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Qing Y, Wang X, Wang H, Hu P, Li H, Yu X, Zhu M, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Xu J, Guo Q, Hui H. Pharmacologic targeting of the P-TEFb complex as a therapeutic strategy for chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:83. [PMID: 34372855 PMCID: PMC8351106 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) kinase activity is involved in the process of transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a core component of P-TEFb, regulates the process of transcription elongation, which is associated with differentiation and apoptosis in many cancer types. Wogonin, a natural CDK9 inhibitor isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis. This study aimed to investigate the involved molecular mechanisms of wogonin on anti- chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS mRNA and protein levels were analysed by RT-qPCR and western blot. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell differentiation and apoptosis. Cell transfection, immunofluorescence analysis and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were applied to address the potential regulatory mechanism of wogonin. KU-812 cells xenograft NOD/SCID mice model was used to assess and verify the mechanism in vivo. RESULTS We reported that the anti-CML effects in K562, KU-812 and primary CML cells induced by wogonin were regulated by P-TEFb complex. We also confirmed the relationship between CDK9 and erythroid differentiation via knockdown the expression of CDK9. For further study the mechanism of erythroid differentiation induced by wogonin, co-IP experiments were used to demonstrate that wogonin increased the binding between GATA-1 and FOG-1 but decreased the binding between GATA-1 and RUNX1, which were depended on P-TEFb. Also, wogonin induced apoptosis and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MCL-1 in KU-812 cells, which is the downstream of P-TEFb. In vivo studies showed wogonin had good anti-tumor effects in KU-812 xenografts NOD/ SCID mice model and decreased the proportion of human CD45+ cells in spleens of mice. We also verified that wogonin exhibited anti-CML effects through modulating P-TEFb activity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated a special mechanism involving the regulation of P-TEFb kinase activity in CML cells, providing evidences for further application of wogonin in CML clinical treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Po Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holostic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Hashemi Z, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Hemoglobin F (HbF) inducers; History, Structure and Efficacies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:52-68. [PMID: 34036918 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210521221615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherited beta-thalassemia is a major disease caused by irregular production of hemoglobin through reducing beta-globin chains. It has been observed that increasing fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production improves symptoms in the patients. Therefore, an increase in the level of HbF has been an operative approach for treating patients with beta-thalassemia. This review represents compounds with biological activities and pharmacological properties that can promote the HBF level and therefore used in the β-thalassemia patients' therapy. Various natural products with different mechanisms of action can be helpful in this medication cure. Clinical trials were efficient in improving the signs of patients. Association of in vivo, and in vitro studies of HbF induction and γ-globin mRNA growth displays that in vitro experiments could be an indicator of the in vivo response. The current study shows that; (a) HbF inducers can be grouped in several classes based on their chemical structures and mechanism of actions; b) According to several clinical trials, well-known drugs such as hydroxyurea and decitabine are useful HbF inducers; (c) The cellular biosensor K562 carrying genes under the control of the human γ-globin and β-globin gene promoters were applied during the researches; d) New natural products and lead compounds were found based on various studies as HbF inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Wang G, Zhang J, Dui D, Ren H, Liu J. High mobility group box 1 induces the activation of the Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in pancreatic acinar cells in rats, while AG490 and rapamycin inhibit their activation. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:307-312. [PMID: 27754827 PMCID: PMC5136768 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains unclear. The Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is important for various cytokines and growth factors. This study investigated the effect of the late inflammatory factor high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the activation of JAK2/STAT3 in pancreatic acinar cells and the inhibitory effects of AG490 (a JAK2 inhibitor) and rapamycin (a STAT3 inhibitor) on this pathway. Rat pancreatic acinar cells were randomly divided into the control, HMGB1, AG490, and rapamycin groups. The mRNA levels of JAK2 and STAT3 at 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3 at 60 and 120 minutes were observed using Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the HMGB1 group exhibited significantly increased levels of JAK2 mRNA at each time point; STAT3 mRNA at 30, 60, and 120 minutes; and JAK2 and STAT3 proteins at 60 and 120 minutes (p < 0.01). Compared with the HMGB1 group, the AG490 and rapamycin groups both exhibited significantly decreased levels of JAK2 mRNA at each time point (p < 0.05); STAT3 mRNA at 30, 60, and 120 minutes (p < 0.01); and JAK2 and STAT3 proteins at 60 and 120 minutes (p < 0.01). HMGB1 induces the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rat pancreatic acinar cells, and this activation can be inhibited by AG490 and rapamycin. The results of this study may provide new insights for the treatment of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
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Natural Remedies for the Treatment of Beta-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia-Current Status and Perspectives in Fetal Hemoglobin Reactivation. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:123257. [PMID: 27350962 PMCID: PMC4897541 DOI: 10.1155/2014/123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For the treatment of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), pharmacological induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production may be a promising approach. To date, numerous studies have been done on identifying the novel HbF-inducing agents and understanding the underlying mechanism for stimulating the HbF production. In this review, we have summarized the identified HbF-inducing agents by far. By examining the action mechanisms of the HbF-inducing agents, various studies have suggested that despite the ability of stimulating HbF production, the chemotherapeutic agents could not be practically applied for treating β-hemoglobinopathies, especially β-thalassemia, due to the their cytotoxicity and growth-inhibitory effect. Owing to this therapeutic obstacle, much effort has been put on identifying new HbF-inducing agents from the natural world with the combination of efficacy, safety, and ease of use. Therefore, this review aims to (i) reveal the novel screening platforms for identifying potential inducers with high efficiency and accuracy and to (ii) summarize the new identified natural remedies for stimulating HbF production. Hopefully, this review can provide a new insight into the current status and future perspectives in fetal hemoglobin reactivation for treating β-thalassaemia and SCD.
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Wicke L, Engels JW, Gambari R, Saab AM. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Quinolone Nucleosides Against the Human Myelogenous Leukemia K‐562 Cell Line. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:757-65. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wicke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐UniversitätInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Joachim W. Engels
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐UniversitätInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Science and BiotechnologySection of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Antoine M. Saab
- Faculty of Sciences IIChemistry DepartmentLebanese UniversityFanarBeirutLebanon
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Salvador A, Brognara E, Vedaldi D, Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Zuccato C, Lampronti I, Gambari R. Induction of erythroid differentiation and increased globin mRNA production with furocoumarins and their photoproducts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 121:57-66. [PMID: 23518160 PMCID: PMC3625112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation-therapy is an important approach in the treatment of cancer, as in the case of erythroid induction in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Moreover, an important therapeutic strategy for treating beta-thalassemia and sickle-cell anemia could be the use of drugs able to induce erythroid differentiation and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) accumulation: in fact, the increased production of this type of hemoglobin can reduce the clinical symptoms and the frequency of transfusions. An important class of erythroid differentiating compounds and HbF inducers is composed by DNA-binding chemotherapeutics: however, they are not used in most instances considering their possible devastating side effects. In this contest, we approached the study of erythrodifferentiating properties of furocoumarins. In fact, upon UV-A irradiation, they are able to covalently bind DNA. Thus, the erythrodifferentiation activity of some linear and angular furocoumarins was evaluated in the experimental K562 cellular model system. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction assay was employed to evaluate the accumulation of different globin mRNAs. The results demonstrated that both linear and angular furocoumarins are strong inducers of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. From a preliminary screening, we selected the most active compounds and investigated the role of DNA photodamage in their erythroid inducing activity and mechanism of action. Moreover, some cytofluorimetric experiments were carried out to better study cell cycle modifications and the mitochondrial involvement. A further development of the work was carried out studying the erythroid differentiation of photolysis products of these molecules. 5,5′-Dimethylpsoralen photoproducts induced an important increase in γ-globin gene transcription in K562 cells.
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Yang MY, Lin PM, Liu YC, Hsiao HH, Yang WC, Hsu JF, Hsu CM, Lin SF. Induction of cellular senescence by doxorubicin is associated with upregulated miR-375 and induction of autophagy in K562 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37205. [PMID: 22606351 PMCID: PMC3350486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is a specialized form of growth arrest that is generally irreversible. Upregulated p16, p53, and p21 expression and silencing of E2F target genes have been characterized to promote the establishment of senescence. It can be further aided by the transcriptional repression of proliferation-associated genes by the action of HP1γ, HMGA, and DNMT proteins to produce a repressive chromatin environment. Therefore, senescence has been suggested to functions as a natural brake for tumor development and plays a critical role in tumor suppression and aging. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An in vitro senescence model has been established by using K562 cells treated with 50 nM doxorubicin (DOX). Since p53 and p16 are homozygously deleted in the K562 cells, the DOX-induced senescence in K562 cells ought to be independent of p53 and p16-pRb pathways. Indeed, no change in the expression of the typical senescence-associated premalignant cell markers in the DOX-induced senescent K562 cells was found. MicroRNA profiling revealed upregulated miR-375 in DOX-induced senescent K562 cells. Treatment with miR-375 inhibitor was able to reverse the proliferation ability suppressed by DOX (p<0.05) and overexpression of miR-375 suppressed the normal proliferation of K562 cells. Upregulated miR-375 expression was associated with downregulated expression of 14-3-3zeta and SP1 genes. Autophagy was also investigated since DOX treatment was able to induce cells entering senescence and eventually lead to cell death. Among the 24 human autophagy-related genes examined, a 12-fold increase of ATG9B at day 4 and a 20-fold increase of ATG18 at day 2 after DOX treatment were noted. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study has demonstrated that in the absence of p53 and p16, the induction of senescence by DOX was associated with upregulation of miR-375 and autophagy initiation. The anti-proliferative function of miR-375 is possibly exerted, at least in part, by targeting 14-3-3zeta and SP1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MYY); (SFL)
| | - Pai-Mei Lin
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Feng Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fung Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MYY); (SFL)
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Brognara E, Lampronti I, Breveglieri G, Accetta A, Corradini R, Manicardi A, Borgatti M, Canella A, Multineddu C, Marchelli R, Gambari R. C(5) modified uracil derivatives showing antiproliferative and erythroid differentiation inducing activities on human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 672:30-7. [PMID: 21958870 PMCID: PMC3271358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The K562 cell line has been proposed as a useful experimental system to identify anti-tumor compounds acting by inducing terminal erythroid differentiation. K562 cells exhibit a low proportion of hemoglobin-synthesizing cells under standard cell growth conditions, but are able to undergo terminal erythroid differentiation when treated with a variety of anti-tumor compounds. In this paper we report a screening study on a set of different modified C(5) uracil derivatives for the evaluation of their antiproliferative effect in connection with erythroid differentiation pathways, and for defining a new class of drug candidates for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Activity of the derivatives tested can be classified in two effect: an antiproliferative effect linked to a high level of erythroid differentiation activity and an antiproliferative effect without activation of gamma globin genes The highest antiproliferative effect and erythroid induction was shown by compound 9, a thymine derivative bearing a n-octyl chain on nitrogen N(1), whereas thymine did not show any effect, suggesting the importance of the linear alkyl chain in position N(1). To our knowledge this compound should be considered among the most efficient inducers of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. This work is the starting point for the quest of more effective and specific drugs for the induction of terminal erythroid differentiation, for leading new insights in the treatment of neoplastic diseases with molecules acting by inducing differentiation rather than by simply exerting cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Brognara
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Division, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Sharma PK, Kumar M, Vats S. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of morpholinyl/piperazinylbenzothiazines. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Salvador A, Dall'Acqua S, Sardo MS, Caffieri S, Vedaldi D, Dall'Acqua F, Borgatti M, Zuccato C, Bianchi N, Gambari R. Erythroid induction of chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells following treatment with a photoproduct derived from the UV-A irradiation of 5-methoxypsoralen. ChemMedChem 2011; 5:1506-12. [PMID: 20645383 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Induction of terminal erythroid differentiation can be an efficient strategy to inhibit proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Psoralens, well-known photo-chemotherapeutic agents, were found to be efficient at inducing erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, an in vitro cell line isolated from the pleural effusion of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. The effects of crude pre-irradiated solutions of 5-methoxypsoralen on erythroid differentiation of human leukemic K-562 cells were evaluated. The major photoproduct was characterized and analyzed, and it was found to induce erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and inhibit NF-kappaB/DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Salvador
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35151, Padova, Italy
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Czyz M, Lesiak-Mieczkowska K, Koprowska K, Szulawska-Mroczek A, Wozniak M. Cell context-dependent activities of parthenolide in primary and metastatic melanoma cells. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1144-57. [PMID: 20590608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Growing evidence implicates NF-kappaB as an important contributor to metastasis and increased chemoresistance of melanoma. Here, we report the effects of parthenolide on either untreated, cisplatin- or TNFalpha-treated melanoma cell lines A375, 1205Lu and WM793, exhibiting different levels of constitutive NF-kappaB activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to assess changes in NF-kappaB activity, and real-time PCR to evaluate expression of NF-kappaB-regulated genes. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell death was also visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Migration was determined by scratch assay and invasiveness by Matrigel assay. KEY RESULTS Parthenolide suppressed both constitutive and induced NF-kappaB activity in melanoma cells. This was accompanied by down-regulation of cancer-related genes, with NF-kappaB-binding sites in their promoters, including: Bcl-X(L), survivin, cyclin D1, interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. When the various effects of 6 microM parthenolide were compared, apoptosis associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was most efficiently induced in 1205Lu cells, cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase was observed in WM793 cells, and high metastatic potential was markedly reduced in A375 cells. These findings not only reflected differences between melanoma cell lines in basal expression of NF-kappaB-regulated genes, but also suggested other parthenolide targets involved in cell cycle progression, migration, invasiveness and survival. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of constitutive and therapeutically induced NF-kappaB pathway by parthenolide might be useful in the treatment of melanoma, although the diversity of changes induced in melanoma cells with different genetic backgrounds indicate context-dependent poly-pharmacological properties of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Liu K, Xing H, Zhang S, Liu SM, Fung MC. Cucurbitacin D induces fetal hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells and human hematopoietic progenitors through activation of p38 pathway and stabilization of the γ-globin mRNA. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:269-75. [PMID: 20926322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel therapeutic candidates targeting fetal hemoglobin (HbF) activation to reduce the imbalance of globin genes is regarded as a promising approach for the clinical management of sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. For the first time, we identified cucurbitacin D (CuD), an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid, as a molecular entity inducing γ-globin gene expression and HbF synthesis in K562 cells and human hematopoietic progenitors from a β-thalassemia patient. CuD demonstrated a higher potency in HbF induction when compared with hydroxyurea, which was revealed by the evidence that CuD results in a higher fetal cell percentage and greater HbF content in K562 cells, in addition, to being less cytotoxic. Moreover, CuD also promotes higher HbF expression in primary erythroid cells. In the study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CuD's action, our data indicated that CuD-stimulated HbF synthesis was mediated by p38 pathway activation. At the post-transcriptional level, CuD treatment led to a significant elongation of the γ-globin mRNA half-life in K562 cells. Taken together, the results suggest that CuD may be a potential therapeutic agent for β-hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- Department of Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Yang M, Qian XH, Zhao DH, Fu SZ. Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on the erythroid lineage and microarray analysis in K562 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:242-250. [PMID: 19922785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), obtained from Astragalus membranaceus, displays a range of activities in many systems, including the promotion of immune responses, anti-inflammation, and the protection of vessels. It possesses potent pharmacological activity on differentiation to the erythroid lineage. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of APS on the erythroid differentiation and the mechanism of action by microarray analysis in K562 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Benzidine staining, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and microarray methods were used to survey the effects of APS on inducing erythroid differentiation and the changes of gene expression profile in K562 cells. RESULTS Of the 13.2% positive cells detected by benzidine staining, the induction was the highest with 200 microg/ml APS on 72h. Ggamma-mRNA expression and fetal hemoglobin synthesis were significantly up-regulated. Microarray analysis showed that 31 genes were up-regulated and 108 genes were down-regulated. These differential expression genes generally regulate protein binding, cellular metabolic process, the cell proliferation, and transcriptional activator activity. The gamma-globin gene was up-regulated, the genes related with erythroid differentiation such as LMO2, Runx1 and GTF2I were up-regulated, while Bklf, Eklf, EPHB4 and Sp1 were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Our studies indicate that APS indicate potent activities on the erythroid differentiation by modulating genes of LMO2, Klf1, Klf3, Runx1, EphB4 and Sp1, increasing gamma-globin mRNA expression and fetal hemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated Nanfang Medical University, 1838 Guang Zhou Da Dao North, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
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Spyrou P, Phylactides M, Lederer CW, Kithreotis L, Kirri A, Christou S, Kkolou E, Kanavakis E, Anagnou NP, Stamatoyannopoulos G, Kleanthous M. Compounds of the anthracycline family of antibiotics elevate human γ-globin expression both in erythroid cultures and in a transgenic mouse model. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sztiller-Sikorska M, Jakubowska J, Wozniak M, Stasiak M, Czyz M. A non-apoptotic function of caspase-3 in pharmacologically-induced differentiation of K562 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1451-62. [PMID: 19627286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several anticancer drugs with diverse chemical structures can induce differentiation of cancer cells. This study was undertaken to explore the potential contribution of caspase-3 to pharmacologically-induced differentiation of K562 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed differentiation by measuring the expression of glycophorin A and haemoglobin synthesis in K562 cells treated with low concentrations of doxorubicin, hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside, cisplatin and haemin. Caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and viability were assessed by FACS. GATA-1-binding activity was evaluated by EMSA. KEY RESULTS Treatment of K562 cells with low concentrations of the tested drugs activated caspase-3 but did not trigger detectable apoptosis. Instead, elevated levels of haemoglobin-positive and glycophorin A/caspase-3-double-positive cells were observed, suggesting involvement of caspase-3 in drug-induced differentiation. Inhibition of caspase-3 activity significantly reduced the ability of K562 cells to execute the differentiation programme. Mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation was observed, indicating involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. Binding activity of GATA-1, transcription factor responsible for differentiation and cell survival, was not diminished by increased caspase-3 activity during drug-stimulated differentiation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results could explain how anticancer drugs, with diverse structures and modes of action, can stimulate erythroid differentiation in leukaemic cells with appropriate genetic backgrounds. Our findings imply that some similarities exist between pharmacologically-induced differentiation of erythroleukaemic cells and normal erythropoiesis, both involving caspase-3 activation at high levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L) and chaperone protein Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70). Therefore, the functions of caspase-3, unrelated to cell death, can be extended to pharmacologically-induced differentiation of some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sztiller-Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Jakubowska J, Wasowska-Lukawska M, Czyz M. STI571 and morpholine derivative of doxorubicin collaborate in inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by inducing differentiation and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Czyz M, Jakubowska J, Sztiller-Sikorska M. STI571/doxorubicin concentration-dependent switch for diverse caspase actions in CML cell line K562. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1761-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Miernicka M, Szulawska A, Czyz M, Lorenz IP, Mayer P, Karwowski B, Budzisz E. Cytotoxic effect, differentiation, inhibition of growth and theoretical calculations of an N,N-donor ligands and its platinum(II), palladium(II) and copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:157-65. [PMID: 17868889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The new pyrazole ligand 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(2-pyridylo)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2) and the corresponding Pt(II), Pd(II) and Cu(II) complexes 3-5 have been synthesized as potential anticancer compounds, and characterized using IR, and (1)H NMR as well as mass spectrometry. The 3-D structures of the Cu(II) complexes were determined by quantum mechanic calculation DFT methodology (density functional theory). The cytotoxicity assay of the ligand and complexes has been performed on leukemia cell lines. In general, the complexes showed lower cytotoxicity than cisplatin, and the Pt(II) and Cu(II) complexes were found to be more efficient in the induction of leukemia cell death than the Pd(II) complex. Our investigations indicate that the antiproliferating activity of the Pt(II) and Cu(II) complexes was partly due to the modulation of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miernicka
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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