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Ying K, Bai B, Gao X, Xu Y, Wang H, Xie B. Orally Administrable Therapeutic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:670124. [PMID: 34307319 PMCID: PMC8293278 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.670124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal human malignancies worldwide; however, the therapeutic outcomes in the clinic still are unsatisfactory due to the lack of effective and safe therapeutic regimens. Orally administrable and CRC-targetable drug delivery is an attractive approach for CRC therapy as it improves the efficacy by local drug delivery and reduces systemic toxicity. Currently, chemotherapy remains the mainstay modality for CRC therapy; however, most of chemo drugs have low water solubility and are unstable in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), poor intestinal permeability, and are susceptible to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, resulting in limited therapeutic outcomes. Orally administrable nanoformulations hold the great potential for improving the bioavailability of poorly permeable and poorly soluble therapeutics, but there are still limitations associated with these regimes. This review focuses on the barriers for oral drug delivery and various oral therapeutic nanoparticles for the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Ying
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuzi Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Rashid MH, Babu D, Siraki AG. Interactions of the antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and NRH: Quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) with pharmacological agents, endogenous biochemicals and environmental contaminants. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109574. [PMID: 34228969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of several different classes of quinone-like compounds (quinones, quinone imines, nitroaromatics, and azo dyes). One-electron reduction of quinone or quinone-like metabolites is considered to generate semiquinones to initiate redox cycling that is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and may contribute to the initiation of adverse drug reactions and adverse health effects. On the other hand, the two-electron reduction of quinoid compounds appears important for drug activation (bioreductive activation) via chemical rearrangement or autoxidation. Two-electron reduction decreases quinone levels and opportunities for the generation of reactive species that can deplete intracellular thiol pools. Also, studies have shown that induction or depletion (knockout) of NQO1 were associated with decreased or increased susceptibilities to oxidative stress, respectively. Moreover, another member of the quinone reductase family, NRH: Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2), has a significant functional and structural similarity with NQO1. The activity of both antioxidant enzymes, NQO1 and NQO2, becomes critically important when other detoxification pathways are exhausted. Therefore, this article summarizes the interactions of NQO1 and NQO2 with different pharmacological agents, endogenous biochemicals, and environmental contaminants that would be useful in the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce the adverse drug reactions as well as protection against quinone-induced oxidative damage. Also, future directions and areas of further study for NQO1 and NQO2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harunur Rashid
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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3
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Pitucha M, Korga-Plewko A, Czylkowska A, Rogalewicz B, Drozd M, Iwan M, Kubik J, Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Karczmarzyk Z, Fornal E, Wysocki W, Bartnik P. Influence of Complexation of Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives with Cu (II) Ions on Their Antitumor Activity against Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063104. [PMID: 33803618 PMCID: PMC8002893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives was prepared and their anti-tumor activity in vitro was tested. The X-ray investigation performed for compounds T2, T3 and T5 confirmed the synthesis pathway and assumed molecular structures of analyzed thiosemicarbazones. The conformational preferences of the thiosemicarbazone system were characterized using theoretical calculations by AM1 method. Selected compounds were converted into complexes of Cu (II) ions. The effect of complexing on anti-tumor activity has been investigated. The copper(II) complexes, with Schiff bases T1, T10, T12, T13, and T16 have been synthesized and characterized by chemical and elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA method. Thermal properties of coordination compounds were studied using TG-DTG techniques under dry air atmosphere. G361, A375, and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells and BJ human normal fibroblast cells were treated with tested compounds and their cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT test. The compounds with the most promising anti-tumour activity were then selected and their cytotoxicity was verified with cell cycle analysis and apoptosis/necrosis detection. Additionally, DNA damages in the form of a basic sites presence and the expression of oxidative stress and DNA damage response genes were evaluated. The obtained results indicate that complexation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives with Cu (II) ions improves their antitumor activity against melanoma cells. The observed cytotoxic effect is associated with DNA damage and G2/M phase of cell cycle arrest as well as disorders of the antioxidant enzymes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-7240
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Agnieszka Czylkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Rogalewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Monika Drozd
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kubik
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (J.K.); (E.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Chair and Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Paulina Bartnik
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (P.B.)
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Wong HN, Lewies A, Haigh M, Viljoen JM, Wentzel JF, Haynes RK, du Plessis LH. Anti-Melanoma Activities of Artemisone and Prenylated Amino-Artemisinins in Combination With Known Anticancer Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558894. [PMID: 33117161 PMCID: PMC7552967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently occurring cancers are those of the skin, with melanoma being the leading cause of death due to skin cancer. Breakthroughs in chemotherapy have been achieved in certain cases, though only marginal advances have been made in treatment of metastatic melanoma. Strategies aimed at inducing redox dysregulation by use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers present a promising approach to cancer chemotherapy. Here we use a rational combination of an oxidant drug combined with a redox or pro-oxidant drug to optimize the cytotoxic effect. Thus we demonstrate for the first time enhanced activity of the amino-artemisinin artemisone and novel prenylated piperazine derivatives derived from dihydroartemisinin as the oxidant component, and elesclomol-Cu(II) as the redox component, against human malignant melanoma cells A375 in vitro. The combinations caused a dose dependent decrease in cell numbers and increase in apoptosis. The results indicate that oxidant-redox drug combinations have considerable potential and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ning Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Angélique Lewies
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michaela Haigh
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Joe M Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johannes F Wentzel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lissinda H du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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5
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Ong AJ, Saeidi S, Chi NHK, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Kim SH, Park SA, Cha YN, Na HK, Surh YJ. The positive feedback loop between Nrf2 and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase stimulates proliferation and clonogenicity of human hepatoma cells. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:906-917. [PMID: 32336239 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1761547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies report that nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) facilitates tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic functions of Nrf2 is not yet well understood. Some of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes are considered to play a role in the cancer progression. The present study was intended to explore the potential role of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), one of the PPP enzymes, in the proliferation and migration of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Genetic ablation of Nrf2 attenuated the expression of PGD at both transcriptional and translational levels. Notably, Nrf2 regulates the transcription of PGD through direct binding to the antioxidant response element in its promoter region. Nrf2 overexpression in HepG2 cells led to increased proliferation, survival, and migration, and these events were suppressed by silencing PGD. Interestingly, knockdown of the gene encoding this enzyme not only attenuated the proliferation and clonogenicity of HepG2 cells but also downregulated the expression of Nrf2. Thus, there seems to exist a positive feedback loop between Nrf2 and PGD which is exploited by hepatoma cells for their proliferation and survival. Treatment of HepG2 cells with ribulose-5-phosphate, a catalytic product of PGD, gave rise to a concentration-dependent upregulation of Nrf2. Collectively, the current study shows that Nrf2 promotes hepatoma cell growth and progression, partly through induction of PGD transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Jessica Ong
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soma Saeidi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ngo Hoang Kieu Chi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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Novel Potentiometric 2,6-Dichlorophenolindo-phenolate (DCPIP) Membrane-Based Sensors: Assessment of Their Input in the Determination of Total Phenolics and Ascorbic Acid in Beverages. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19092058. [PMID: 31052582 PMCID: PMC6540085 DOI: 10.3390/s19092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated proof-of-concept for the use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) as a promising tool for the assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Novel membrane sensors for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate (DCPIP) ions were prepared and characterized. The sensors membranes were based on the use of either CuII-neocuproin/2,6-dichlorophenolindo-phenolate ([Cu(Neocup)2][DCPIP]2) (sensor I), or methylene blue/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate (MB/DCPIP) (sensor II) ion association complexes in a plasticized PVC matrix. The sensors revealed significantly enhanced response towards DCPIP ions over the concentration range 5.13 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−2 and 5.15 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−2 M at pH 7 with detection limits of 6.3 and 9.2 µg/mL with near-Nernstian slope of −56.2 ± 1.7 and −51.6 ± 2 mV/decade for sensors I and II, respectively. The effects of plasticizers and various foreign common ions were also tested. The sensors showed enhanced selectivity towards DCPIP over many other phenolic and inorganic ions. Long life span, high potential stability, high reproducibility, and fast response were also observed. Method validation was also verified by measuring the detection limit, linearity range, accuracy, precision, repeatability and between-day-variability. The sensors were introduced for direct determination of TAC in fresh and canned juice samples collected from local markets. The obtained results agreed fairly well with the data obtained by the standard method.
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7
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Hua AB, Justiniano R, Perer J, Park SL, Li H, Cabello CM, Wondrak GT. Repurposing the Electron Transfer Reactant Phenazine Methosulfate (PMS) for the Apoptotic Elimination of Malignant Melanoma Cells through Induction of Lethal Oxidative and Mitochondriotoxic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050590. [PMID: 31035569 PMCID: PMC6562717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-directed pharmacophores have shown potential for the apoptotic elimination of cancer cells through chemotherapeutic induction of oxidative stress. Phenazine methosulfate (PMS), a N-alkylphenazinium cation-based redox cycler, is used widely as an electron transfer reactant coupling NAD(P)H generation to the reduction of tetrazolium salts in biochemical cell viability assays. Here, we have explored feasibility of repurposing the redox cycler PMS as a superoxide generating chemotherapeutic for the pro-oxidant induction of cancer cell apoptosis. In a panel of malignant human melanoma cells (A375, G361, LOX), low micromolar concentrations of PMS (1-10 μM, 24 h) displayed pronounced apoptogenicity as detected by annexin V-ITC/propidium iodide flow cytometry, and PMS-induced cell death was suppressed by antioxidant (NAC) or pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk) cotreatment. Gene expression array analysis in A375 melanoma cells (PMS, 10 µM; 6 h) revealed transcriptional upregulation of heat shock (HSPA6, HSPA1A), oxidative (HMOX1) and genotoxic (EGR1, GADD45A) stress responses, confirmed by immunoblot detection demonstrating upregulation of redox regulators (NRF2, HO-1, HSP70) and modulation of pro- (BAX, PUMA) and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2, Mcl-1). PMS-induced oxidative stress and glutathione depletion preceded induction of apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the mitochondrial origin of PMS-induced superoxide production was substantiated by MitoSOX-Red live cell fluorescence imaging, and PMS-induced mitochondriotoxicity (as evidenced by diminished transmembrane potential and oxygen consumption rate) was observable at early time points. After demonstrating NADPH-driven (SOD-suppressible) superoxide radical anion generation by PMS employing a chemical NBT reduction assay, PMS-induction of oxidative genotoxic stress was substantiated by quantitative Comet analysis that confirmed the introduction of formamido-pyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive oxidative DNA lesions in A375 melanoma cells. Taken together, these data suggest feasibility of repurposing the biochemical reactant PMS as an experimental pro-oxidant targeting mitochondrial integrity and redox homeostasis for the apoptotic elimination of malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh B Hua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Rebecca Justiniano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Jessica Perer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Sophia L Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Christopher M Cabello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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8
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Kwon JA, Jin CM, Shin Y, Kim HY, Kim Y, Kang T, Choi I. Tunable Plasmonic Cavity for Label-free Detection of Small Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13226-13235. [PMID: 29569438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high sensitivity and high selectivity along with rapid response time, plasmonic detection has gained considerable interest in a wide variety of sensing applications. To improve the fieldwork applicability and reliability of plasmonic detection, the integration of plasmonic nanoparticles into optical devices is desirable. Herein, we propose an integrated label-free detection platform comprising a plasmonic cavity that allows sensitive molecular detection via either surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET). A small droplet of metal ion solution spontaneously produces a plasmonic cavity on the surface of uncured poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and as PDMS is cured, the metal ions are reduced to form a plasmonic antennae array on the cavity surface. Unique spherical feature and the integrated metallic nanoparticles of the cavity provide excellent optical functions to focus the incident light in the cavity and to rescatter the light absorbed by the nanoparticles. The optical properties of the plasmonic cavity for SERS or PRET are optimized by controlling the composition, size, and density of the metal nanoparticles. By using the cavity, we accomplish both 1000-fold sensitive detection and real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen species secreted by live cells via PRET. In addition, we achieve sensitive detection of trace amounts of toxic environmental molecules such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one/2-methyl-4-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT/MIT) and bisphenol A, as well as several small biomolecules such as glucose, adenine, and tryptophan, via SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Kwon
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Jin
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , Seoul 121-742 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Kim
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , Seoul 121-742 , Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Huerta-Aguilar CA, Thangarasu P, Mora JG. Structural influence in the interaction of cysteine with five coordinated copper complexes: Theoretical and experimental studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Antognelli C, Trapani E, Delle Monache S, Perrelli A, Daga M, Pizzimenti S, Barrera G, Cassoni P, Angelucci A, Trabalzini L, Talesa VN, Goitre L, Retta SF. KRIT1 loss-of-function induces a chronic Nrf2-mediated adaptive homeostasis that sensitizes cells to oxidative stress: Implication for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:202-218. [PMID: 29170092 PMCID: PMC5806631 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
KRIT1 (CCM1) is a disease gene responsible for Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of proven genetic origin affecting 0.3-0.5% of the population. Previously, we demonstrated that KRIT1 loss-of-function is associated with altered redox homeostasis and abnormal activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor c-Jun, which collectively result in pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects, suggesting a novel pathogenic mechanism for CCM disease and raising the possibility that KRIT1 loss-of-function exerts pleiotropic effects on multiple redox-sensitive mechanisms. To address this possibility, we investigated major redox-sensitive pathways and enzymatic systems that play critical roles in fundamental cytoprotective mechanisms of adaptive responses to oxidative stress, including the master Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway and its downstream target Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), a pivotal stress-responsive defense enzyme involved in cellular protection against glycative and oxidative stress through the metabolism of methylglyoxal (MG). This is a potent post-translational protein modifier that may either contribute to increased oxidative molecular damage and cellular susceptibility to apoptosis, or enhance the activity of major apoptosis-protective proteins, including heat shock proteins (Hsps), promoting cell survival. Experimental outcomes showed that KRIT1 loss-of-function induces a redox-sensitive sustained upregulation of Nrf2 and Glo1, and a drop in intracellular levels of MG-modified Hsp70 and Hsp27 proteins, leading to a chronic adaptive redox homeostasis that counteracts intrinsic oxidative stress but increases susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis, sensitizing cells to further oxidative challenges. While supporting and extending the pleiotropic functions of KRIT1, these findings shed new light on the mechanistic relationship between KRIT1 loss-of-function and enhanced cell predisposition to oxidative damage, thus providing valuable new insights into CCM pathogenesis and novel options for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana Trapani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Daga
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Luca Goitre
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy.
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11
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Antognelli C, Ferri I, Bellezza G, Siccu P, Love HD, Talesa VN, Sidoni A. Glyoxalase 2 drives tumorigenesis in human prostate cells in a mechanism involving androgen receptor and p53-p21 axis. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2112-2126. [PMID: 28470764 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), a metabolic enzyme, is overexpressed in some human cancers which suggests this enzyme may play a role in human tumorigenesis. In prostate cancer (PCa), the role of Glo2 has been scarcely investigated and there are no studies addressing a causative involvement of this protein in this neoplasia. Here, we examined the immunohistochemical profile of Glo2 in human PCa and benign adjacent tissues and investigated Glo2 involvement in PCa development in human prostate cell lines. PCa and matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from paraffin sections of primary PCa from 20 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for each sample. Glo2 expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry in prostate tissues, and by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting in prostate cell lines. The causative and mechanistic role of Glo2 in prostate tumorigenesis was demonstrated by Glo2 ectopic expression/silencing and employing specific activators/inhibitors. Our results showed that Glo2 was selectively expressed in PCa but not in the luminal compartment of the adjacent benign epithelium consistently in all the examined 20 cases. Glo2 expression in PCa was dependent on androgen receptor (AR) and was aimed at stimulating cell proliferation and eluding apoptosis through a mechanism involving the p53-p21 axis. Glo2 was intensely expressed in the basal cells of benign glands but was not involved in PCa genesis. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Glo2 drives prostate tumorigenesis and suggest that it may represent a novel adjuvant marker in the pathological diagnosis of early PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Siccu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Malček M, Bučinský L, Barbieriková Z, Dorotíková S, Dvoranová D, Brezová V, Rapta P, Biskupič S. Protonation and electronic structure of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate during reduction. A theoretical study including explicit solvent. J Mol Model 2016; 22:251. [PMID: 27686562 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protonation in the two-electron/two-proton reduction processes of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate (DCIP) is investigated combining density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods. DCIP (anion), DCIP•- (radical anion), and DCIP2- (dianion) are considered, including the electronic structure analysis from the prospective of quantum theory of atoms and molecules (QTAIM). It is shown that oxygen on the indophenolate moiety and nitrogen are the first and/or the second proton acceptor sites and their energetic order depends on the total charge of the system. MD simulations of differently charged species interacting with the solvent molecules have been performed for methanol, water, and oxonium cation (H3O+). Methanol and water molecules are found to form only hydrogen bonds with the solute irrespective of its charge. The calculated pKa values show that the imino group of DCIPH- is a weaker acid than water. While in the case of DCIP (and DCIP•-) plus oxonium cation, proton transfer from the solvent to the solute was evidenced for both aforementioned acceptor sites. In addition, MD simulations of bulks containing 15 and 43 molecules of water around the DCIP molecule have been performed, revealing the formation of 2-4 hydrogen bonds. Graphical Abstract 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenolate interacts with solvent molecules (water, oxonium cation and methanol). Hydrogen transfer and electronic structure are studied by DFT and molecular dynamics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Malček
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lukáš Bučinský
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sandra Dorotíková
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Dvoranová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanislav Biskupič
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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13
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Shen RL, Wang Z, Dong JL, Xiang QS, Liu YQ. Effects of oat soluble and insoluble β-glucan on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced early colon carcinogenesis in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1148664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Shen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Lin Dong
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Sen Xiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qi Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Rougée LRA, Riches Z, Berman JM, Collier AC. The Ontogeny and Population Variability of Human Hepatic NADPH Dehydrogenase Quinone Oxido-Reductase 1 (NQO1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:967-74. [PMID: 26856346 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH dehydrogenase quinone oxido-reductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme is an antioxidant and metabolic enzyme that performs two electron reduction of quinones and other chemicals. Based on the physiologic role(s) of NQO1, we hypothesized that expression and activity of this enzyme would vary with age and other demographic variables. Cytosols from 117 archived human livers were investigated for changes in NQO1 with age, sex, obesity, and ethnicity. Protein expression but not activity of NQO1 was weakly negatively correlated with age (Spearman r = -0.2, P = 0.03). No sex differences were observed for either protein expression or activity and for ethnicity; Caucasians had greater NQO1 activity than Asians (P < 0.05). Overweight children had statistically significantly higher NQO1 activity as compared with ideal weight children (P < 0.05) although this difference was not observed in adults. These findings establish that NQO1 is approximately as active in children as adults. However, modeled NQO1 clearance (both allometric and physiologically based pharmacokinetics) predicted maturation at 23 to 26 years. This is almost certainly an overestimate, with error in the model resulting from a small sample size and inability to scale for age-related changes in hepatic cellularity and/or cytosolic protein content, and indicates a delay in reaching maximum clearance through the NQO1 pathway that is affected by physiologic development as much, or more than, biochemical development. Obesity may increase hepatic NQO1 activity in children, which is likely a protective mechanism in oxidative stress, but may also have significant implications for drug and chemical disposition in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc R A Rougée
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.R.A.R., A.C.C.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Z.R., J.M.B., A.C.C.)
| | - Zoe Riches
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.R.A.R., A.C.C.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Z.R., J.M.B., A.C.C.)
| | - Jacob M Berman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.R.A.R., A.C.C.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Z.R., J.M.B., A.C.C.)
| | - Abby C Collier
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii (L.R.A.R., A.C.C.); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Z.R., J.M.B., A.C.C.)
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15
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Dvoranová D, Barbieriková Z, Dorotíková S, Malček M, Brincko A, Rišpanová L, Bučinský L, Staško A, Brezová V, Rapta P. Redox processes of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate in different solvents. A combined electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, photochemical, and theoretical study. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Davis AL, Qiao S, Lesson JL, Rojo de la Vega M, Park SL, Seanez CM, Gokhale V, Cabello CM, Wondrak GT. The quinone methide aurin is a heat shock response inducer that causes proteotoxic stress and Noxa-dependent apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1623-38. [PMID: 25477506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological induction of proteotoxic stress is rapidly emerging as a promising strategy for cancer cell-directed chemotherapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the identification of a novel drug-like heat shock response inducer for the therapeutic induction of proteotoxic stress targeting malignant human melanoma cells. Screening a focused library of compounds containing redox-directed electrophilic pharmacophores employing the Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder(TM) PCR Array technology as a discovery tool, a drug-like triphenylmethane-derivative (aurin; 4-[bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one) was identified as an experimental cell stress modulator that causes (i) heat shock factor transcriptional activation, (ii) up-regulation of heat shock response gene expression (HSPA6, HSPA1A, DNAJB4, HMOX1), (iii) early unfolded protein response signaling (phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein)), (iv) proteasome impairment with increased protein-ubiquitination, and (v) oxidative stress with glutathione depletion. Fluorescence polarization-based experiments revealed that aurin displays activity as a geldanamycin-competitive Hsp90α-antagonist, a finding further substantiated by molecular docking and ATPase inhibition analysis. Aurin exposure caused caspase-dependent cell death in a panel of human malignant melanoma cells (A375, G361, LOX-IMVI) but not in non-malignant human skin cells (Hs27 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, primary melanocytes) undergoing the aurin-induced heat shock response without impairment of viability. Aurin-induced melanoma cell apoptosis depends on Noxa up-regulation as confirmed by siRNA rescue experiments demonstrating that siPMAIP1-based target down-regulation suppresses aurin-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest feasibility of apoptotic elimination of malignant melanoma cells using the quinone methide-derived heat shock response inducer aurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Davis
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Shuxi Qiao
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Jessica L Lesson
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Sophia L Park
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Carol M Seanez
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Christopher M Cabello
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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17
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Tehrani HS, Moosavi-Movahedi A, Ghourchian H. Correlation between biological activity and electron transferring of bovine liver catalase: Osmolytes effects. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Gañán-Gómez I, Wei Y, Yang H, Boyano-Adánez MC, García-Manero G. Oncogenic functions of the transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:750-764. [PMID: 23820265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a large pool of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes regulating the cellular response to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Nrf2 is negatively regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and, upon stimulation by an oxidative or electrophilic insult, is rapidly activated by protein stabilization. Owing to its cytoprotective functions, Nrf2 has been traditionally studied in the field of chemoprevention; however, there is accumulated evidence that Keap1/Nrf2 mutations or unbalanced regulation that leads to overexpression or hyperactivation of Nrf2 may participate in tumorigenesis and be involved in chemoresistance of a wide number of solid cancers and leukemias. In addition to protecting cells from reactive oxygen species, Nrf2 seems to play a direct role in cell growth control and is related to apoptosis-regulating pathways. Moreover, Nrf2 activity is connected with oncogenic kinase pathways, structural proteins, hormonal regulation, other transcription factors, and epigenetic enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of various types of tumors. The aim of this review is to compile and summarize existing knowledge of the oncogenic functions of Nrf2 to provide a solid basis for its potential use as a molecular marker and pharmacological target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gañán-Gómez
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - María Carmen Boyano-Adánez
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Guillermo García-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Qiao S, Cabello CM, Lamore SD, Lesson JL, Wondrak GT. D-Penicillamine targets metastatic melanoma cells with induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and Noxa (PMAIP1)-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Apoptosis 2013; 17:1079-94. [PMID: 22843330 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
D-Penicillamine (3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine; DP) is an FDA-approved redox-active D-cysteine-derivative with antioxidant, disulfide-reducing, and metal chelating properties used therapeutically for the control of copper-related pathology in Wilson's disease and reductive cystine-solubilization in cystinuria. Based on the established sensitivity of metastatic melanoma cells to pharmacological modulation of cellular oxidative stress, we tested feasibility of using DP for chemotherapeutic intervention targeting human A375 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. DP treatment induced caspase-dependent cell death in cultured human metastatic melanoma cells (A375, G361) without compromising viability of primary epidermal melanocytes, an effect not observed with the thiol-antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and dithiothreitol. Focused gene expression array analysis followed by immunoblot detection revealed that DP rapidly activates the cytotoxic unfolded protein response (UPR; involving phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, Grp78, CHOP, and Hsp70) and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis with p53 upregulation and modulation of Bcl-2 family members (involving Noxa, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2). DP (but not NAC) induced oxidative stress with early impairment of glutathione homeostasis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. SiRNA-based antagonism of PMAIP1 expression blocked DP-induced upregulation of the proapoptotic BH3-only effector Noxa and prevented downregulation of the Noxa-antagonist Mcl-1, rescuing melanoma cells from DP-induced apoptosis. Intraperitoneal administration of DP displayed significant antimelanoma activity in a murine A375 xenograft model. It remains to be seen if melanoma cell-directed induction of UPR and apoptosis using DP or improved DP-derivatives can be harnessed for future chemotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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20
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Antognelli C, Mezzasoma L, Fettucciari K, Talesa VN. A novel mechanism of methylglyoxal cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:836-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Phenotypic identification of the redox dye methylene blue as an antagonist of heat shock response gene expression in metastatic melanoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4185-202. [PMID: 23429201 PMCID: PMC3588094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14024185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing approved and abandoned non-oncological drugs is an alternative developmental strategy for the identification of anticancer therapeutics that has recently attracted considerable attention. Due to the essential role of the cellular heat shock response in cytoprotection through the maintenance of proteostasis and suppression of apoptosis, small molecule heat shock response antagonists can be harnessed for targeted induction of cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. Guided by gene expression array analysis and a phenotypic screen interrogating a collection of 3,7-diamino-phenothiazinium derivatives, we have identified the redox-drug methylene blue (MB), used clinically for the infusional treatment of methemoglobinemia, as a negative modulator of heat shock response gene expression in human metastatic melanoma cells. MB-treatment blocked thermal (43 °C) and pharmacological (celastrol, geldanamycin) induction of heat shock response gene expression, suppressing Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and Hsp27 (HSPB1) upregulation at the mRNA and protein level. MB sensitized melanoma cells to the apoptogenic activity of geldanamycin, an Hsp90 antagonist known to induce the counter-regulatory upregulation of Hsp70 expression underlying cancer cell resistance to geldanamycin chemotherapy. Similarly, MB-cotreatment sensitized melanoma cells to other chemotherapeutics (etoposide, doxorubicin). Taken together, these data suggest feasibility of repurposing the non-oncological redox drug MB as a therapeutic heat shock response antagonist for cancer cell chemosensitization.
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22
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Antognelli C, Mezzasoma L, Fettucciari K, Mearini E, Talesa VN. Role of glyoxalase I in the proliferation and apoptosis control of human LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:121-32. [PMID: 22653787 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyoxalase I (GLOI) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls, as methylglyoxal (MG) that, directly or through the formation of MG-derived adducts, is a growth inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. GLOI has been considered a general marker of cell proliferation, but a direct link between the two has yet to be demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to clarify whether GLOI was involved in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells or might play a different role in the growth regulation of these cells. METHODS RNA interference was used to study the role of GLOI in cell proliferation or apoptosis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and flow cytometry, that was also used to analyze apoptosis. Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and spectrophotometric analyses were used to study transcript levels or specific activity, respectively. Proteins levels were analyzed by Western blot. MG was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS We found that GLOI is not implicated in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 cells but plays a role in the apoptosis of invasive prostate cancer PC3 cells, through a mechanism involving a specific MG-adduct and NF-kB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data represent the first systematic demonstration that GLOI cannot be considered a general marker of cell proliferation and that acts as a pro-survival factor in invasive PC3 cells by elusing apoptosis. GLOI may be involved in prostate cancer progression, via the control of key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic mechanism, through NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Liu W, Tan X, Shu L, Sun H, Song J, Jin P, Yu S, Sun M, Jia X. Ursolic acid inhibits cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial cell injury and prevents development of lung cancer. Molecules 2012; 17:9104-15. [PMID: 22858837 PMCID: PMC6268827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. The present study was aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of ursolic acid (UA) on these diseases. In the CSE treated normal human bronchial epithelial cell model, UA alleviated cytotoxicity caused by CSE, recovered the intracellular redox balance, and relieved the stimulation of external deleterious factors as well. UA mitigated CSE-induced DNA damage through the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway. Moreover, UA inhibited lung cancer development in the model established by A549 cells in nude mice in vivo. For the first time, our results indicate that UA could be developed as a potential lung cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Luan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Hanyan Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Ping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Siming Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; (H.S.); (S.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China; (W.L.); (X.T.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (P.J.)
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Qiao S, Lamore SD, Cabello CM, Lesson JL, Muñoz-Rodriguez JL, Wondrak GT. Thiostrepton is an inducer of oxidative and proteotoxic stress that impairs viability of human melanoma cells but not primary melanocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1229-40. [PMID: 22321511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological induction of oxidative and proteotoxic stress has recently emerged as a promising strategy for chemotherapeutic intervention targeting cancer cells. Guided by a differential phenotypic drug screen for novel lead compounds that selectively induce melanoma cell apoptosis without compromising viability of primary human melanocytes, we have focused on the cyclic pyridinyl-polythiazolyl peptide-antimicrobial thiostrepton. Using comparative gene expression-array analysis, the early cellular stress response induced by thiostrepton was examined in human A375 metastatic melanoma cells and primary melanocytes. Thiostrepton displayed selective antimelanoma activity causing early induction of proteotoxic stress with massive upregulation of heat shock (HSPA6, HSPA1A, DNAJB4, HSPB1, HSPH1, HSPA1L, CRYAB, HSPA5, DNAJA1), oxidative stress (HMOX1, GSR, SOD1), and ER stress response (DDIT3) gene expression, confirmed by immunodetection (Hsp70, Hsp70B', HO-1, phospho-eIF2α). Moreover, upregulation of p53, proapoptotic modulation of Bcl-2 family members (Bax, Noxa, Mcl-1, Bcl-2), and induction of apoptotic cell death were observed. Thiostrepton rapidly induced cellular oxidative stress followed by inactivation of chymotrypsin-like proteasomal activity and melanoma cell-directed accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, not observed in melanocytes that were resistant to thiostrepton-induced apoptosis. Proteotoxic and apoptogenic effects were fully antagonized by antioxidant intervention. In RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells, known to be exquisitely sensitive to proteasome inhibition, early proteotoxic and apoptogenic effects of thiostrepton were confirmed by array analysis indicating pronounced upregulation of heat shock response gene expression. Our findings demonstrate that thiostrepton displays dual activity as a selective prooxidant and proteotoxic chemotherapeutic, suggesting feasibility of experimental intervention targeting metastatic melanoma and other malignancies including multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Soares ARM, Taniguchi M, Chandrashaker V, Lindsey JS. Self-organization of tetrapyrrole constituents to give a photoactive protocell. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Qadri SM, Kucherenko Y, Zelenak C, Jilani K, Lang E, Lang F. Dicoumarol activates Ca2+-permeable cation channels triggering erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:857-64. [PMID: 22178938 DOI: 10.1159/000335800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicoumarol, a widely used anticoagulant, may cause anemia, which may result from enhanced erythrocyte loss due to bleeding or due to accelerated erythrocyte death. Erythrocytes may undergo suicidal death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane. Eryptosis may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)](i)). The present study explored, whether dicoumarol induces eryptosis. [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cation channel activity utilizing whole cell patch clamp, cell volume from forward scatter, phospholipid scrambling from annexin-V-binding, and hemolysis from haemoglobin release. Exposure of erythrocytes for 48 hours to dicoumarol (=10 μM) significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i), enhanced cation channel activity, decreased forward scatter, triggered annexin-V-binding and elicited hemolysis. Following exposure to 30 μM dicoumarol, annexin-V-binding affected approximately 15%, and hemolysis 2% of treated erythrocytes. The stimulation of annexin-V-binding by dicoumarol was abrogated in the nominal absence of Ca(2+). In conclusion, dicoumarol stimulates suicidal death of erythrocytes by stimulating Ca(2+) entry and subsequent triggering of Ca(2+) dependent cell membrane scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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The redox antimalarial dihydroartemisinin targets human metastatic melanoma cells but not primary melanocytes with induction of NOXA-dependent apoptosis. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1289-301. [PMID: 21547369 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that altered redox control of melanoma cell survival, proliferation, and invasiveness represents a chemical vulnerability that can be targeted by pharmacological modulation of cellular oxidative stress. The endoperoxide artemisinin and semisynthetic artemisinin-derivatives including dihydroartemisinin (DHA) constitute a major class of antimalarials that kill plasmodium parasites through induction of iron-dependent oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate that DHA may serve as a redox chemotherapeutic that selectively induces melanoma cell apoptosis without compromising viability of primary human melanocytes. Cultured human metastatic melanoma cells (A375, G361, LOX) were sensitive to DHA-induced apoptosis with upregulation of cellular oxidative stress, phosphatidylserine externalization, and activational cleavage of procaspase 3. Expression array analysis revealed DHA-induced upregulation of oxidative and genotoxic stress response genes (GADD45A, GADD153, CDKN1A, PMAIP1, HMOX1, EGR1) in A375 cells. DHA exposure caused early upregulation of the BH3-only protein NOXA, a proapototic member of the Bcl2 family encoded by PMAIP1, and genetic antagonism (siRNA targeting PMAIP1) rescued melanoma cells from apoptosis indicating a causative role of NOXA-upregulation in DHA-induced melanoma cell death. Comet analysis revealed early DHA-induction of genotoxic stress accompanied by p53 activational phosphorylation (Ser 15). In primary human epidermal melanocytes, viability was not compromised by DHA, and oxidative stress, comet tail moment, and PMAIP1 (NOXA) expression remained unaltered. Taken together, these data demonstrate that metastatic melanoma cells display a specific vulnerability to DHA-induced NOXA-dependent apoptosis and suggest feasibility of future anti-melanoma intervention using artemisinin-derived clinical redox antimalarials.
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Cabello CM, Lamore SD, Bair WB, Davis AL, Azimian SM, Wondrak GT. DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) as a genotype-directed redox chemotherapeutic targeting NQO1*2 breast carcinoma. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:276-92. [PMID: 21034357 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.526766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulative experimental evidence suggests feasibility of chemotherapeutic intervention targeting human cancer cells by pharmacological modulation of cellular oxidative stress. Current efforts aim at personalization of redox chemotherapy through identification of predictive tumour genotypes and redox biomarkers. Based on earlier research demonstrating that anti-melanoma activity of the pro-oxidant 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) is antagonized by cellular NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) expression, this study tested DCPIP as a genotype-directed redox chemotherapeutic targeting homozygous NQO1*2 breast carcinoma, a common missense genotype [rs1800566 polymorphism; NP_000894.1:p.Pro187Ser] encoding a functionally impaired NQO1 protein. In a panel of cultured breast carcinoma cell lines and NQO1-transfectants with differential NQO1 expression levels, homozygous NQO1*2 MDA-MB231 cells were hypersensitive to DCPIP-induced caspase-independent cell death that occurred after early onset of oxidative stress with glutathione depletion and loss of genomic integrity. Array analysis revealed upregulated expression of oxidative (GSTM3, HMOX1, EGR1), heat shock (HSPA6, HSPA1A, CRYAB) and genotoxic stress response (GADD45A, CDKN1A) genes confirmed by immunoblot detection of HO-1, Hsp70, Hsp70B', p21 and phospho-p53 (Ser15). In a murine xenograft model of human homozygous NQO1*2-breast carcinoma, systemic administration of DCPIP displayed significant anti-tumour activity, suggesting feasibility of redox chemotherapeutic intervention targeting the NQO1*2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Cabello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Inhibition of angiogenesis- and inflammation-inducing factors in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in ovo by free and nanoparticle-encapsulated redox dye, DCPIP. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:17. [PMID: 20633276 PMCID: PMC2911398 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The redox dye, DCPIP, has recently shown to exhibit anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that synthetic nanoparticles can serve as highly efficient carriers of drugs and vaccines for treatment of various diseases. These nanoparticles have shown to serve as potent tools that can increase the bioavailability of the drug/vaccine by facilitating absorption or conferring sustained and improved release. Here, we describe results on the effects of free- and nanoparticle-enclosed DCPIP as anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation agents in a human colon cancer HCT116 cell line in vitro, and in induced angiogenesis in ovo. Results The studies described in this report indicate that (a) DCPIP inhibits proliferation of HCT116 cells in vitro; (b) DCPIP can selectively downregulate expression of the pro-angiogenesis growth factor, VEGF; (c) DCPIP inhibits activation of the transcriptional nuclear factor, NF-κB; (d) DCPIP can attenuate or completely inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane; (e) DCPIP at concentrations higher than 6 μg/ml induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells as confirmed by detection of caspase-3 and PARP degradation; and (f) DCPIP encapsulated in nanoparticles is equally or more effective than free DCPIP in exhibiting the aforementioned properties (a-e) in addition to reducing the expression of COX-2, and pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusions We propose that, DCPIP may serve as a potent tool to prevent or disrupt the processes of cell proliferation, tissue angiogenesis and inflammation by directly or indirectly targeting expression of specific cellular factors. We also propose that the activities of DCPIP may be long-lasting and/or enhanced if it is delivered enclosed in specific nanoparticles.
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Abstract
Glyoxalase I [lactoylglutathione lyase (EC 4.4.1.5) encoded by GLO1] is a ubiquitous cellular defense enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis. Accumulative evidence suggests an important role of GLO1 expression in protection against methylglyoxal-dependent protein adduction and cellular damage associated with diabetes, cancer, and chronological aging. On the basis of the hypothesis that GLO1 upregulation may play a functional role in glycolytic adaptations of cancer cells, we examined GLO1 expression status in human melanoma tissue. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of a cDNA tissue array containing 40 human melanoma tissues (stages III and IV) and 13 healthy controls revealed pronounced upregulation of GLO1 expression at the mRNA level. Immunohistochemical analysis of a melanoma tissue microarray confirmed upregulation of glyoxalase I protein levels in malignant melanoma tissue versus healthy human skin. Consistent with an essential role of GLO1 in melanoma cell defense against methylglyoxal cytotoxicity, siRNA interference targeting GLO1-expression (siGLO1) sensitized A375 and G361 human metastatic melanoma cells towards the antiproliferative, apoptogenic, and oxidative stress-inducing activity of exogenous methylglyoxal. Protein adduction by methylglyoxal was increased in siGLO1-transfected cells as revealed by immunodetection using a monoclonal antibody directed against the major methylglyoxal-derived epitope argpyrimidine that detected a single band of methylglyoxal-adducted protein in human LOX, G361, and A375 total cell lysates. Using two-dimensional proteomics followed by mass spectrometry the methylglyoxal-adducted protein was identified as heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27; HSPB1). Taken together, our data suggest a function of GLO1 in the regulation of detoxification and target adduction by the glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal in malignant melanoma.
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