1
|
Yan H, Ding M, Lin J, Zhao L, Han D, Hu Q. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism as a potential antifungal target for the sustainable cultivation of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 37330505 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are widely considered as multifunctional cell factories that are able to transform the photo-synthetically fixed CO2 to numerous high-value compounds, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and pigments. However, contamination of the algal mass culture with fungal parasites continues to threaten the production of algal biomass, which dramatically highlights the importance of developing effective measures to control the fungal infection. One viable solution is to identify potential metabolic pathways that are essential for fungal pathogenicity but are not obligate for algal growth, and to use inhibitors targeting such pathways to restrain the infection. However, such targets remain largely unknown, making it challenging to develop effective measures to mitigate the infection in algal mass culture. RESULTS In the present study, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis for the fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, which can infect the astaxanthin-producing microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. It was found that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) were enriched in P. sedebokerense, which was assumed to produce metabolites required for the fungal parasitism. To verify this hypothesis, antifolate that hampered FOCM was applied to the culture systems. Results showed that when 20 ppm of the antifolate co-trimoxazole were added, the infection ratio decreased to ~ 10% after 9 days inoculation (for the control, the infection ratio was 100% after 5 days inoculation). Moreover, application of co-trimoxazole to H. pluvialis mono-culture showed no obvious differences in the biomass and pigment accumulation compared with the control, suggesting that this is a potentially algae-safe, fungi-targeted treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that applying antifolate to H. pluvialis culturing systems can abolish the infection of the fungus P. sedebokerense and the treatment shows no obvious disturbance to the algal culture, suggesting FOCM is a potential target for antifungal drug design in the microalgal mass culture industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Meng Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Poyang Lake Eco-Economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Demeter Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen J, Patel C, Diglio F, Baker K, Marshall G, Li S, Cole PD. Cognitive impairment persists at least 1 year after juvenile rats are treated with methotrexate. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108939. [PMID: 34986414 PMCID: PMC8792316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely employed for children with cancer, but is also associated with persistent cognitive deficits among survivors. The present study investigated the mechanisms behind long-term cognitive dysfunction after juvenile animals are treated with MTX. Male and female Long-Evans rats were treated with a combination of 6 systemic doses (0.5 mg/kg/dose intraperitoneally) and 4 intrathecal doses (1 mg/kg) beginning at post-natal age 3 weeks, a schedule designed to mimic repeated exposure given to children with leukemia. Behavioral testing was conducted at 60-61 weeks of age, followed by analysis of brain histolopathology. This MTX regimen had no acute toxicity and no effect on growth. The spatial memory and visual memory deficits observed at 13 and 17 weeks of age persisted 1 year after MTX exposure in both females and males. Significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased hippocampal microglial activation were observed in MTX-treated females when compared to the controls, with a similar trend in the male groups. In addition, MTX treatment significantly increased the number of TUNEL positive cells in the periventricular area. Our study demonstrates that a clinically relevant regimen of systemic and intrathecal MTX induces persistent deficits in cognition, lasting approximately 1 year after the last injection. The mechanisms behind MTX-induced deficits are likely multifactorial, including suppression of neurogenesis, microglial activation, and increased brain cell apoptosis. Our study suggests female and male animals differ in susceptibility to MTX-induced neurotoxicity and provides insights for developing therapeutic approaches to prevent treatment related cognitive impairment among children with ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Goryeb Children's Hospital-Atlantic Health, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chadni Patel
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Frank Diglio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kayla Baker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory Marshall
- Rutgers Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shengguo Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Peter D Cole
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Posayapisit N, Pengon J, Prommana P, Shoram M, Yuthavong Y, Uthaipibull C, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Jupatanakul N. Transgenic pyrimethamine-resistant plasmodium falciparum reveals transmission-blocking potency of P218, a novel antifolate candidate drug. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:635-642. [PMID: 33713651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial drugs capable of targeting multiple parasite stages, particularly the transmissible stages, can be valuable tools for advancing the malaria elimination agenda. Current antifolate drugs such as pyrimethamine can inhibit replicative parasite stages in both humans and mosquitoes, but antifolate resistance remains a challenge. The lack of reliable gametocyte-producing, antifolate-resistant Plasmodium falciparum laboratory strain hinders the study of new antifolate compounds that can overcome antifolate resistance including development stages in the mosquito. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 genome editing to develop a transgenic gametocyte-producing strain of P. falciparum with quadruple mutations (N51I, C59R, S108N, I164L) in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene, using NF54 as a parental strain. The transgenic parasites exhibited pyrimethamine resistance while maintaining their gametocyte-producing activity. We then demonstrated that pyrimethamine could no longer inhibit male gametocyte exflagellation in the transgenic parasite. In contrast, P218, the novel antifolate, designed to overcome antifolate resistance, potently inhibited exflagellation. The exflagellation IC50 of P218 was five times lower than the asexual stage half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), suggesting a strong barrier for transmission of P218-resistant parasites. The transgenic gametocyte-producing, pyrimethamine-resistant parasite is a robust system for evaluating novel antifolate compounds against non-asexual stage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Posayapisit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jutharat Pengon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prommana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Molnipha Shoram
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Songsungthong W, Prasopporn S, Bohan L, Srimanote P, Leartsakulpanich U, Yongkiettrakul S. A novel bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitor of Streptococcus suis dihydrofolate reductase. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10743. [PMID: 33604179 PMCID: PMC7866885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. It has become increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. New drug candidates and knowledge of their targets are needed to combat antibiotic-resistant S. suis. In this study, the open-source Pathogen Box compound library was screened. Thirty hits that effectively inhibited S. suis growth at 10 µM were identified. Among the most potent hits, MMV675968 (a diaminoquinazoline analog) was shown to target S. suis dihydrofolate reductase (SsDHFR) via (1) growth inhibition of an E. coli surrogate whose growth is dependent on exogenously expressed SsDHFR and (2) inhibition of in vitro SsDHFR activity. Thymidine supplement is able to reverse growth inhibition by MMV675968 in both E. coli surrogate and S. suis, indicating that a thymidine-related pathway is a major target of MMV675968. Comparison of MMV675968 with seven DHFR inhibitors representing different core structures revealed that bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with long and flexible side chains are highly effective in inhibiting SsDHFR and S. suis growth. MMV675968 and related compounds thus may serve as starting points for developing antibiotics against drug resistant S. suis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warangkhana Songsungthong
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Prasopporn
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Bohan
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Truong H, Leung N. Fixed-Dose Glucarpidase for Toxic Methotrexate Levels and Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Lymphoma Patients: Case Series. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021; 21:e497-e502. [PMID: 33563580 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huong Truong
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Tian C, Xue L, Li H, Cong J, Fang F, Yang J, Yuan M, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Z. Design, synthesis and biological activity of N 5-substituted tetrahydropteroate analogs as non-classical antifolates against cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112113. [PMID: 32058237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) is involved in the process of tumor cell growth and survival. In this study, a novel series of N5-electrophilic substituted tetrahydropteroate analogs without glutamate residue were designed as non-classical antifolates and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against MetH. In addition, the cytotoxicity of target compounds was evaluated in human tumor cell lines. With N5-chloracetyl as the optimum group, further structure research on the benzene substituent and on the 2,4-diamino group was also performed. Compound 6c, with IC50 value of 12.1 μM against MetH and 0.16-6.12 μM against five cancer cells, acted as competitive inhibitor of MetH. Flow cytometry studies indicated that compound 6c arrested HL-60 cells in the G1-phase and then inducted late apoptosis. The molecular docking further explained the structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
|
7
|
Czyzyk DJ, Valhondo M, Deiana L, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL, Anderson KS. Structure activity relationship towards design of cryptosporidium specific thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111673. [PMID: 31536894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a human gastrointestinal disease caused by protozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium, which can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. The essential enzyme, thymidylate synthase (TS), is responsible for de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate. The TS active site is relatively conserved between Cryptosporidium and human enzymes. In previous work, we identified compound 1, (2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-methyl-phenyl-l-glutamic acid), as a promising selective Cryptosporidium hominis TS (ChTS) inhibitor. In the present study, we explore the structure-activity relationship around 1 glutamate moiety by synthesizing and biochemically evaluating the inhibitory activity of analogues against ChTS and human TS (hTS). X-Ray crystal structures were obtained for compounds bound to both ChTS and hTS. We establish the importance of the 2-phenylacetic acid moiety methylene linker in optimally positioning compounds 23, 24, and 25 within the active site. Moreover, through the comparison of structural data for 5, 14, 15, and 23 bound in both ChTS and hTS identified that active site rigidity is a driving force in determining inhibitor selectivity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Karami F, Ranjbar S, Ghasemi Y, Negahdaripour M. Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:373-391. [PMID: 31890337 PMCID: PMC6931080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist drug used for several diseases, such as cancers, various malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. Due to its structural features, including the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and its low native fluorescence, there are some challenges to develop analytical methods for its determination. MTX is metabolized to 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX), 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA), and the active MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in the liver, intestine, and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Additionally, the drug has a narrow therapeutic range; hence, its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary to regulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug and to decrease the risk of toxicity. Due to environmental toxicity of MTX; its sensitive, fast and low cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest. A large number of methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV-visible, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods have been developed for the quantitation of MTX and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. This paper will attempt to review several published methodologies and the instrumental conditions, which have been applied to measure MTX and its metabolites within the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Karami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ittarat W, Pornthanakasem W, Mungthin M, Suwandittakul N, Leelayoova S, Tarnchompoo B, Yuthavong Y, Kongkasuriyachai D, Leartsakulpanich U. Characterization of Plasmodium knowlesi dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and sensitivity to antifolates. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:787-792. [PMID: 30114522 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria caused by an infection of Plasmodium knowlesi can result in high parasitemia and deaths. Therefore, effective and prompt treatment is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. The study aims to characterize P. knowlesi dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase enzyme (PkDHFR-TS) and its sensitivity to antifolates. The putative Pkdhfr gene was PCR amplified from field isolates collected from the Southern Thailand. Molecular analysis showed 11 polymorphisms in the dhfr domain of the bifunctional dhfr-ts gene. Of these, 1 polymorphism was a non-synonymous substitution (R34L) that had previously been reported but not associated with antifolate resistance. The recombinant PkDHFR-TS enzyme was found to be sensitive to standard antifolates-pyrimethamine and cycloguanil-as well as P218, a registered candidate drug currently first in human clinical trial. Results suggest that antifolates class of compounds should be effective against P. knowlesi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwipa Ittarat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wichai Pornthanakasem
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nantana Suwandittakul
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saovanee Leelayoova
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Bongkoch Tarnchompoo
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh IV, Mishra S. Molecular Docking Analysis of Pyrimethamine Derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase. Bioinformation 2018; 14:232-235. [PMID: 30108420 PMCID: PMC6077817 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DHFR from Pf is a known target for malaria. There is a continued effort for the design and development of the potent inhibitor for PfDHFR in the control of malaria. Therefore it is of interest to screen PfDHFR with the derivatives of Pyrimethamine. The results show that the compound CID 10476801 has lowest docked energy (-11.48 kcal/mol) with protein likely to be a drug candidate, probably inhibiting PfDHFR structure. Residues of PfDHFR protein involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds with compound CID 10476801 are confirmed to be ASP54. The findings provide new insights into development of potent chemotherapeutic drug for combating malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Vikram Singh
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Delhi Road (NH 24), Moradabad 244 102, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Delhi Road (NH 24), Moradabad 244 102, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matherly LH, Hou Z, Gangjee A. The promise and challenges of exploiting the proton-coupled folate transporter for selective therapeutic targeting of cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 81:1-15. [PMID: 29127457 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the "promise" of exploiting the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) for selective therapeutic targeting of cancer. PCFT was discovered in 2006 and was identified as the principal folate transporter involved in the intestinal absorption of dietary folates. The recognition that PCFT was highly expressed in many tumors stimulated substantial interest in using PCFT for cytotoxic drug targeting, taking advantage of its high level transport activity under the acidic pH conditions that characterize many tumors. For pemetrexed, among the best PCFT substrates, transport by PCFT establishes its importance as a clinically important transporter in malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. In recent years, the notion of PCFT-targeting has been extended to a new generation of tumor-targeted 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds that are structurally and functionally distinct from pemetrexed, and that exhibit near exclusive transport by PCFT and potent inhibition of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Based on compelling preclinical evidence in a wide range of human tumor models, it is now time to advance the most optimized PCFT-targeted agents with the best balance of PCFT transport specificity and potent antitumor efficacy to the clinic to validate this novel paradigm of highly selective tumor targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry H Matherly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Yang J, Yuan M, Xue L, Li H, Tian C, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Z. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a series of novel 6-substituted pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines as potential nonclassical lipophilic antifolates targeting dihydrofolate reductase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:88-97. [PMID: 28152430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has been a well-recognized target for the treatment of many diseases. Based on 8,10-dideazaminopterins, which are classical antifolates that potently inhibit DHFR, we have designed a series of novel 2,4-diamino-6-substituted pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines. By removing the glutamate moiety and introducing lipophilic groups, we hoped to improve passive diffuse through the cell membranes. The target compounds were efficiently synthesized using one-pot procedure and evaluated in vitro for DHFR inhibition and antitumor activity. Compounds 5e, 5h, 5i and 5k were the most potent inhibitors of recombinant human DHFR (rhDHFR) with IC50 values in the range 0.2-1.0 μM. Analysis using flow cytometric indicated that the effect of compound 5k on cell cycle progression was linked to induction of S phase arrest. Compounds 5g, 5h, 5i and 5k showed broad spectrum antitumor activity against four different tumor cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 0.07-23 μM. Molecular docking investigations showed that the trimethoyphenyl ring of compound 5k occupied a position near the cofactor-binding site in the rhDHFR-inhibitor complex, with close intermolecular contacts with Asp21, Phe31, Ser59, Ile60 and Pro61.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengmeng Yuan
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangmin Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis plays an essential and exclusive function in DNA synthesis and proper cell division, and therefore has been an attractive therapeutic target. Folate analogs, known as antifolates, and nucleotide analogs that inhibit the enzymatic action of the de novo thymidylate biosynthesis pathway and are commonly used in cancer treatment. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which the antifolate 5-fluorouracil, as well as other dTMP synthesis inhibitors, function in cancer treatment in light of emerging evidence that dTMP synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Nuclear localization of the de novo dTMP synthesis pathway requires modification of the pathway enzymes by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein. SUMOylation is required for nuclear localization of the de novo dTMP biosynthesis pathway, and disruption in the SUMO pathway inhibits cell proliferation in several cancer models. We summarize evidence that the nuclear localization of the dTMP biosynthesis pathway is a critical factor in the efficacy of antifolate-based therapies that target dTMP synthesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Y, Shadrick WR, Wallace MJ, Wu Y, Griffith EC, Qi J, Yun MK, White SW, Lee RE. Pterin-sulfa conjugates as dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors and antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3950-4. [PMID: 27423480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonamide class of antibiotics has been in continuous use for over 70years. They are thought to act by directly inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), and also acting as prodrugs that sequester pterin pools by forming dead end pterin-sulfonamide conjugates. In this study, eight pterin-sulfonamide conjugates were synthesized using a novel synthetic strategy and their biochemical and microbiological properties were investigated. The conjugates were shown to competitively inhibit DHPS, and inhibition was enhanced by the presence of pyrophosphate that is crucial to catalysis and is known to promote an ordering of the DHPS active site. The co-crystal structure of Yersinia pestis DHPS bound to one of the more potent conjugates revealed a mode of binding that is similar to that of the enzymatic product analog pteroic acid. The antimicrobial activities of the pterin-sulfonamide conjugates were measured against Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of folate precursors and dependent metabolites. These results show that the conjugates have appreciable antibacterial activity and act by an on target, anti-folate pathway mechanism rather than as simple dead end products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - William R Shadrick
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Miranda J Wallace
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Yinan Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 311, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Griffith
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 311, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Mi-Kyung Yun
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 311, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Stephen W White
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 311, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Muhamad P, Chacharoenkul W, Rungsihirunrat K, Ruengweerayut R, Na-Bangchang K. Assessment of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax fresh isolates. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011; 1:49-53. [PMID: 23569724 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the applicability of the SYBR Green-I assay with the standard schizont maturation assay, for determination of sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) to chloroquine and a new antifolate WR 99210. METHODS The study was conducted at Mae Tao Clinic for migrant workers, Tak Province during April 2009 to July 2010. A total of 64 blood samples (1 mL blood collected into sodium heparinized plastic tube) were collected from patients with mono-infection with P. vivax malaria prior to treatment with standard regimen of a 3-day chloroquine. In vitro sensitivity of P. vivax isolates was evaluated by schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays. RESULTS A total of 30 out of 64 blood samples collected from patients with P. vivax malaria were successfully analyzed using both the microscopic schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays. The failure rates of the schizont maturation inhibition assay (50%) and the SYBR Green-I assay (54%) were similar (P=0.51). The median IC10s, IC50s and IC90s of both chloroquine and WR99210 were not significantly different from the clinical isolates of P. vivax tested. Based on the cut-off of 100 nM, the prevalences of chloroquine resistance determined by schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays were 19 and 11 isolates, respectively. The strength of agreement between the two methods was very poor for both chloroquine and WR99210. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this condition and its superior sensitivity, the microscopic method appears better than the SYBR Green-I Green assay for assessing in vitro sensitivity of fresh P. vivax isolates to antimalarial drugs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Pemetrexed belongs to a new generation of multitargeted antifolate cytotoxic agents. It is increasingly used as first-line treatment in combination with cisplatin, and as second-line treatment or maintenance monotherapy mainly in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and in malignant mesothelioma. It is increasingly used as first-line treatment in combination with cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma, and as second-line treatment or maintenance monotherapy in patients mainly controlled by the first-line to progression or poor tolerance. In mesothelioma, pemetrexed is indicated only in first-line with a platinum salt. The main side effect of pemetrexed is myelosuppression, which may be prevented by folinic acid supplementation. This review focuses on the progressive and cumulative emerging renal toxicity of pemetrexed, affecting five to ten percent of "long-term" pemetrexed-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Izzedine
- Clinique internationale du parc Monceau, service de néphrologie, 21, rue de Chazelles, 75017 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coiffier B, Federico M, Caballero D, Dearden C, Morschhauser F, Jäger U, Trümper L, Zucca E, Gomes da Silva M, Pettengell R, Weidmann E, d'Amore F, Tilly H, Zinzani PL. Therapeutic options in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:1080-8. [PMID: 25199959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents a relatively rare group of heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a very poor prognosis. Current therapies, based on historical regimens for aggressive B-cell lymphomas, have resulted in insufficient patient outcomes. The majority of patients relapse rapidly, and current 5-year overall survival rates are only 10-30%. It is evident that new approaches to treat patients with PTCL are required. In recent years, prospective studies in PTCL have been initiated, mainly in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. In some of these, selected histologic subtypes have been evaluated in detail. As a consequence, numerous new therapies have been developed and shown activity in PTCL, including: agents targeting the immune system (e.g. brentuximab vedotin, alemtuzumab, lenalidomide); histone deacetylase inhibitors (romidepsin, belinostat); antifolates (pralatrexate); fusion proteins (denileukin diftitox); nucleoside analogs (pentostatin, gemcitabine); and other agents (e.g. alisertib, plitidepsin, bendamustine, bortezomib). A variety of interesting novel combinations is also emerging. It is hoped that these innovative approaches, coupled with a greater understanding of the clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, molecular biology, and natural history of PTCL will advance the field and improve outcomes in this challenging group of diseases. This review summarizes the currently available clinical evidence on the various approaches to treating relapsed/refractory PTCL, including the role of stem cell transplantation, with an emphasis on potential new drug therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Federico
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Clinica e di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Dolores Caballero
- Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Claire Dearden
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, SM2 5PT Sutton, UK.
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Lille, F-59037 Lille, France.
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lorenz Trümper
- UniversitätsKrebszentrum (G-CCC), Georg August University, 37099 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Gomes da Silva
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil, R. Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pettengell
- St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Eckhart Weidmann
- Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie am Krankenhaus Nordwest GmbH, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, D-60488 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Hervé Tilly
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri-Becquerel, UMR918, Université de Rouen, Rue d'Amiens, 76038 Rouen Cedex 1, France.
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the biology of the major facilitative membrane folate transporters, the reduced folate carrier (RFC), and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). Folates are essential vitamins, and folate deficiency contributes to a variety of heath disorders. RFC is ubiquitously expressed and is the major folate transporter in mammalian cells and tissues. PCFT mediates intestinal absorption of dietary folates. Clinically relevant antifolates such as methotrexate (MTX) are transported by RFC, and the loss of RFC transport is an important mechanism of MTX resistance. PCFT is abundantly expressed in human tumors and is active under pH conditions associated with the tumor microenvironment. Pemetrexed (PMX) is an excellent substrate for PCFT as well as for RFC. Novel tumor-targeted antifolates related to PMX with selective membrane transport by PCFT over RFC are being developed. The molecular picture of RFC and PCFT continues to evolve relating to membrane topology, N-glycosylation, energetics, and identification of structurally and functionally important domains and amino acids. The molecular bases for MTX resistance associated with loss of RFC function, and for the rare autosomal recessive condition, hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM), attributable to mutant PCFT, have been established. From structural homologies to the bacterial transporters GlpT and LacY, homology models were developed for RFC and PCFT, enabling new mechanistic insights and experimentally testable hypotheses. RFC and PCFT exist as homo-oligomers, and evidence suggests that homo-oligomerization of RFC and PCFT monomeric proteins may be important for intracellular trafficking and/or transport function. Better understanding of the structure and function of RFC and PCFT should facilitate the rational development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer as well as for HFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|