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Xu Y, Hong Z, Yu S, Huang R, Li K, Li M, Xie S, Zhu L. Fresh Insights Into SLC25A26: Potential New Therapeutic Target for Cancers: A Review. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1379323. [PMID: 38745827 PMCID: PMC11091378 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1379323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
SLC25A26 is the only known human mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine carrier encoding gene. Recent studies have shown that SLC25A26 is abnormally expressed in some cancers, such as cervical cancer, low-grade glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and liver cancer, which suggests SLC25A26 can affect the occurrence and development of some cancers. This article in brief briefly reviewed mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine carrier in different species and its encoding gene, focused on the association of SLC25A26 aberrant expression and some cancers as well as potential mechanisms, summarized its potential for cancer prognosis, and characteristics of mitochondrial diseases caused by SLC25A26 mutation. Finally, we provide a brief expectation that needs to be further investigated. We speculate that SLC25A26 will be a potential new therapeutic target for some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangheng Xu
- Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhisheng Hong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ronghan Huang
- Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Kunqi Li
- Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lvyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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Novel copper complex CTB regulates methionine cycle induced TERT hypomethylation to promote HCC cells senescence via mitochondrial SLC25A26. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 33041323 PMCID: PMC7548283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Related research has recognized the vital role of methionine cycle metabolism in cancers. However, the role and mechanism of methionine cycle metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma are still unknown. In this study, we found that [Cu(ttpy-tpp)Br2]Br (Referred to as CTB) could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cells senescence, which is a new copper complex synthesized by our research group. Interestingly, CTB induces senescence by inhibiting the methionine cycle metabolism of HCC cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of CTB on the methionine cycle depends on mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A26, which was also required for CTB-induced HCC cells senescence. Importantly, we found that CTB-induced upregulation of SLC25A26 could cause abnormal methylation of TERT and inhibited TERT expression, which is considered to be an essential cause of cell senescence. The same results were also obtained in vivo, CTB inhibits the growth of subcutaneously implanted tumors in nude mice and promoted the expression of senescence markers in tumor tissues, and interference with SLC25A26 partially offset the antitumor effect of CTB.
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Design, synthesis and biological activity of N 5-substituted tetrahydropteroate analogs as non-classical antifolates against cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112113. [PMID: 32058237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) is involved in the process of tumor cell growth and survival. In this study, a novel series of N5-electrophilic substituted tetrahydropteroate analogs without glutamate residue were designed as non-classical antifolates and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against MetH. In addition, the cytotoxicity of target compounds was evaluated in human tumor cell lines. With N5-chloracetyl as the optimum group, further structure research on the benzene substituent and on the 2,4-diamino group was also performed. Compound 6c, with IC50 value of 12.1 μM against MetH and 0.16-6.12 μM against five cancer cells, acted as competitive inhibitor of MetH. Flow cytometry studies indicated that compound 6c arrested HL-60 cells in the G1-phase and then inducted late apoptosis. The molecular docking further explained the structure-activity relationship.
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Miousse IR, Tobacyk J, Quick CM, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Skinner CM, Kore R, Melnyk SB, Kutanzi KR, Xia F, Griffin RJ, Koturbash I. Modulation of dietary methionine intake elicits potent, yet distinct, anticancer effects on primary versus metastatic tumors. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1117-1126. [PMID: 29939201 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine dependency describes the characteristic rapid in vitro death of most tumor cells in the absence of methionine. Combining chemotherapy with dietary methionine deprivation [methionine-deficient diet (MDD)] at tolerable levels has vast potential in tumor treatment; however, it is limited by MDD-induced toxicity during extended deprivation. Recent advances in imaging and irradiation delivery have created the field of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), where fewer large-dose fractions delivered in less time result in increased local-tumor control, which could be maximally synergistic with an MDD short course. Identification of the lowest effective methionine dietary intake not associated with toxicity will further enhance the cancer therapy potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of MDD and methionine-restricted diet (MRD) in primary and metastatic melanoma models in combination with radiotherapy (RT). In vitro, MDD dose-dependently sensitized mouse and human melanoma cell lines to RT. In vivo in mice, MDD substantially potentiated the effects of RT by a significant delay in tumor growth, in comparison with administering MDD or RT alone. The antitumor effects of an MDD/RT approach were due to effects on one-carbon metabolism, resulting in impaired methionine biotransformation via downregulation of Mat2a, which encodes methionine adenosyltransferase 2A. Furthermore, and probably most importantly, MDD and MRD substantially diminished metastatic potential; the antitumor MRD effects were not associated with toxicity to normal tissue. Our findings suggest that modulation of methionine intake holds substantial promise for use with short-course SBRT for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Julia Tobacyk
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles M Quick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles M Skinner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rajshekhar Kore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stepan B Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kristy R Kutanzi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Fen Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Wu Y, Zhang W, Li T, Ma R, Chen D, Zhang J, Wu J, Tang J. Multivalent methionine-functionalized biocompatible block copolymers for targeted small interfering RNA delivery and subsequent reversal effect on adriamycin resistance in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 28688213 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Tinghan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Nanjing China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Nanjing China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Nanjing China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Nanjing China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery; the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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Miousse IR, Kutanzi KR, Koturbash I. Effects of ionizing radiation on DNA methylation: from experimental biology to clinical applications. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:457-469. [PMID: 28134023 PMCID: PMC5411327 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1287454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation (IR) is a ubiquitous environmental stressor with genotoxic and epigenotoxic capabilities. Terrestrial IR, predominantly a low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, is being widely utilized in medicine, as well as in multiple industrial applications. Additionally, an interest in understanding the effects of high-LET irradiation is emerging due to the potential of exposure during space missions and the growing utilization of high-LET radiation in medicine. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of IR on DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mechanism regulating the expression of genetic information. We discuss global, repetitive elements and gene-specific DNA methylation in light of exposure to high and low doses of high- or low-LET IR, fractionated IR exposure, and bystander effects. Finally, we describe the mechanisms of IR-induced alterations to DNA methylation and discuss ways in which that understanding can be applied clinically, including utilization of DNA methylation as a predictor of response to radiotherapy and in the manipulation of DNA methylation patterns for tumor radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Miousse
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Kristy R Kutanzi
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Bourgoin-Voillard S, Goron A, Seve M, Moinard C. Regulation of the proteome by amino acids. Proteomics 2016; 16:831-46. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE; IAB; University Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE; IAB; INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - Arthur Goron
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA); University Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA); INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - Michel Seve
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE; IAB; University Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
- Plateforme de Protéomique PROMETHEE; IAB; INSERM; Grenoble France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA); University Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA); INSERM; Grenoble France
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Biochemical estimations of multidrug resistance (ferulic acid and paclitaxel) in non-small cells lung carcinoma cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Synthesis and evaluation of methionine and folate co-decorated chitosan self-assembly polymeric micelles as a potential hydrophobic drug-delivery system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Elshihawy H, Hammad M. Molecular modeling studies and synthesis of novel quinoxaline derivatives with potential anti-cancer activity as inhibitors of methionine synthase. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Akhlaghi SP, Saremi S, Ostad SN, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Discriminated effects of thiolated chitosan-coated pMMA paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles on different normal and cancer cell lines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:689-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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López-Torres M, Barja G. Lowered methionine ingestion as responsible for the decrease in rodent mitochondrial oxidative stress in protein and dietary restriction. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1337-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Riedel RF, Porrello A, Pontzer E, Chenette EJ, Hsu DS, Balakumaran B, Potti A, Nevins J, Febbo PG. A genomic approach to identify molecular pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3141-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Tyihák E, Móricz Á, Ott P, Hajnos M, Głowniak K. New approach to mechanism of action of paclitaxel by means of BioArena studies. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Forty percent and eighty percent methionine restriction decrease mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative stress in rat liver. Biogerontology 2008; 9:183-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-008-9130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xin L, Cao WX, Fei XF, Wang Y, Liu WT, Liu BY, Zhu ZG. Applying proteomic methodologies to analyze the effect of methionine restriction on proliferation of human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 377:206-12. [PMID: 17116298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine dependence is a feature unique to cancer cells, exhibited as inability to grow in a methionine-depleted environment supplemented with homocysteine, the immediate metabolic precursor of methionine. However, the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction inhibits cancer cells growth have not been elucidated. The effect of methionine restriction on the protein expression in gastric cancer cells was studied. METHODS SGC7901 cells were treated with M-H+ medium for 5 days, which was followed by analysis of total cellular protein from cells by a combination of 2-DE and MS. Then the differential expressional levels of partially identified proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The well-resolved, reproducible 2-DE patterns of SGC7901 cells cultured in M+H- or M-H+ medium were established. The 10 differential proteins between pairs of gastric cancer cells SGC7901 cultured either in M+H- medium or M-H+ medium, were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and the differential expression levels of 2 identified proteins were confirmed. CONCLUSION These data will be valuable for further study of the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xin
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Banks EC, Doughty SW, Toms SM, Wheelhouse RT, Nicolaou A. Inhibition of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase by substituted benzo-fused heterocycles. FEBS J 2006; 274:287-99. [PMID: 17222188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cobalamin-dependent cytosolic enzyme, methionine synthase (EC.2.1.1.13), catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine using 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor. The products of this remethylation--methionine and tetrahydrofolate--participate in the active methionine and folate pathways. Impaired methionine synthase activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anaemias, cancer and neurological disorders. Although the need for potent and specific inhibitors of methionine synthase has been recognized, there is a lack of such agents. In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated the inhibitory activity of a series of substituted benzimidazoles and small benzothiadiazoles. Kinetic analysis revealed that the benzimidazoles act as competitive inhibitors of the rat liver methionine synthase, whilst the most active benzothiadiazole (IC(50) = 80 microm) exhibited characteristics of uncompetitive inhibition. A model of the methyltetrahydrofolate-binding site of the rat liver methionine synthase was constructed; docking experiments were designed to elucidate, in greater detail, the binding mode and reveal structural requirements for the design of inhibitors of methionine synthase. Our results indicate that the potency of the tested compounds is related to a planar region of the inhibitor that can be positioned in the centre of the active site, the presence of a nitro functional group and two or three probable hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Jiráček J, Collinsová M, Rosenberg I, Buděšínský M, Protivínská E, Netušilová H, Garrow TA. S-alkylated homocysteine derivatives: new inhibitors of human betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3982-9. [PMID: 16789755 PMCID: PMC2622432 DOI: 10.1021/jm050885v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of S-alkylated derivatives of homocysteine were synthesized and characterized as inhibitors of human recombinant betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Some of these compounds inhibit BHMT with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. BHMT is very sensitive to the structure of substituents on the sulfur atom of homocysteine. The S-carboxybutyl and S-carboxypentyl derivatives make the most potent inhibitors, and an additional sulfur atom in the alkyl chain is well tolerated. The respective (R,S)-5-(3-amino-3-carboxy-propylsulfanyl)-pentanoic, (R,S)-6-(3-amino-3-carboxy-propylsulfanyl)-hexanoic, and (R,S)-2-amino-4-(2-carboxymethylsulfanyl-ethylsulfanyl)-butyric acids are very potent inhibitors and are the strongest ever reported. We determined that (R,S)-5-(3-amino-3-carboxy-propylsulfanyl)-pentanoic acid displays competitive inhibition with respect to betaine binding with a Kappi of 12 nM. Some of these compounds are currently being tested in mice to study the influence of BHMT on the metabolism of sulfur amino acids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Corresponding authors. Tel +420220183441, fax +420220183571, e-mails ,
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rosenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Corresponding authors. Tel +420220183441, fax +420220183571, e-mails ,
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Protivínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Netušilová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy A. Garrow
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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