. The data demonstrated that exposure to UWB pulses significantly increased the levels of ALT and AST, increased oxidative stress, and could even induce the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes. The total number of pulses under the tested acute exposure regiment contributed most to the observed hepatic and rental dysfunction. Notably, the physiological and molecular changes recovered approximately 72 hours after exposure. These results imply the potential risk of acute exposure to UWB pulses, and highlight the meaningful targets for further long-term study of chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, China.,Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of the National Centre for the Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Xi'an, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiyao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Menghua Man
- Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Effects, Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanzhao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Costa MC, de Barros Fernandes H, Gonçalves GKN, Santos APN, Ferreira GF, de Freitas GJC, do Carmo PHF, Hubner J, Emídio ECP, Santos JRA, Dos Santos JL, Dos Reis AM, Fagundes CT, da Silva AM, Santos DA. 17-β-Estradiol increases macrophage activity through activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor and improves the response of female mice to Cryptococcus gattii. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13179. [PMID: 32017324 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) is one of the agents of cryptococcosis, a severe systemic mycosis with a higher prevalence in men than women, but the influence of the female sex hormone, 17-β-estradiol (E2), on cryptococcosis remains unclear. Our study shows that female mice presented delayed mortality, increased neutrophil recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced fungal load after 24 hr of infection compared to male and ovariectomised female mice (OVX). E2 replacement restored OVX female survival. Female macrophages have more efficient fungicidal activity, which was increased by E2 and reversed by the antagonist of G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER), which negatively modulates PI3K activation. Furthermore, E2 induces a reduction in Cg cell diameter, cell charge, and antioxidant peroxidase activity. In conclusion, female mice present improved control of Cg infection, and GPER is important for E2 modulation of the female response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliete C Costa
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gleisy K N Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson P N Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Campus Governador Valadares, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C de Freitas
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F do Carmo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jôsy Hubner
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elúzia C P Emídio
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adelina M Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M da Silva
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Liu T, Zhang M, Mukosera GT, Borchardt D, Li Q, Tipple TE, Ishtiaq Ahmed AS, Power GG, Blood AB. L-NAME releases nitric oxide and potentiates subsequent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101238. [PMID: 31200239 PMCID: PMC6565607 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) has been widely applied for several decades in both basic and clinical research as an antagonist of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Herein, we show that L-NAME slowly releases NO from its guanidino nitro group. Daily pretreatment of rats with L-NAME potentiated mesenteric vasodilation induced by nitrodilators such as nitroglycerin, but not by NO. Release of NO also occurred with the NOS-inactive enantiomer D-NAME, but not with L-arginine or another NOS inhibitor L-NMMA, consistent with the presence or absence of a nitro group in their structure and their nitrodilator-potentiating effects. Metabolic conversion of the nitro group to NO-related breakdown products was confirmed using isotopically-labeled L-NAME. Consistent with Fenton chemistry, transition metals and reactive oxygen species accelerated the release of NO from L-NAME. Both NO production from L-NAME and its nitrodilator-potentiating effects were augmented under inflammation. NO release by L-NAME can confound its intended NOS-inhibiting effects, possibly by contributing to a putative intracellular NO store in the vasculature. NOS-inhibitor L-NAME is also a precursor of NO. ROS releases NO from the nitro group of L-NAME via Fenton Chemistry. L-NAME potentates nitrodilator-mediated vasodilation. Nitroglycerin may cause vasodilation via activation of an intracellular NO store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - George T Mukosera
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Dan Borchardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Gordon G Power
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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6
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Cho H, Park JH, Ahn EK, Oh JS. Kobophenol A Isolated from Roots of Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity by Regulating NF-κB Nuclear Translocation in J774A.1 Cells. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:647-653. [PMID: 30023311 PMCID: PMC6046687 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kobophenol A (KPA) is a biologically active natural compound isolated from the roots of Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehder (C. sinica). However, the anti-inflammatory effects of KPA have not been reported. This study aims to find out whether KPA isolated from roots of C. sinica can act as a potential substance on inflammation and analyze the molecular mechanism using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774 A.1 macrophage cell line. We showed that KPA treatment significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In the KPA also inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and production, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated J774 A.1 cells. As continuing study on the mechanisms involved, we confirmed that these effects of KPA were related to the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway including the suppression of IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) phosphorylation and translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Taken together, the present study is the first to demonstrate that KPA isolated from C. sinica suppresses the expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated J774 A.1 macrophages. KPA may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Key Words
- C. sinica, Caragana sinica
- IKKα/β, IκB kinase α/β
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IκB, inhibitory κB
- KPA, Kobophenol A
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPKs, Mitogen-activated protein kinases
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NO, nitric oxide
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PGE2, Prostaglandin E2
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- inducible nitric oxide synthase
- kobophenol A
- nitric oxide
- nuclear factor-κB
- pro-inflammatory cytokines
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondining author at: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Gu J, Crosier PS, Hall CJ, Chen L, Xu X. Inflammatory pathway network-based drug repositioning and molecular phenomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2777-84. [PMID: 27345454 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective biological response to body/tissue damage that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators. In this work, we constructed the pathway network of inflammation, including 11 sub-pathways of inflammatory factors. Pathway-based network efficiency and network flux were adopted to evaluate drug efficacy. By using approved and experimentally validated anti-inflammatory drugs as training sets, a predictive model was built to screen potential anti-inflammatory drugs from approved drugs in DrugBank. This drug repositioning approach would bring a fast and cheap way to find new indications for approved drugs. Moreover, molecular phenomics profiles of the expression of inflammatory factors will provide new insight into the drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher J Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lirong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Fernández-Murga ML, Sanz Y. Safety Assessment of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Isolated from Stools of Healthy Breast-Fed Infants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145503. [PMID: 26784747 PMCID: PMC4718450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 is a potential probiotic strain, originally isolated from the stools of healthy breast-feed infants. The strain showed pre-clinical efficacy in a mouse obesity model. The objective of this study was to evaluate its potential toxicity and translocation ability after acute oral administration to mice. Methods and Findings A safety study was conducted in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed C57BL-6 mice. Both mouse groups (n = 10 per group) were fed orally 2 x 109 colony forming units (cfu)/day of B. uniformis CECT 7771 or placebo by gavage for 6 days. Throughout this time, feed and water intake and body weight were monitored. Afterwards, mice were sacrificed and biological samples were collected to analyze blood and urine biochemistry, inflammatory and immune markers; gut mucosal histology and bacterial translocation to peripheral tissues. The results demonstrated that acute ingestion of this Bacteroides strain had no adverse effects on the animals’ general health status or food intake, nor did it affect biochemical indicators of liver, kidney and pancreatic function or gut mucosal histology. Findings also demonstrated that administration did not lead to bacterial translocation to blood, liver or mesenteric lymph nodes. B. uniformis CECT 7771 also downregulated gene and protein expression (iNOS and PPAR-γ) and inflammatory cytokines induced by immunosuppression. Conclusions The findings indicate that the acute oral consumption of B. uniformis CECT 7771 does not raise safety concerns in mice. Further studies in humans should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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9
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Cunha FVM, Gomes BDS, Neto BDS, Ferreira AR, de Sousa DP, e Martins MDCDC, Oliveira FDA. Ferulic acid ethyl ester diminished Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced incapacitation through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:117-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Shin MH, Park YJ, Kim KS, Cho DH, Uh IJ, Kim KH, Ha IJ, Chung WS, Jung HJ, Jung SK, Jang HJ. The anti-inflammatory effects of Alisma herb extract on allergic asthma mouse model. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Vigneshkumar B, Pandian SK, Balamurugan K. Catalase activity and innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans against the heavy metal toxin lead. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:313-321. [PMID: 21656642 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal lead-induced oxidative stress on Caenorhabditis elegans was examined at the level of catalase activity and on innate immunity. Stress-induced C. elegans was exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14::GFP for monitoring the impact at the physiological level. Role of catalase on the innate-immune responses of C. elegans was examined. PA14::GFP did not colonize lead pretreated C. elegans intestinal cells significantly compared to untreated controls, indicating stress-mediated upregulation of host-immunity. Semiquantitative PCR analyses of lead-exposed and PA14-infected C. elegans mRNA showed significant upregulation of candidate antimicrobial enzyme gene lys-7 after 24 h of exposures. Upregulation of metallothionein(mtl-1) when compared to mtl-2 in response to the lead suggesting active detoxification of metal by mtl-1. Exogenously provided Catalase (0.4-3.2 U) induced significant upregulation of lys-7 compared to controls. lys-7 upregulation during lead exposure was reconfirmed by real-time PCR. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer analyses indicated that the lead pretreated C. elegans was significantly less colonized by PA14::GFP when compared to controls. Relative expression of ctl-1 and ctl-2 mRNA was measured using real time PCR and found to be regulated during lead exposures. Over all, the upregulation of antimicrobial gene expression appears to be correlated with the level of catalase during stress emphasizing their key roles in defensive mechanism(s). These results provide a link between the stress and related immune responses which can be explored in higher systems.
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12
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Hibiscus sabdariffa extractivities on cadmium—mediated alterations of human U937 cell viability and activation. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:33-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Swearingen KE, Loomis WP, Zheng M, Cookson BT, Dovichi NJ. Proteomic profiling of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by isotope coded affinity tagging. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2412-21. [PMID: 20199111 DOI: 10.1021/pr901124u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid component of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, initiates proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic pathways upon binding to macrophage TLR4. Macrophages that are exposed to LPS become activated and exhibit altered morphology and response to infection. We performed isotope coded affinity tagging (ICAT), multidimensional liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that are differently expressed between naive and LPS-activated macrophages. We performed replicate ICAT analyses on RAW 264.7 cultured mouse macrophages as well as C57BL/6 bone marrow derived mouse macrophages. We identified and obtained relative abundances for 1064 proteins, of which we identified 36 as having significantly different expression levels upon activation by LPS. We also compared our results with a two color microarray gene expression assay performed by the Institute for Systems Biology and observed approximately 75% agreement between mRNA transcription and protein expression regarding up- or down-regulation of gene products. We used Western blot analysis to confirm the findings of ICAT and mRNA for one protein, sequestosome 1, the cellular concentration of which was observed to increase upon activation by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian E Swearingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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Abstract
The cause of metastasis remains elusive despite vast information on cancer cells. We posit that cancer cell fusion with macrophages or other migratory bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) provides an explanation. BMDCs fused with tumor cells were present in animal tumor xenografts where they were associated with metastases. In myeloma patients, transcriptionally active myeloma nuclei were incorporated into osteoclasts through fusion. In patients with renal cell carcinoma arising poststem cell transplant, donor genes were incorporated in recipient cancer cell nuclei, most likely through fusion, and showed tumor distribution patterns characteristic of cancer stem cells. Melanoma-macrophage hybrids generated in vitro contained chromosomes from both parental partners, showed increased ploidy, and transcribed and translated genes from both parents. They exhibited chemotactic migration in vitro toward fibronectin and exhibited high frequencies of metastasis when implanted in mice. They produced macromolecules that are characteristic of macrophages and known indicators of metastasis (c-Met, SPARC, MCR1, GnT-V, and the integrin subunits alpha(3), alpha(5), alpha(6), alpha(v), beta(1), beta(3)). They also produced high levels of beta1,6-branched oligosaccharides-predictors of poor survival in patients with melanoma or carcinomas of the breast, lung, and colon. We thus hypothesize that such gene expression patterns in cancer are generated through fusion. Tumor hybrids also showed active autophagy, a characteristic of both metastatic cancers and macrophages. BMDC-tumor cell fusion explains epidermal-mesenchymal transition in cancer since BMDCs express mesodermal traits and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators (Twist, SPARC, and others). If BMDC-tumor cell fusion underlies invasion and metastasis in human cancer, new approaches for therapeutic intervention would be mandated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Nam SI. Interleukin-1?? Up-Regulates Inducible Nitric Oxide by Way of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent in a Cochlear Cell Model. Laryngoscope 2006; 116:2166-70. [PMID: 17146391 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000243202.92548.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta on inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) expression in cochlea and the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were used and exposed to IL-1beta. Pharmacologic inhibitors such as PD98059 (an extracellular-regulated protein kinase [ERKs] inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitor), SP600125 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinases [JNKs]) inhibitor), and LY294002 (an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3 K]) were used to see the role of JNKs, ERKs, p38 MAPK, or PI3 K signaling pathway(s) in iNOS expression in response to IL-1beta in HEI-OC1 cells. Western blot and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to measure iNOS protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Luciferase assay was carried out to measure the transcription of iNOS by IL-1beta in HEI-OC1 cells. RESULTS Treatment of IL-1beta resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of iNOS protein and mRNA and NO production. One nanogram per milliliter of IL-1beta treatment for 4 to 8 hours was sufficient to highly induce iNOS. IL-1beta treatment also led to activation of JNKs, ERKs, and p70S6 K. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3 K signaling pathway by LY294002 resulted in strong down-regulation of the IL-1beta-induced expressions of iNOS protein and mRNA. However, inhibition of JNKs and ERKs by SP29004 and PD98059, respectively, had no effect on the IL-1beta-induced iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta strongly induces iNOS expression and NO production in HEI-OC1 cells, and the induction appears to be achieved by increased iNOS transcription and activation of PI3 K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea.
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16
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Bae JH, Jang BC, Suh SI, Ha E, Baik HH, Kim SS, Lee MY, Shin DH. Manganese induces inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via activation of both MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways in BV2 microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2006; 398:151-4. [PMID: 16417967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that manganese neurotoxicity induces clinical symptoms similar to those of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Although microglial cytotoxic mediator-induced neurotoxicity is suggested, the mechanism by which manganese up-regulates cytotoxic mediator, such as nitric oxide (NO), remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the mechanism of manganese on induction of iNOS in microglial cells. iNOS promoter/luciferase assay revealed that manganese (500 (M) regulated the iNOS expression at the transcriptional level. Immunoblot analysis also revealed that phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK MAPKs and Akt (PKB, PI 3-kinase downstream effector), were increased. Both protein and mRNA levels of iNOS expression were abrogated by specific inhibitors, SP600125 (JNK inhibitor, 20 microM), PD98059 (ERKs inhibitor, 50 microM), or LY294002 (PI 3-kinase inhibitor, 20 microM), but not by SB203580 (20 microM), a p38 specific inhibitor. These data lead to the conclusion that manganese regulates the iNOS expression at the transcriptional level in BV2 microglial cells and the increased iNOS protein expression is mediated via both JNK-ERK MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, but not via p38 MAPK pathway. Increased iNOS protein level was also found in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yi HA, Yi SD, Jang BC, Song DK, Shin DH, Mun KC, Kim SP, Suh SI, Bae JH. Inhibitory effects of glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide‐induced activation in microglial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 32:1097-103. [PMID: 16445576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular activation in microglia and to evaluate the inhibitory mechanisms involved. Lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) was used for the activation of primary cultured rat microglial or BV2 microglial cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels and outward K+ currents were measured using fura-2/AM and whole-cell patch-clamp methods, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Lipopolysaccharide transformed cell morphology into an amoeboid shape in vitro and induced microglial activation in vivo, as measured by immunohistochemical staining, but glucosamine inhibited this activation. Glucosamine also inhibited LPS-induced Ca2+ influx, outward K+ currents and TNF-alpha mRNA expression, which are typically representative of microglial activation. 4. The results suggest that the inhibitory mechanisms of glucosamine on LPS-induced microglial activation include inhibition of Ca2+ influx and outward K+ currents, as well as downregulation of the microglial activator gene TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Ah Yi
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Choong-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
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18
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Nakaya M, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Isoflavone genistein and daidzein up-regulate LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase activity through estrogen receptor pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 71:108-14. [PMID: 16271352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are found in abundance in soybeans. These plant-derived substances have estrogenic activities and can bind to the estrogen receptors (ERs). In this study, we investigated that the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2), genistein and daidzein on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in RAW264.7 cells. We found that these isoflavones significantly increased lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production and iNOS expression as much as E2 at physiological concentrations. Moreover, E2 and isoflavone enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha that is one of the important cytokines regarding NO production. The enhancing effects of E2 and isoflavones on NO production were markedly inhibited by not only N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an inhibitor of NOS), but also ICI 182780 (ERs antagonist). Two types of ERs were identified as ERalpha and ERbeta. An ERalpha agonist could increase iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, while an ERbeta agonist could not. In conclusion, our results suggest E2, genistein and daidzein activate iNOS, and then up-regulate NO production. This enhancing effect is aroused through ERalpha pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Nakaya
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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19
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Jang BC, Paik JH, Kim SP, Shin DH, Song DK, Park JG, Suh MH, Park JW, Suh SI. Catalase induced expression of inflammatory mediators via activation of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, p70S6K, and JNKs in BV2 microglia. Cell Signal 2005; 17:625-33. [PMID: 15683737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Catalase induces COX-2 or iNOS expression in some type of cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of catalase on COX-2 and iNOS expression in BV2 microglia and the inductive mechanism associated. Exposure of catalase to BV2 microglia induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS that was related with transcriptional up-regulation. Importantly, catalase-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression needed activations of NF-kappaB, PI3K/AKT, and JNKs, which were important for the transcriptional up-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS. Notably, rapamycin inhibition of p70S6K led to down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS protein expression, but not steady-state mRNA expression and transcription, induced by catalase, suggesting that p70S6K is involved in increased COX-2 and iNOS mRNA translation by catalase. Interestingly, there was PI3K-dependent activation of AKT, p70S6K, JNKs, and NF-kappaB in response to catalase. These data collectively suggest catalase-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression in BV2 microglia is, in part at least, mediated through activation of multiple signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Churl Jang
- Chronic Disease Research Center and Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, #194 DongSan-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-712, South Korea.
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