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Zhou X, Jiang J, Dang J, Wang Y, Hu R, Shen C, Zhao T, Sun D, Wang G, Zhang M. Intelligent Supramolecular Modification for Implants: Endogenous Regulation of Bone Defect Repair in Osteoporosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406227. [PMID: 39166701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Addressing osteoporosis-related bone defects, a supramolecular strategy is innovated for modifying carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites. By covalently attaching intelligent macromolecules via in situ RAFT polymerization, leveraging the unique pathological microenvironment in patients with iron-overloaded osteoporosis, intelligent supramolecular modified implant surface possesses multiple endogenous modulation capabilities. After implantation, surface brush-like macromolecules initially resist macrophage adhesion, thereby reducing the level of immune inflammation. Over time, the molecular chains undergo conformational changes due to Fe (III) mediated supramolecular self-assembly, transforming into mechanistic signals. These signals are then specifically transmitted to pre-osteoblast cell through the binding capacity of the KRSR short peptide at the molecular terminus, induced their osteogenic differentiation via the YAP/β-catenin signaling axis. Furthermore, osteoblasts secrete alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which significantly hydrolyzes phosphate ester bonds in surface macromolecular side groups, resulting in the release of alendronate (ALN). This process further improves the local osteoporotic microenvironment. This intelligent surface modification tailors bone repair to individual conditions, automatically realize multiple endogenous regulation once implanted, and truly realize spontaneous activation of a series of responses conducive to bone repair in vivo. It is evidenced by improved bone regeneration in iron-overloaded osteoporotic rabbits and supported by in vitro validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junbo Dang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dahui Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Bingul MB, Gul M, Dundar S, Bozoglan A, Kirtay M, Ozupek MF, Ozcan EC, Habek O, Tasdemir I. Effects of the Application Local Zoledronic Acid On Different Dental Implants in Rats On Osseointegration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2249-2256. [PMID: 38895174 PMCID: PMC11185166 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s459125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, a lot of research has been done around the world to popularize the osseointegration of dental implants. In this study, it was investigated the effect of local zoledronic acid application on implants with machined (MAC), resorbable blast materials (RBM), sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface implants integrated in rat tibias. Methodology A total of 60 female Wistar rats weighing between 270 and 300 g were used in the study. The rats were passing divided into six classes: controls; MAC (n = 10), RBM (n = 10), SLA (n = 10), and local zoledronic acid (LZA) applied groups; LZA-MAC (n = 10), LZA-RBM (n=10) and LZA-SLA (n = 10) and implants were surgically placement into rat tibias in general anesthesia. After a four-week experimental period, the biomechanical bone implant connection level was determined with reverse torque analysis. Results Osseointegration levels were detected highly in SLA and RBM surface compared with the machined surfaced implants in both control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, local application of zoledronic acid in both three groups; implants increased the biomechanic osseointegration level compared with the controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this research, we observe that the local application of the zoledronic acid could increase the osseointegration, and RBM and SLA surface could be better than machined surfaced implants in terms of bone implant connection. In addition, local application of zoledronic acid may be a safer method than systemic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Bahattin Bingul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harran University, Faculty of Dentistry, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Periodontology, Harran University, Faculty of Dentistry, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Dundar
- Department of Periodontology, Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Alihan Bozoglan
- Department of Periodontology, Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Kirtay
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammet Fatih Ozupek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Erhan Cahit Ozcan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Osman Habek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harran University, Faculty of Dentistry, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
| | - Ismail Tasdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University, Faculty of Dentistry, Karaman, Turkiye
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Di Vito A, Chiarella E, Sovereto J, Bria J, Perrotta ID, Salatino A, Baudi F, Sacco A, Antonelli A, Biamonte F, Barni T, Giudice A. Novel insights into the pharmacological modulation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by the amino-bisphosphonate Alendronate. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151354. [PMID: 37604089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alendronate (ALN) is a second-generation bisphosphonate widely used for osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone lesions. Many studies have confirmed a strong relationship between osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) development and oral bisphosphonates, especially ALN, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology have not yet been elucidated. The reduction in bone turnover and vascularization usually observed in ONJ are the result of ALN action on different cell types harboured in oral microenvironment, such as osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). In this perspective, the present study aims to investigate the effects of different ALN concentrations (2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM) on the phenotype and functional properties of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs). hPDLSCs showed a decrease in cell viability (MTT assay) only when treated with ALN concentration of 10 μM or larger for 48 h and 72 h. Cell cycle analysis revealed a moderate increase in proportion of S-phase cells after exposure to low ALN concentration (2-5 μM), an effect that was reverted after exposure to 10-50 μM ALN. Conversely, cell death was evidenced via Annexin V/PI assay at very high concentration of ALN (50 μM) after 4 days of treatment. In addition, we explored whether the effects of ALN on hPDLSCs growth and survival can be mediated by its ability to modulate oxidative stress. To this, we quantified the intracellular ROS amount and lipid peroxidation by using DCF probe and Bodipy staining, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ALN induced a dose-dependent reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation upon treatment with low concentrations at both 48 h and 72 h. Increased levels of oxidative stress was reported at 50 μM ALN and was also confirmed via TEM analysis. Despite the stability of the cellular immunophenotype, hPDLSCs showed impaired mobility after ALN exposure. Chronic exposure (7-14 days) to ALN in the range of 2-10 μM significantly decreased the expression of the differentiation-related factors ALP, RUNX2, COLI, and OPN as well as the osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs compared with untreated cells. Conversely, higher doses were found to be neutral. Our findings indicated that the effects of ALN on hPDLSCs behavior are dose-dependent and suggest a role for oxidative stress in ALN-induced cell death that may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Vito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Bria
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ida Daniela Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Baudi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tullio Barni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
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Wróblewska A, Szczygieł A, Szermer-Olearnik B, Pajtasz-Piasecka E. Macrophages as Promising Carriers for Nanoparticle Delivery in Anticancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4521-4539. [PMID: 37576466 PMCID: PMC10422973 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s421173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in the immune response due to their ability to recognize and remove pathogens, as well as present antigens, which are involved in inflammation, but they are also one of the most abundant immune cell populations present in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, macrophages have become promising cellular carriers for drug and nanoparticle delivery to the tumor microenvironment, mainly due to their natural properties such as biocompatibility, degradability, lack of immunogenicity, long half-life in circulation, crossing biological barriers, and the possibility of migration and accumulation at a site of inflammation such as a tumor. For the effectiveness of this therapeutic strategy, known as "Trojan horse", it is important that the nanoparticles engulfed by macrophages do not affect their proper functioning. In our review, we discussed how the size, shape, chemical and mechanical properties of nanoparticles influence their internalization by macrophages. In addition, we described the promising research utilizing macrophages, their cell membranes and macrophage-derived exosomes as drug carriers in anticancer therapy. As a prospect of the wider use of this therapeutic strategy, we postulate its future application in boron delivery to the tumor environment in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wróblewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szczygieł
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Szermer-Olearnik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pajtasz-Piasecka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Klara J, Onak S, Kowalczyk A, Horak W, Wójcik K, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J. Towards Controlling the Local Bone Tissue Remodeling-Multifunctional Injectable Composites for Osteoporosis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054959. [PMID: 36902390 PMCID: PMC10002562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alendronate (ALN) is the most commonly prescribed oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate for osteoporosis therapy. However, its administration is associated with serious side effects. Therefore, the drug delivery systems (DDS) enabling local administration and localized action of that drug are still of great importance. Herein, a novel multifunctional DDS system based on the hydroxyapatite-decorated mesoporous silica particles (MSP-NH2-HAp-ALN) embedded into collagen/chitosan/chondroitin sulfate hydrogel for simultaneous osteoporosis treatment and bone regeneration is proposed. In such a system, the hydrogel serves as a carrier for the controlled delivery of ALN at the site of implantation, thus limiting potential adverse effects. The involvement of MSP-NH2-HAp-ALN in the crosslinking process was established, as well as the ability of hybrids to be used as injectable systems. We have shown that the attachment of MSP-NH2-HAp-ALN to the polymeric matrix provides a prolonged ALN release (up to 20 days) and minimizes the initial burst effect. It was revealed that obtained composites are effective osteoconductive materials capable of supporting the osteoblast-like cell (MG-63) functions and inhibiting osteoclast-like cell (J7741.A) proliferation in vitro. The purposely selected biomimetic composition of these materials (biopolymer hydrogel enriched with the mineral phase) allows their biointegration (in vitro study in the simulated body fluid) and delivers the desired physicochemical features (mechanical, wettability, swellability). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the composites in in vitro experiments was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klara
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Horak
- Department of Machine Design and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Wójcik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Insight into the Molecule Impact of Critical-Sized UHMWPE-ALN Wear Particles on Cells by the Alginate-Encapsulated Cell Reactor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043510. [PMID: 36834920 PMCID: PMC9967683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wear particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are inevitable during service as joint prosthesis, and particles ≤ 10 μm with critical size could cause serious osteolysis and aseptic loosening of joint prosthesis. The aim of this study is to adopt the alginate-encapsulated cell reactor to investigate the molecular impact of critical-sized wear particles of UHMWPE loaded with alendronate sodium (UHMWPE-ALN) on cells. Results showed that compared with UHMWPE wear particles, UHMWPE-ALN wear particles inhibited the proliferation of macrophages significantly after being co-cultured for 1, 4, 7, and 14 d. Furthermore, the released ALN promoted early apoptosis, suppressed the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 of macrophages, and down-regulated relative gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and RANK. In addition, compared with UHMWPE wear particles, UHMWPE-ALN wear particles promoted the ALP activity of osteoblasts, down-regulated the gene expression of RANKL, and up-regulated gene expression of osteoprotegerin. There were mainly two approaches of the effects of critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles on cells, one of which was cytology and the other was cytokine signal pathway. The former mainly affected the proliferation and activity of macrophages and osteoblasts. The latter would inhibit osteoclasts via cytokine and RANKL/RANK signal pathway. Thus, UHMWPE-ALN had the potential application in clinics to treat osteolysis induced by wear particles.
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Varenna M, Gatti D, Zucchi F, Crotti C, Braga V, Iolascon G, Frediani B, Nannipieri F, Rossini M. Long-term efficacy and safety of neridronate treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a pre-specified, open-label, extension study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221142274. [PMID: 36569491 PMCID: PMC9772942 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221142274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No data on the permanent and curative effect of bisphosphonate treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type-1 (CRPS-1) are currently available. The aim of this pre-specified, open-label, observational study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of neridronate treatment. Design A pre-specified, open-label, extension study. Methods Patients treated with intramuscular (IM) placebo in the double-blind phase of the study were assigned to 100 mg intravenous (IV) neridronate treatment administered 4 times over 10 days. These patients, together with those previously treated with 400 mg IM neridronate, were followed for 1 year. Efficacy was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. Changes in clinical signs and symptoms, quality of life (QoL) using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were also assessed. Results Benefits on pain, clinical and functional measures were maintained and further improved over 12 months in most patients treated with neridronate administered either IM or IV. In IM-treated patients, the percentage of those defined as responders (VAS score reduction ≥ 50%) progressively increased up to day 360 to 32 of 35 patients (91.4%). Among the 27 patients referred to as responders at the end of the double-blind phase, 26 reported the same result at day 360 (96.3%). In IV-treated patients, a responder rate of 88% (22 out 25) was found at day 360 (p = 0.66 between groups). Consistent improvements were also observed for all clinical signs and functional questionnaire. No drug-related adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion In patients with acute CRPS-1, the benefit in pain, clinical, and functional measures observed a few weeks after neridronate treatment administered either IM or IV is maintained and further improved over 12 months. Parenteral neridronate induces permanent disease remission preventing chronic pain and motor dysfunction. Trial registration EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT Number): 2014-001156-28.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Gatti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Zucchi
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Rossini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Newman H, Hoque J, Shih YRV, Marushack G, Ko U, Gonzales G, Varghese S. pH-Sensitive nanocarrier assisted delivery of adenosine to treat osteoporotic bone loss. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5340-5355. [PMID: 35929516 PMCID: PMC9894097 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling via osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. An imbalance in this process with enhanced osteoclastic activity can lead to excessive bone resorption, resulting in bone thinning. Once activated, osteoclasts bind to the bone surface and acidify the local niche. This acidic environment could serve as a potential trigger for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the osteoporotic bone tissue. To this end, we developed a pH-responsive nanocarrier-based drug delivery system that binds to the bone tissue and delivers an osteoanabolic molecule, adenosine. Adenosine is incorporated into a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanocarrier through a pH-sensitive ketal group. The HA-nanocarrier is further functionalized with alendronate moieties to improve binding to the bone tissues. Systemic administration of the nanocarrier containing adenosine attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized mice and showed comparable bone qualities to that of healthy mice. Delivery of osteoanabolic small molecules that can contribute to bone formation and inhibit excessive osteoclast activity by leveraging the tissue-specific milieu could serve as viable therapeutics for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Newman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yu-Ru V Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gabrielle Marushack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Unghyeon Ko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gavin Gonzales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Nakamura M, Ueda K, Yamamoto Y, Aoki K, Zhang M, Saito N, Yudasaka M. Bisphosphonate type-dependent cell viability suppressive effects of carbon nanohorn-calcium phosphate-bisphosphonate nanocomposites. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6037-6048. [PMID: 36073144 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the process of bone metastasis, tumor cells spread to the bones to activate osteoclasts, which cause pathological bone resorption and destruction. Bisphosphonates (BPs) inhibit osteoclast activation to resorb bone, reducing bone pain and fracture. We previously developed a nanocomposite for potential localized treatment of bone metastasis by loading a BP compound, ibandronate, onto oxidized carbon nanohorns (OxCNHs), a next-generation drug carrier, using calcium phosphates (CaPs) as mediators to generate OxCNH-CaP-BP nanocomposites. The objective of the present study was to determine nanocomposite formation and biological properties of nanocomposites constructed from two BPs, zoledronate and pamidronate. In vitro tests using murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and osteoclasts differentiated from RAW264.7 cells revealed that the resulting OxCNH-CaP-BP nanocomposites suppressed cell viability in a BP type-dependent manner and more effectively than OxCNHs or BPs alone. The mechanism for the potent and BP type-dependent suppression of cell viability by OxCNH-CaP-BP nanocomposites, based on their relative cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species generation, is also discussed. The present study supports the conclusions that BPs can be loaded onto OxCNHs using CaPs as mediators, and that OxCNH-CaP-BP nanocomposites are putative medicines for localized treatment of metastatic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nakamura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Masako Yudasaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
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Cellular Carcinogenesis: Role of Polarized Macrophages in Cancer Initiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112811. [PMID: 35681791 PMCID: PMC9179569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation is a hallmark of many cancers. Macrophages are key participants in innate immunity and important drivers of inflammation. When chronically polarized beyond normal homeostatic responses to infection, injury, or aging, macrophages can express several pro-carcinogenic phenotypes. In this review, evidence supporting polarized macrophages as endogenous sources of carcinogenesis is discussed. In addition, the depletion or modulation of macrophages by small molecule inhibitors and probiotics are reviewed as emerging strategies in cancer prevention. Abstract Inflammation is an essential hallmark of cancer. Macrophages are key innate immune effector cells in chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Parainflammation is a form of subclinical inflammation associated with a persistent DNA damage response. Inflammaging represents low-grade inflammation due to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that occur with aging. Whether induced by infection, injury, or aging, immune dysregulation and chronic macrophage polarization contributes to cancer initiation through the production of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and genotoxins and by modulating immune surveillance. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical evidence for polarized macrophages as endogenous cellular carcinogens in the context of chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Emerging strategies for cancer prevention, including small molecule inhibitors and probiotic approaches, that target macrophage function and phenotype are also discussed.
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11
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Leveraging macrophages for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114136. [PMID: 35143894 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As fundamental immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity, macrophages engage in a double-edged relationship with cancer. Dissecting the character of macrophages in cancer development facilitates the emergence of macrophages-based new strategies that encompass macrophages as theranostic targets/tools of interest for treating cancer. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the mixed roles of macrophages in cancer pathogenesis and invasion as a foundation for the review discussions. We survey the latest progress on macrophage-based cancer theranostic strategies, emphasizing two major strategies, including targeting the endogenous tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and engineering the adoptive macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive environment and augment the cancer theranostic efficacy. We also discuss and provide insights on the major challenges along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based cancer theranostic approaches.
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12
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Batoon L, McCauley LK. Cross Talk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells in the Bone Metastatic Environment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763846. [PMID: 34803925 PMCID: PMC8597897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a common site for cancer metastases with the bone microenvironment providing the appropriate conditions for cancer cell colonization. Once in bone, cancer cells effectively manipulate their microenvironment to support their growth and survival. Despite previous efforts to improve treatment modalities, skeletal metastases remain with poor prognoses. This warrants an improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to bone metastasis that will aid development of effective treatments. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are termed tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their crosstalk with cancer cells is critical in regulating tumorigenicity in multiple cancers. In bone metastases, this crosstalk is also being increasingly implicated but the specific signaling pathways remain incompletely understood. Here, we summarize the reported functions, interactions, and signaling of macrophages with cancer cells during the metastatic cascade to bone. Specifically, we review and discuss how these specific interactions impact macrophages and their profiles to promote tumor development. We also discuss the potential of targeting this crosstalk to inhibit disease progression. Finally, we identify the remaining knowledge gaps that will need to be addressed in order to fully consider therapeutic targeting to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Bones and Immunology Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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13
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Gilarska A, Hinz A, Bzowska M, Dyduch G, Kamiński K, Nowakowska M, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J. Addressing the Osteoporosis Problem-Multifunctional Injectable Hybrid Materials for Controlling Local Bone Tissue Remodeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49762-49779. [PMID: 34643364 PMCID: PMC8554765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional biomimetic injectable hybrid systems were synthesized. The physicochemical as well as biological in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that they are promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration. The hybrids are composed of a biopolymeric collagen/chitosan/hyaluronic acid matrix and amine group-functionalized silica particles decorated with apatite to which the alendronate molecules were coordinated. The components of these systems were integrated and stabilized by cross-linking with genipin, a compound of natural origin. They can be precisely injected into the diseased tissue in the form of a viscous sol or a partially cross-linked hydrogel, where they can serve as scaffolds for locally controlled bone tissue regeneration/remodeling by supporting the osteoblast formation/proliferation and maintaining the optimal osteoclast level. These materials lack systemic toxicity. They can be particularly useful for the repair of small osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gilarska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Hinz
- Department
of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bzowska
- Department
of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Department
of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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14
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Chang YC, Li J, Mirhaidari G, Zbinden J, Barker J, Blum K, Reinhardt J, Best C, Kelly J, Shoji T, Yi T, Breuer C. Zoledronate alters natural progression of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21849. [PMID: 34473380 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001606rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a critical driver of neovessel formation in tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), but also contribute to graft stenosis, a leading clinical trial complication. Macrophage depletion via liposomal delivery of clodronate, a first-generation bisphosphonate, mitigates stenosis, but simultaneously leads to a complete lack of tissue development in TEVGs. This result and the associated difficulty of utilizing liposomal delivery means that clodronate may not be an ideal means of preventing graft stenosis. Newer generation bisphosphonates, such as zoledronate, may have differential effects on graft development with more facile drug delivery. We sought to examine the effect of zoledronate on TEVG neotissue formation and its potential application for mitigating TEVG stenosis. Thus, mice implanted with TEVGs received zoledronate or no treatment and were monitored by serial ultrasound for graft dilation and stenosis. After two weeks, TEVGs were explanted for histological examination. The overall graft area and remaining graft material (polyglycolic-acid) were higher in the zoledronate treatment group. These effects were associated with a corresponding decrease in macrophage infiltration. In addition, zoledronate affected the deposition of collagen in TEVGs, specifically, total and mature collagen. These differences may be, in part, explained by a depletion of leukocytes within the bone marrow that subsequently led to a decrease in the number of tissue-infiltrating macrophages. TEVGs from zoledronate-treated mice demonstrated a significantly greater degree of smooth muscle cell presence. There was no statistical difference in graft patency between treatment and control groups. While zoledronate led to a decrease in the number of macrophages in the TEVGs, the severity of stenosis appears to have increased significantly. Zoledronate treatment demonstrates that the process of smooth muscle cell-mediated neointimal hyperplasia may occur separately from a macrophage-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Junlang Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriel Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jenny Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron Best
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Kelly
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshihiro Shoji
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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15
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Tan Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Ge S, Zhong F, Xia G, Sun C. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693517. [PMID: 34178692 PMCID: PMC8222665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, an important class of innate immune cells that maintain body homeostasis and ward off foreign pathogens, exhibit a high degree of plasticity and play a supportive role in different tissues and organs. Thus, dysfunction of macrophages may contribute to advancement of several diseases, including cancer. Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment are known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which typically promote cancer cell initiation and proliferation, accelerate angiogenesis, and tame anti-tumor immunity to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Massive infiltration of TAMs or enrichment of TAM-related markers usually indicates cancer progression and a poor prognosis, and consequently tumor immunotherapies targeting TAMs have gained significant attention. Here, we review the interaction between TAMs and cancer cells, discuss the origin, differentiation and phenotype of TAMs, and highlight the role of TAMs in pro-cancer functions such as tumor initiation and development, invasive metastasis, and immunosuppression. Finally, we review therapies targeting TAMs, which are very promising therapeutic strategies for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tan
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyang Ge
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Xia
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Prognostic significance and targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancer: new insights and future perspectives. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:539-555. [PMID: 33661479 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic sentinel cells of the immune system that are central to both innate and adaptive immune responses and serve as the first line of defense against pathogenic insults to tissues. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-derived factors induce monocyte polarization towards a pro-tumor phenotype. The pro-tumor macrophages regulate key steps in tumorigenicity including tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis. Macrophage infiltration in solid tumors correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in most cancers. Here in this review, we will shed light on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in regulating tumorigenicity and TAMs as a prognostic biomarker. Also, we will review the recent advances in targeting TAMs to increase the prognosis of cancer patients.
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17
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Nakamura M, Ueda K, Yamamoto Y, Aoki K, Zhang M, Saito N, Yudasaka M. Ibandronate-Loaded Carbon Nanohorns Fabricated Using Calcium Phosphates as Mediators and Their Effects on Macrophages and Osteoclasts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3701-3712. [PMID: 33406818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanohorns (CNHs), a type of nanocarbon, have been studied for the application of drug delivery systems (DDSs) because they are easily functionalized, support bone regeneration, can be used to perform photohyperthermia, have low toxicity, and are easily phagocytosed by macrophages. To take advantage of these features of CNHs, we developed a DDS for the local treatment of bone metastasis by loading the antibone resorption drug ibandronate (IBN) onto CNHs. The poor adsorption of IBN onto CNHs due to the weak hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction was overcome by using calcium phosphates (CaPs) as mediators. In the fabrication process, we used oxidized CNH (OxCNH), which is less hydrophobic, onto which IBN was coprecipitated with CaP from a labile supersaturated CaP solution. OxCNH-CaP-IBN composite nanoparticles exerted stronger cell-suppressive effects than OxCNH and IBN in both murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and osteoclasts (differentiated from RAW264.7 cells). OxCNH-CaP-IBN composite nanoparticles were efficiently phagocytosed by macrophage cells, where they specifically accumulated in lysosomes. The stronger cell-suppressive effects were likely due to intracellular delivery of IBN, i.e., the release of IBN from OxCNH-CaP-IBN composite nanoparticles via dissociation of CaP in the acidic environment of lysosomes. Our findings suggest that OxCNH-CaP-IBN composite nanoparticles are potentially useful for the local treatment of metastatic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nakamura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Minfang Zhang
- CNT Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masako Yudasaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
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18
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Salah A, Li Y, Wang H, Qi N, Wu Y. Macrophages as a Double-Edged Weapon: The Use of Macrophages in Cancer Immunotherapy and Understanding the Cross-Talk Between Macrophages and Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:429-440. [PMID: 33481665 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mϕs) play an essential role in maintaining body homeostasis. They perform dual functions produced by different subtypes. Mϕs not only fight against pathogens and foreign bodies such as bacteria or cancer cells but also participate in healing and repairing damaged tissue since they maintain both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects sequentially. Tumors possess the ability to polarize Mϕs from proinflammatory M1 subtype to anti-inflammatory M2-like Mϕs called tumor-associated macrophages, which, in turn, help the tumors to acquire cancer hallmarks. Consequently, this polarization allows tumors to grow and spread. In this light, Mϕs have been a subject of intense study, and researchers have developed protocols to derive different Mϕs subtypes either as a new state-of-the-art therapeutic approach or to understand the cross-talk between cancer and Mϕs. In this review, we present the use of primary Mϕs in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer, illustrate the reciprocating interplay between cancer and Mϕs, and the resulting structural and functional change on both cell types. Furthermore, we summarize the recent cutting-edge approaches of using Mϕs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nianmin Qi
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Macrophage apoptosis using alendronate in targeted nanoarchaeosomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:42-54. [PMID: 33440242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoarchaeosomes are non-hydrolysable nanovesicles made of archaeolipids, naturally functionalised with ligand for scavenger receptor class 1. We hypothesized that nitrogenate bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN) loaded nanoarchaeosomes (nanoarchaeosomes(ALN)) may constitute more efficient macrophage targeted apoptotic inducers than ALN loaded nanoliposomes (nanoliposomes (ALN)). To that aim, ALN was loaded in cholesterol containing (nanoARC-chol(ALN)) or not (nanoARC(ALN)) nanoarchaeosomes. Nanoarchaeosomes(ALN) (220-320 nm sized, ~ -40 mV ξ potential, 38-50 μg ALN/mg lipid ratio) displayed higher structural stability than nanoliposomes(ALN) of matching size and ξ potential, retaining most of ALN against a 1/200 folds dilution. The cytotoxicity of nanoARC(ALN) on J774A.1 cells, resulted > 30 folds higher than free ALN and nanoliposomes(ALN) and was reduced by cholesterol in nanoARC-chol(ALN). Devoid of ALN, nanoARC-chol was non-cytotoxic, exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory activity on J774.1 cells, strongly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-6 induced by LPS. Nanoarchaeosomes bilayer extensively interacted with serum proteins but resulted refractory to phospholipases. Upon J774A.1 cells uptake, nanoarchaeosomes induced cytoplasmic acid vesicles, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential by 20-40 % without consuming ATP neither damaging lysosomes and increasing pERK. Refractory to chemoenzymatic attacks, either void or drug loaded, nanoarchaeosomes induced either anti-inflammation or macrophages apoptosis, constituting promising targeted nanovesicles for multiple therapeutic purposes.
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20
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Patntirapong S, Korjai N, Matchimapiro M, Sungkaruk P, Suthamporn Y. Geranylgeraniol reverses alendronate-induced MC3T3 cell cytotoxicity and alteration of osteoblast function via cell cytoskeletal maintenance. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:191-199. [PMID: 33164239 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alendronate (ALN) is a bisphosphonate, which is prescribed as an anti-osteoporotic drug. ALN has been shown to increase osteoblast cell death and decrease bone mineralization. ALN inhibits a key regulatory enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, consequently reducing geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be converted to GGPP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous GGOH on MC3T3 cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton under ALN treatment. METHODS MC3T3 cells and osteoblast precursors, were incubated with ALN (0-50 µmol/L) and GGOH (0-50 µmol/L). After treatment, cells were evaluated for cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton by MTT, flow cytometry, alizarin red S assay, and fluorescent microscopy, respectively. RESULTS ALN reduced cell viability and bone nodule formation in a dose-dependent manner. GGOH partially inhibited the negative effects of ALN on cell viability and function. ALN increased the percentages of cell apoptosis and necrosis and arrested cells in G2M phase. Co-incubation with GGOH partially reduced late cell apoptosis and rescued cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ALN altered MC3T3 morphology and decreased cell area, actin stress fiber density as well as nuclear area. GGOH abolished the effect of ALN on cell area, actin stress fiber density, and nuclear area. CONCLUSIONS GGOH partially inhibited negative effects of ALN on cell viability, cell cycle, function, and cell cytoskeleton. It might be an additional option for increasing osteoblast function and reducing apoptosis of osteoblasts in the condition treated with low bisphosphonate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nareerat Korjai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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21
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Koo J, Hayashi M, Verneris MR, Lee-Sherick AB. Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Pediatric Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581107. [PMID: 33381449 PMCID: PMC7769312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For many pediatric sarcoma patients, multi-modal therapy including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery is sufficient to cure their disease. However, event-free and overall survival rates for patients with more advanced disease are grim, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Within many pediatric sarcomas, the normal immune response, including recognition and destruction of cancer cells, is lost due to the highly immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this setting, tumor cells evade immune detection and capitalize on the immune suppressed microenvironment, leading to unchecked proliferation and metastasis. Recent preclinical and clinical approaches are aimed at understanding this immune suppressive microenvironment and employing cancer immunotherapy in an attempt to overcome this, by renewing the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. While there are several factors that drive the attenuation of immune responses in the sarcoma TME, one of the most remarkable are tumor associated macrophage (TAMs). TAMs suppress immune cytolytic function, promote tumor growth and metastases, and are generally associated with a poor prognosis in most pediatric sarcoma subtypes. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying TAM-facilitated immune evasion and tumorigenesis and discuss the potential therapeutic application of TAM-focused drugs in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Koo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Masanori Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alisa B Lee-Sherick
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Yambe N, Tamai R, Mashima I, Kiyoura Y. Etidronate down-regulates Toll-like receptor 2 ligand-induced chemokine production by inhibiting MyD88 expression and NF-κB activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 43:51-57. [PMID: 33251898 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1850761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pretreatment of J774.1 cells with etidronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP) used as an antibone resorptive drug, was previously reported to inhibit Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonist-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. The present study aimed to examine the effects of etidronate on chemokine production by human monocytic U937 cells incubated with Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 ligand) and lipid A (a TLR4 ligand). METHODS U937 cells were pretreated with or without etidronate, and then incubated with or without Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. Levels of secreted human interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in culture supernatants and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in supernatants. Expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and MyD88 was analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Etidronate down-regulated IL-8 and MCP-1 production and NF-κB p65 activation induced by Pam3CSK4, but not lipid A, in U937 cells. Etidronate also inhibited MyD88 expression in U937 cells incubated with Pam3CSK4. CONCLUSION Etidronate down-regulates IL-8 and MCP-1 production in U937 cells by inhibiting both the expression of MyD88 and activation of NF-κB p65 in the TLR2, but not TLR4, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Yambe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Izumi Mashima
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
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23
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Zhang SY, Song XY, Li Y, Ye LL, Zhou Q, Yang WB. Tumor-associated macrophages: A promising target for a cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105111. [PMID: 33065284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, a type of myeloid immune cell, play essential roles in fighting against pathogenic invasion and activating T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. As a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophages play a complex role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. They can inhibit tumor growth by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and exerting cytotoxic activities but principally contribute to tumor progression by promoting tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The tumor-promoting hallmarks of macrophages have aroused widespread interest in targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for cancer immunotherapy. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TAMs are a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. To date, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies have mainly been divided into two kinds: inhibiting pro-tumor TAMs and activating anti-tumor TAMs. We reviewed the heterogeneous and plastic characteristics of macrophages in the TME and the feasible strategies to target TAMs in cancer immunotherapy and summarized the complementary effect of TAM-targeted therapy with traditional treatments or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Wei-Bing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Torres-Huerta A, Chan TG, White AJP, Vilar R. Molecular recognition of bisphosphonate-based drugs by di-zinc receptors in aqueous solution and on gold nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5939-5948. [PMID: 32314772 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based anion receptors have several important applications in sensing, separation and transport of negatively charged species. Amongst these receptors, di-zinc(ii) complexes are of particular interest for the recognition of oxoanions, in particular phosphate derivatives. Herein we report the synthesis of a di-zinc(ii) receptor and show that it has high affinity and selectivity for bisphosphonates such as alendronate and etidronate - which are used to treat a number of skeletal disorders as well as showing interesting anticancer properties. The binding mode of the di-zinc(ii) receptor with alendronate and etidronate has been unambiguously established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. In addition, by modifying the backbone of the receptor, we show that the drug-loaded receptor can be attached onto gold nanoparticles as potential drug-delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Torres-Huerta
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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Gambardella V, Castillo J, Tarazona N, Gimeno-Valiente F, Martínez-Ciarpaglini C, Cabeza-Segura M, Roselló S, Roda D, Huerta M, Cervantes A, Fleitas T. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer development and their potential as a therapeutic target. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102015. [PMID: 32248000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Molecular biology has become a central area of research in GC and there are currently at least three major classifications available to elucidate the mechanisms that drive GC oncogenesis. Further, tumor microenvironment seems to play a crucial role, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are emerging as key players in GC development. TAMs are cells derived from circulating chemokine- receptor-type 2 (CCR2) inflammatory monocytes in blood and can be divided into two main types, M1 and M2 TAMs. M2 TAMs play an important role in tumor progression, promoting a pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive signal in the tumor. The diffuse GC subtype, in particular, seems to be strongly characterized by an immuno-suppressive and pro-angiogenic phenotype. No molecular targets in this subgroup have yet been identified. There is an urgent need to understand the molecular pathways and tumor microenvironment features in the GC molecular subtypes. The role of anti-angiogenics and checkpoint inhibitors has recently been clinically validated in GC. Both ramucirumab, a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antibody, and checkpoint inhibitors in Epstein Bar Virus (EBV) and Microsatellite Instable (MSI) subtypes, have proved beneficial in advanced GC. Nevertheless, there is a need to identify predictive markers of response to anti-angiogenics and immunotherapy in clinical practice for a personalized treatment approach. The importance of M2 TAMs in development of solid tumors is currently gaining increasing interest. In this literature review we analyze immune microenvironment composition and signaling related to M1 and M2 TAMs in GC as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Tarazona
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Gimeno-Valiente
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Ciarpaglini
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Spain
| | - M Cabeza-Segura
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Roselló
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Roda
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Huerta
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Fleitas
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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MPMBP down-regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting NF-κB but not AP-1 activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are two sides of the same coin paid for obesity. Nutrition 2020; 70:110486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sun B, Gillard M, Wu Y, Wu P, Xu ZP, Gu W. Bisphosphonate Stabilized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Effective Delivery of Plasmid DNA to Macrophages. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:986-996. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yanheng Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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La-Beck NM, Liu X, Shmeeda H, Shudde C, Gabizon AA. Repurposing amino-bisphosphonates by liposome formulation for a new role in cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:175-185. [PMID: 31874280 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have been commercially available for over four decades and are used for the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and bone metastases derived from various cancer types. Zoledronate and alendronate, two of the most potent N-BPs, have demonstrated direct tumoricidal activity on tumor cells and immune modulatory effects on myeloid cells and T cells in vitro and in animal models of cancer. However, the rapid renal clearance and sequestration in mineral bone of these drugs in free form severely limit their systemic exposure and applications in cancer patients. Reformulation of N-BPs by encapsulation in liposomal nanoparticles addresses these pharmacokinetic barriers, and liposomal zoledronate and alendronate formulations have been found to increase the anticancer efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapies and adoptive T cell immunotherapies in murine cancer models. Herein, we review the differences in pharmacology between N-BPs versus non-N-BPs (e.g., clodronate), free versus liposomal N-BP formulations, and targeted versus non-targeted liposomal N-BPs, and the clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a role for liposomal N-BPs in the treatment of cancer. We propose that pegylated liposomal alendronate (PLA) has the most potential for clinical translation based on favorable therapeutic index, ability to passively target and accumulate in tumors, proven biocompatibility of the liposome carrier, and preclinical anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, 1718 Pine St, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, 1718 Pin. St, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Center of Nano-oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Claire Shudde
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, 1718 Pine St, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
| | - Alberto A Gabizon
- Center of Nano-oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-School of Medicine, POB 3235, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel.
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Cicco SR, Vona D, Leone G, De Giglio E, Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Fiore S, Palumbo F, Ragni R, Farinola GM. In vivo functionalization of diatom biosilica with sodium alendronate as osteoactive material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Goldeman W, Mrówczyńska E, Wietrzyk J. Biological effects of aromatic bis[aminomethylidenebis(phosphonic)] acids in osteoclast precursors in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1835-1848. [PMID: 31356729 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) inhibit bone resorption by preventing osteoclast activity. Most clinically used BPs are hydroxybisphosphonates with the exception of incadronate, which belongs to the class of aminomethylidenebisphosphonic acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of two previously reported aminobisphosphonates (WG8185B2 and WG9001B) in combination with doxorubicin and cisplatin toward J774E cells (a model of osteoclast precursors in vitro). WG8185B2 and WG9001B BPs enhanced the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and cisplatin, especially when applied 24 hr prior to cytostatics. The antiproliferative effect of studied BPs was related to the changes in cell cycle progression. WG8185B2 leads to significant accumulation of J774E cells in S phase, whereas WG9001B causes transient arrest in G2 /M phase, followed by an increase in the percentage of cells in S phase. Moreover, WG8185B2 and WG9001B BPs showed enhanced proapoptotic activity in osteoclast precursors, which was manifested by an increase in caspase-3 activity and percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition, both compounds influenced the motility of J774E cells. The exact molecular mechanism of action of examined BPs remains to be determined; however, results show an interesting biological activity of these compounds, which may be of interest in the context of antiresorptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrówczyńska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland
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Patntirapong S, Phupunporn P, Vanichtantiphong D, Thanetchaloempong W. Inhibition of macrophage viability by bound and free bisphosphonates. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:400-406. [PMID: 30851978 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). After administration, 50% of BPs in the circulation rapidly binds to calcium phosphate of bone. Two forms, bound and free BPs, may affect cells residing in bone including macrophages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of bound and free BPs on macrophage viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biomaterials coated with BPs were used as a model to investigate the effect of bound BPs. For free BPs, RAW cells were plated on uncoated materials and BPs were added into the media. Cell viability and number were investigated by MTT assay and nuclei staining, respectively. Furthermore, coating and washing media were collected and were used to examine cell viability. RESULTS RAW cells grew on biomaterials for 7 days. At 3 days, free and calcium-bound BPs significantly decreased cell viability and cell number compared to control. Coating media collected from pre-incubation with BP-coated composite materials reduced macrophage cell viability. CONCLUSION This study showed that macrophages were directly affected by bound and free BPs. The presence of macrophages is mandatory for bone healing, thus the inhibition of cell viability might serve as an etiology of BRONJ.
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Preclinical evaluation of an innovative anti-TAM approach based on zoledronate-loaded erythrocytes. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1355-1364. [PMID: 30014237 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are implicated in cancer sustainment, metastasis, and drug resistance, raising a growing interest as targets in cancer therapy. Since the bisphosphonate zoledronate has proven to affect TAMs' functions, the anti-tumor effect of single or repeated administrations of red blood cells (RBCs) encapsulating zoledronate was evaluated in a mouse model of mammary carcinoma. The obtained results showed that loaded RBCs, but not free zoledronate, caused a significant (p < 0.01) and time-lasting reduction of TAMs' extent in tumor mass of Balb/C mice inoculated with murine mammary carcinoma T41 cells; in addition, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of tumor growth rate has been obtained only following repeated administrations of zoledronate-loaded RBCs. The anti-tumor effect was secondary to the early depletion of spleen macrophages. Moreover, by assessing the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, a prevalence of Th1 cytotoxic response in tumor-bearing mice receiving zoledronate by means of RBCs has been observed. These encouraging findings provide further evidence for the central role played by macrophages in tumor setting and highlight the suitability of zoledronate-loaded RBCs as pharmacological agents in depleting, even if indirectly, TAMs and, thus, their eligibility as part of a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages promote cancer initiation and malignant progression by stimulating angiogenesis, increasing tumour cell migration, invasion and intravasation and suppressing antitumour immunity. At metastatic sites, macrophages promote tumour cell extravasation, survival and subsequent growth. Each of these pro-tumoural activities is promoted by a subpopulation of macrophages that express canonical markers but have unique transcriptional profiles, which makes tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) good targets for anticancer therapy in humans through either their ablation or their re-differentiation away from pro-tumoural towards antitumoural states. In this Review, we evaluate the state of the art of TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on the limitations and potential side effects of the different therapies such as toxicity, rebound effects and compensatory mechanisms. We provide an extensive overview of the different types of therapy used in the clinic and their limitations in light of known macrophage biology and propose new strategies for targeting TAMs.
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Yazıcı T, Koçer G, Nazıroğlu M, Övey İS, Öz A. Zoledronic Acid, Bevacizumab and Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Calcium Signaling Are Decreased in Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Line by Selenium Treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:358-368. [PMID: 29081061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracellular free calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration induces excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis. Medical procedures such as zoledronic acid (Zol), bevacizumab (Bev), and dexamethasone (Dex) are usually used in the treatment of bone diseases (osteoporosis, Paget's disease, etc.) and to prevent metastasis in the bone although the procedures induce osteonecrosis of the jaw through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we observed regulator roles of selenium (Se) on apoptosis and Ca2+ entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in the cancer cell lines. Therefore, Se may modulate Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of TRPV1 channel. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of Se on apoptosis and oxidative stress through TRPV1 in Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteoblast-like cell line. We used human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2), and the cells were divided into 12 groups as control, Zol, Bev, Dex, Se, Zol+Se, Bev+Se, Dex+Se, Zol+Dex, Zol+Dex+Se, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Bev+Se which were incubated with drugs (Zol, Bev, Dex, and Se) for 24 h. The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was increased by Zol, Bev, Dex, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Dex, although it was reduced by Se treatment. However, Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced increase in apoptosis, caspase 3, caspase 9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression levels, and intracellular ROS production values in the cells were decreased by Se treatments. In conclusion, we observed that Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium signaling are decreased in human osteoblast-like cell line by the Se treatment. Our findings may be relevant to the etiology and treatment of Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteonecrosis by Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Yazıcı
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Gülperi Koçer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İshak Suat Övey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Ahmi Öz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Zhang J, Park J, Lee JW, Kwon YD, Kim EC. Bisphosphonates hinder osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation in the maxillary sinus mucosa-derived stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:1933-1943. [PMID: 29188452 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although bisphosphonates (BPs) are known to be associated with osteonecrosis of the maxilla, the precise effects of BPs on bone metabolism in human maxillary sinus mucosal cells (HMSMCs) are not yet known. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of the BPs zoledronate (ZOL) and alendronate (ALN) on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation in HMSMCs and to investigate the signaling pathways involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ZOL and ALN were assessed for osteoblast differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and RT-PCR for genes encoding Runx2 and osterix. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) was also examined. RESULTS ZOL and ALN both suppressed osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by their effects on ALP activity, mineralization nodule formation, and the mRNA expression levels of osteoblastic transcript factors. The RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio in HMSMCs was increased by ALN, whereas ZOL had the opposite effect. Conditioned medium obtained from ALN-treated HMSMCs stimulated osteoclast formation and upregulated NFATc1 expression, whereas conditioned medium from ZOL-treated cells did not. ALN was more cytotoxic and stimulated apoptosis more strongly than ZOL. BPs decreased the protein levels of the non-canonical Wnt signaling protein Wnt5a and calmodulin-dependent kinase II. Moreover, recombinant human Wnt5a reversed the effects of BPs on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation. CONCLUSION This study is the first demonstration that BPs exert negative effects on osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes via the non-canonical Wnt pathway in HMSMSCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It suggests that patients taking BPs during the period of maxillary sinus lifting and amentation should be given special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuh Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Varenna M, Manara M, Rovelli F, Zucchi F, Sinigaglia L. Predictors of Responsiveness to Bisphosphonate Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: A Retrospective Chart Analysis. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 18:1131-1138. [PMID: 27651505 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether the effectiveness of bisphosphonate infusion in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is influenced by variables related to patient and/or disease characteristics. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients referred in the last five years to our rheumatologic tertiary care center, all fulfilling the Budapest CRPS-I diagnostic criteria and treated with three different bisphosphonate schedules (clodronate, pamidronate, and neridronate). For every subject, demographic and clinical variables were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. We identified variables that independently influenced the therapeutic outcome of patients by a logistic regression analysis. For exploratory purposes, the effectiveness of the different bisphosphonate treatments employed was compared. Results Among the 194 patients included in the analysis, the overall therapeutic response rate was 71.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictive variables for therapeutic effectiveness were disease duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72-0.96 for a one-month increment), fracture as a predisposing event (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.29-8.03), and "warm" disease subtype (OR = 4.88, 95% CI = 1.57-15.20). These variables were found to influence the odds of responsiveness when analyzed together with age at onset, gender, and disease localization. No significant difference in therapeutic effectiveness was found by comparing the three different bisphosphonate schedules employed. Conclusion Early disease, fracture as a predisposing event, and "warm" disease subtype are predictors of responsiveness to bisphosphonate treatment in patients with CRPS-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Varenna
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Manara
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Zucchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sinigaglia
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
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Mahon OR, O'Hanlon S, Cunningham CC, McCarthy GM, Hobbs C, Nicolosi V, Kelly DJ, Dunne A. Orthopaedic implant materials drive M1 macrophage polarization in a spleen tyrosine kinase- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:426-435. [PMID: 29104084 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Total joint replacements (TJR) are costly procedures required to relieve pain and restore function in patients suffering from end-stage arthritis. Despite great progress in the development and durability of TJRs, the generation of prosthesis-associated wear particles over time leads to an inflammatory cascade which culminates in periprosthetic osteolysis. Studies suggest that wear particles drive the polarization/differentiation of immature macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype rather than an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype associated with normal bone and wound healing. This, in turn, contributes to the initiation of peri-implant inflammation. As a result, modulating M1 macrophage cytokine production has been recognised as a viable therapeutic option. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles on human macrophage polarization by comparing their effect on M1/M2-associated gene expression using real-time PCR. Furthermore, using immunoblotting to assess kinase activation, we sought to identify the intracellular signalling molecules activated by PMMA/HA particles and to determine whether pharmacological blockade of these molecules impacts on macrophage phenotype and cytokine production as measured by ELISA. We report that wear particles preferentially polarize macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, an effect that is dependent on activation of the membrane proximal kinase, Syk and members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of signalling molecules. Pre-treatment of macrophages with Syk inhibitors (R788/piceatannol) or MAPK inhibitors (SB203580 and PD98059), not only prevents M1 polarization, but also attenuates production of key pro-inflammatory mediators that have been specifically implicated in periprosthetic osteolysis and osteoclast differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is now well established that wear-debris particles from implanted materials drive deleterious inflammatory responses which can eventually lead to implant loosening. In this study, we provide further insight into the specific cellular pathways activated by wear particles in primary human immune cells. We demonstrate that PMMA bone cement and hydroxyapatite, a commonly used biomaterial, drive the polarization of macrophages towards an inflammatory phenotype and identify the specific signalling molecules that are activated in this process. Pre-treatment of macrophages with pharmacological inhibitors of these molecules in turn prevents macrophage polarization and dampens inflammatory cytokine production. Hence these signalling molecules represent potential therapeutic targets to treat or possibly prevent particulate induced osteolysis.
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Wang L, Guo TZ, Hou S, Wei T, Li WW, Shi X, Clark JD, Kingery WS. Bisphosphonates Inhibit Pain, Bone Loss, and Inflammation in a Rat Tibia Fracture Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:1033-45. [PMID: 27636578 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates are used to prevent the bone loss and fractures associated with osteoporosis, bone metastases, multiple myeloma, and osteogenesis deformans. Distal limb fractures cause regional bone loss with cutaneous inflammation and pain in the injured limb that can develop into complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Clinical trials have reported that antiresorptive bisphosphonates can prevent fracture-induced bone loss, inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and alleviate CRPS pain. Previously, we observed that the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines or adaptive immune responses attenuated the development of pain behavior in a rat fracture model of CRPS, and we hypothesized that bisphosphonates could prevent pain behavior, trabecular bone loss, postfracture cutaneous cytokine upregulation, and adaptive immune responses in this CRPS model. METHODS Rats underwent tibia fracture and cast immobilization for 4 weeks and were chronically administered either subcutaneously perfused alendronate or oral zoledronate. Behavioral measurements included hindpaw von Frey allodynia, unweighting, warmth, and edema. Bone microarchitecture was measured by microcomputed tomography, and bone cellular activity was evaluated by static and dynamic histomorphometry. Spinal cord Fos immunostaining was performed, and skin cytokine (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Skin and sciatic nerve immunoglobulin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Rats with tibia fractures developed hindpaw allodynia, unweighting, warmth, and edema, increased spinal Fos expression and trabecular bone loss in the lumbar vertebra and bilateral distal femurs as measured by microcomputed tomography, increased trabecular bone resorption and osteoclast surface with decreased bone formation rates, increased cutaneous inflammatory cytokine and NGF expression, and elevated immunocomplex deposition in skin and nerve. Alendronate (60 μg/kg/d subcutaneously [s.c.]) or zoledronate (3 mg/kg/d orally) treatment for 28 days, started at the time of fracture, completely inhibited the development of hindpaw allodynia and reduced hindpaw unweighting by 44% ± 13% and 58% ± 5%, respectively. Orally administered zoledronate (3 mg/kg/d for 21 days) treatment also completely reversed established allodynia and unweighting when started at 4 weeks postfracture. Histomorphometric and microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated that both the 3 and 60 μg/kg/d alendronate treatments reversed trabecular bone loss (an 88% ± 25% and 188% ± 39% increase in the ipsilateral distal femur BV/TV, respectively) and blocked the increase in osteoclast numbers and erosion surface observed in bilateral distal femurs and in L5 vertebra of the fracture rats. Alendronate treatment inhibited fracture-induced increases in hindpaw inflammatory mediators, reducing postfracture levels of tumor necrosis factor by 43% ± 9%, IL-1 by 60% ± 9%, IL-6 by 56% ± 14%, and NGF by 37% ± 14%, but had no effect on increased spinal cord Fos expression, or skin and sciatic nerve immunocomplex deposition. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicate that bisphosphonate therapy inhibits pain, osteoclast activation, trabecular bone loss, and cutaneous inflammation in the rat fracture model of CRPS, data supporting the hypothesis that bisphosphonate therapy can provide effective multimodal treatment for CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- From the *Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; †Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and ‡Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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Liu Y, Shi F, Gong K, Liu Y, Zhi W, Weng J, Qu S. Study on critical-sized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles loaded with alendronate sodium: in vitro release and cell response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:56. [PMID: 28210968 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro release and the effect of RAW 264.7 macrophages of critical-sized wear particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) loaded with alendronate sodium (ALN), one of the most effective drugs to treat osteoporosis in clinic. The critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN 0.5 wt.% wear particles were prepared by vacuum gradient filtration combined with Pluronic F-68. In vitro release of ALN from critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles was investigated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C with a shaker. Cell morphology, proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and secretions of cytokines were evaluated after co-cultured with critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles in vitro. Results showed that ALN released from critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles included burst release and slow release in vitro. Macrophages would be chemotaxis and aggregated around the critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN or UHMWPE wear particle, which was phagocytosed with time. The proliferation of macrophages co-cultured with critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles was significantly decreased compared with that of critical-sized UHMWPE group. Meanwhile, the critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN wear particles significantly induced the LDH leakage of macrophages, which indicated the cell death. The death of macrophages induced by ALN was one of pathways to inhibit their proliferation. The secretions of cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in critical-sized UHMWPE-ALN group were significantly lower than those in critical-sized UHMWPE group due to the released ALN. The present results suggested that UHMWPE-ALN had the potential application in clinic to treat osteolysis induced by wear particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kemeng Gong
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuxin Qu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Nadar RA, Margiotta N, Iafisco M, van den Beucken JJJP, Boerman OC, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Bisphosphonate-Functionalized Imaging Agents, Anti-Tumor Agents and Nanocarriers for Treatment of Bone Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28207199 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases result from the invasion of primary tumors to bone. Current treatment modalities include local treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy, while systemic treatments include chemotherapy and (palliative) treatment of skeletal metastases. Nevertheless, once bone metastases have been established they remain incurable leading to morbidity and mortality. Bisphosphonates are a well-established class of drugs, which are increasingly applied in the treatment of bone cancers owing to their effective inhibition of tumor cells and suppression of bone metastases. The increased understanding of the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates on bone and tumor cells has prompted the development of novel bisphosphonate-functionalized imaging and therapeutic agents. This review provides an update on the preclinical efficacy of bisphosphonate-functionalized fluorophore, anti-tumor agents and nanocarriers for the treatment of bone metastases. After an overview of the general characteristics of bisphosphonates and their mechanisms of action, an outline is provided on the various conjugation strategies that have become available to functionalize imaging agents, anti-tumor agents and nanocarriers with bisphosphonates. Finally, the efficacy of these bisphosphonate-modified agents and carriers in preclinical studies is evaluated by reviewing their potential to target tumors and inhibit tumor growth in clinically relevant animal models for the treatment of bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Nadar
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25 6525 EX Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC); National Research Council (CNR); Via Granarolo 64 48018 Faenza Italy
| | | | - Otto C. Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10 6525 AG Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25 6525 EX Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Liu G, Guo T, Zhang Y, Liu N, Chen J, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhao J. Apoptotic pathways of macrophages within osteolytic interface membrane in periprosthestic osteolysis after total hip replacement. APMIS 2017; 125:565-578. [PMID: 28345781 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage apoptosis in interface membrane, which occurs through either death receptor, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways, has been suggested to play an important role in promoting osteolysis. However, how and why macrophage apoptosis originates and the correlation among these apoptotic pathways is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to identify the apoptotic mechanism of macrophages, and to explore the relationship between the apoptotic pathways and progression of osteolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to analyze the tissue ultrastructure of wear particles, and in situ apoptotic macrophage identification was performed by TUNEL staining. We analyzed the expression of the key biomarkers of apoptotic pathways via immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that the majority of wear particles within osteolytic interface membrane was in the 30-60 nm range, and that macrophage apoptotic ratio increased along with osteolysis progression. Normal hip dysplasia and mechanical loosening of tissues showed low expression levels of biomarkers for ER stress (Ca2+ , JNK, cleaved Caspase-4, IRE1-α, Grp78/Bip, and CHOP), mitochondrion (Bcl-2, Bax, and Cytochrome c), and death receptor (Fas and cleaved Caspase-8) pathways, while osteolytic interface membrane tissues expressed high levels of these biomarkers. In addition, we found that the ER stress intensity was in complete conformity with mitochondrial dysfunction and was consistent with the results of death receptor activation. Thus, our findings suggested that wear particles generated at implant interface can accelerate macrophage apoptosis through changes in apoptotic pathways and ultimately aggravate the symptom of osteolysis. These data represent a preferential apoptotic signaling pathway of macrophages as specific target points for the prevention and therapeutic modulation of periprosthetic osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Bayi Hospital Affiliated Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bayi Hospital Affiliated Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Naicheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bayi Hospital Affiliated Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Nanjing University and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Hojo K, Tamai R, Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Kiyoura Y. Etidronate down-regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:773-778. [PMID: 28587938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etidronate is a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP) used for anti-bone resorptive therapy as well as having inhibitory effects on atherosclerotic plaques. The present study examined the effects of etidronate on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, incubated with Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonist) and lipid A (a TLR4 agonist). METHODS J774.1 cells and human monocytic THP-1 cells were pretreated with or without etidronate for 5min, and then incubated with or without Pam3CSK4 or lipid A for 24h. Levels of secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytotoxicity was determined by LDH activity in the supernatants. We also examined the effects of etidronate on the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in J774.1 cells by ELISA and Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of J774.1 cells with etidronate down-regulated TLR2 ligand-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MIP-1α. Etidronate also inhibited Pam3CSK4-induced MCP-1 and TNF-α production by THP-1 cells. However, etidronate did not induce cytotoxicity and reduced lipid A-induced cytotoxicity in J774.1 cells. In addition, this agent did not down-regulate TLR4 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, etidronate inhibited the translocation of NF-κB but not p38 MAPK in J774.1 cells stimulated with Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. CONCLUSION Etidronate likely inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in J774.1 cells by suppressing NF-κB activation in the TLR2 and not the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hojo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan; Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan; Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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Tumor Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:331-370. [PMID: 29282692 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant inflammatory infiltrates in the tumor stroma. TAMs promote tumor growth by suppressing immunocompetent cells, including neovascularization and supporting cancer stem cells. In the chapter, we discuss recent efforts in reprogramming or inhibiting tumor-protecting properties of TAMs, and developing potential strategies to increase the efficacy of breast cancer treatment.
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Abstract
A known complication that can occur in patients using bisphosphonates (BPs) is osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). ONJ features bone exposure that may be associated with severe pain, swelling, local infection, and pathological fracture of the jaw. Current literature indicates that a complex combination of factors is necessary to induce ONJ. Several hypotheses about the pathophysiology of ONJ were previously reported. Here, we review these hypotheses and introduce new ideas and suggestions on this topic, focusing on bone site-specific cells, and the effect that BPs and other anti-resorptive drugs have on those cells. Gaining more insight into bone site-specific effects may help to better understand the pathogenesis ONJ, and contribute to the development of new bone site-specific anti-resorptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A F Vermeer
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Greetje A P Renders
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Belgiovine C, D'Incalci M, Allavena P, Frapolli R. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2411-24. [PMID: 26956893 PMCID: PMC11108407 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are essential providers of cancer-related inflammation, a condition known to accelerate tumor progression and limit the response to anti-tumor therapies. As a matter of fact, TAMs may have a dual role while interfering with cancer treatments, as they can either promote or impair their functionality. Here we review the connection between macrophages and anticancer therapies; moreover, we provide an overview of the different strategies to target or re-program TAMs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Belgiovine
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
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Hoefert S, Sade Hoefert C, Munz A, Schmitz I, Grimm M, Yuan A, Northoff H, Reinert S, Alexander D. Effect of bisphosphonates on macrophagic THP-1 cell survival in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 121:222-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van Acker HH, Anguille S, Willemen Y, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. Bisphosphonates for cancer treatment: Mechanisms of action and lessons from clinical trials. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:24-40. [PMID: 26617219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points toward an important anti-cancer effect of bisphosphonates, a group of inexpensive, safe, potent, and long-term stable pharmacologicals that are widely used as osteoporosis drugs. To date, they are already used in the prevention of complications of bone metastases. Because the bisphosphonates can also reduce mortality in among other multiple myeloma, breast, and prostate cancer patients, they are now thoroughly studied in oncology. In particular, the more potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates have the potential to improve prognosis. The first part of this review will elaborate on the direct and indirect anti-tumoral effects of bisphosphonates, including induction of tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell adhesion and invasion, anti-angiogenesis, synergism with anti-neoplastic drugs, and enhancement of immune surveillance (e.g., through activation of γδ T cells and targeting macrophages). In the second part, we shed light on the current clinical position of bisphosphonates in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies, as well as on ongoing and completed clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effect of bisphosphonates in cancer. Based on these recent data, the role of bisphosphonates is expected to further expand in the near future outside the field of osteoporosis and to open up new avenues in the treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yannick Willemen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Alzuguren P, Hervas-Stubbs S, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Poutou J, Fortes P, Mancheno U, Bunuales M, Olagüe C, Razquin N, Van Rooijen N, Enguita M, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. Transient depletion of specific immune cell populations to improve adenovirus-mediated transgene expression in the liver. Liver Int 2015; 35:1274-89. [PMID: 24754307 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adenoviral (Ad) vectors are currently one of the most efficient tools for in vivo gene transfer to the liver. However, anti-Ad immune responses limit the safety and efficacy of these vectors. The initial inflammatory reaction is a concern in terms of toxicity, and it favours the development of cellular and humoral responses leading to short transgene persistence and inefficient vector re-administrations. Therefore, safe and simple ways to interfere with these processes are needed. Study ways to deplete specific immune cell populations and their impact on liver-directed gene transfer. METHODS First-generation Ad vectors encoding reporter genes (luciferase or β-galactosidase) were injected intravenously into Balb/c mice. Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages were depleted by intravenous administration of clodronate liposomes. B lymphocytes, CD4(+) , CD8(+) T lymphocytes or NK cells were depleted by intraperitoneal injection of anti-M plus anti-D, anti-CD4, anti-CD8 or anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies respectively. Long-term evolution of luciferase expression in the liver was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS The anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody impaired cellular and humoral immune responses, leading to efficient vector re-administration. Clodronate liposomes had no impact on humoral responses but caused a 100-1000 fold increase in liver transduction, stabilized transgene expression, reduced the concentration of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS Transient CD4(+) T-cell depletion using antibodies is a clinically feasible procedure that allows efficient Ad redosing. Systemic administration of clodronate liposomes may further increase the safety and efficacy of vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alzuguren
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Soydan SS, Araz K, Senel FV, Yurtcu E, Helvacioglu F, Dagdeviren A, Tekindal MA, Sahin F. Effects of alendronate and pamidronate on apoptosis and cell proliferation in cultured primary human gingival fibroblasts. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1073-82. [PMID: 25636638 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115569808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Data arising from the recent literature directed the researchers to study on the degree and extent of bisphosphonate toxicity on oral mucosa in further detail. The aim of this study is to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration of pamidronate (PAM) and alendronate (ALN) on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro using 3-[4.5-thiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and to evaluate the effects of both agents on the proliferation and apoptotic indices. Cells used in the study were generated from human gingival specimens and divided into alendronate (n = 240), PAM (n = 240), and control groups (n = 60). Based on the MTT assay results, 10(-4), 10(-5), 10(-6), and 10(-7) M concentrations of both drugs were administered and the effects were evaluated for 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h periods. An indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to evaluate apoptotic (anti-caspase 3) and proliferation (anti-Ki67) indices. Toxicity of both PAM and ALN was found to be the most potent at 10(-4)-10(-5) M range. The apoptotic index of PAM group was found to be significantly higher than ALN group for all concentrations especially at 24 h incubation time (p < 0.05). The decrease in the proliferation index was found similar in first 48 h for both drugs; however, after 72 h of incubation decrease in proliferation index in PAM group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). Micromolar concentrations of not only PAM but also ALN rapidly affect cells generated from human oral gingival tissue by inducing apoptosis together with inhibition of proliferation. Cytotoxic effects of both ALN and PAM on primary human gingival fibroblasts, which cause significant changes in apoptotic and proliferative indices as shown in this in vitro study, suggests that the defective epithelialization of oral mucosa is possibly a major factor on the onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Soydan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Araz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F V Senel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - E Yurtcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Helvacioglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Dagdeviren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M A Tekindal
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Sahin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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