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Lei X, Chen M, Huang M, Li X, Shi C, Zhang D, Luo L, Zhang Y, Ma N, Chen H, Liang H, Ye W, Zhang D. Desacetylvinblastine Monohydrazide Disrupts Tumor Vessels by Promoting VE-cadherin Internalization. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:384-398. [PMID: 29290815 PMCID: PMC5743555 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinca alkaloids, the well-known tubulin-binding agents, are widely used for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, little attention has been paid to their vascular disrupting effects, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the vascular disrupting effect and the underlying mechanisms of vinca alkaloids. Methods: The capillary disruption assay and aortic ring assay were performed to evaluate the in vitro vascular disrupting effect of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide (DAVLBH), a derivate of vinblastine, and the in vivo vascular disrupting effect was assessed on HepG2 xenograft model using magnetic resonance imaging, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Tubulin polymerization, endothelial cell monolayer permeability, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of DAVLBH-mediated tumor vascular disruption. Results: DAVLBH has potent vascular disrupting activity both in vitro and in vivo. DAVLBH disrupts tumor vessels in a different manner than classical tubulin-targeting VDAs; it inhibits microtubule polymerization, promotes the internalization of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and inhibits the recycling of internalized VE-cadherin to the cell membrane, thus increasing endothelial cell permeability and ultimately resulting in vascular disruption. DAVLBH-mediated promotion of VE-cadherin internalization and inhibition of internalized VE-cadherin recycling back to the cell membrane are partly dependent on inhibition of microtubule polymerization, and Src activation is involved in DAVLBH-induced VE-cadherin internalization. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the tumor vascular disrupting effect and underlying mechanisms of vinca alkaloids and provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of tubulin-targeting VDAs.
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Xu L, Wang W, Meng T, Ma LP, Tong LJ, Shen JK, Wang YQ, Miao ZH. New microtubulin inhibitor MT189 suppresses angiogenesis via the JNK-VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2017; 416:57-65. [PMID: 29248713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The microtubulin inhibitor MT189 possesses anticancer activity and has been shown to overcome multidrug resistance. Here, we report that MT189 also inhibits angiogenesis. MT189 inhibited the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells, with or without VEGF stimulation, and suppressed microvessel formation ex vivo and in vivo. MT189 reduced VEGF expression and secretion in both tumor and endothelial cells, under either hypoxic or normoxic conditions. The activation of VEGFR2 and downstream Src was thus abrogated in the MT189-treated endothelial cells. MT189 subsequently stabilized endothelial cell-cell junctions consist of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, vinculin, and actin. MT189 also disrupted endothelial cell-matrix junctions by inhibiting the turnover of focal adhesions containing FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and actin. Inhibition of JNK reversed MT189-mediated inhibition of endothelial migration and differentiation, JNK activation, the reduction of VEGF expression and secretion, and the decrease of Src and FAK phosphorylation. These results indicate that MT189 suppresses angiogenesis by reducing endothelial proliferation, migration, and differentiation via the JNK-VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling axis. Together with our previous report showing that MT189 exhibited anticancer activity via the JNK-MCL-1 pathway, these new findings further support MT189-based drug development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan-Ping Ma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Tong
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Kang Shen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Hu T, Yang C, Fu M, Yang J, Du R, Ran X, Yin T, Wang G. Cytotoxic effects of docetaxel as a candidate drug of drug-eluting stent on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the signaling pathway of cell migration inhibition, adhesion delay and shape change. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:167-178. [PMID: 28596914 PMCID: PMC5458539 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX), a paclitaxel analogue, can efficiently inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and has broadly been used as an antiangiogenesis drug. However, as a candidate drug of drug-eluting stent, the effects of DTX on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are still not well understood. Herein, we investigated the effects of DTX on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration and morphology of HUVECs in vitro. We found that DTX had the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects at low and high concentrations, respectively. DTX could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HUVECs, induce HUVECs apoptosis, delay HUVECs adhesion and decrease spreading area and aspect ratio of individual cells. The signaling pathway that DTX led to the migration inhibition, adhesion delay and shape change of HUVECs is the VE-cadherin mediated integrin β1/FAK/ROCK signaling pathway. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of DTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Meiling Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rolin Du
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaolin Ran
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Correspondence address. Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. Tel: +86(0)23-65112675; Fax: +86(0)23-65112507; E-mail:
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Gupton JT, Yeudall S, Telang N, Hoerrner M, Huff E, Crawford E, Lounsbury K, Kimmel M, Curry W, Harrison A, Juekun W, Shimozono A, Ortolani J, Lescalleet K, Patteson J, Moore-Stoll V, Rohena CC, Mooberry SL, Obaidullah AJ, Kellogg GE, Sikorski JA. Ortho group activation of a bromopyrrole ester in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions: Application to the synthesis of new microtubule depolymerizing agents with potent cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3206-3214. [PMID: 28433513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New microtubule depolymerizing agents with potent cytotoxic activities have been prepared with a 5-cyano or 5-oximino group attached to a pyrrole core. The utilization of ortho activation of a bromopyrrole ester to facilitate successful Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions was a key aspect of the synthetic methodology. This strategy allows for control of regiochemistry with the attachment of four completely different groups at the 2, 3, 4 and 5 positions of the pyrrole scaffold. Biological evaluations and molecular modeling studies are reported for these examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Gupton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
| | - Scott Yeudall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Nakul Telang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Megan Hoerrner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Ellis Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Evan Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Katie Lounsbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Michael Kimmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - William Curry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Wen Juekun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Alex Shimozono
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Joe Ortolani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Kristin Lescalleet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Jon Patteson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | | | - Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Porcù E, Salvador A, Primac I, Mitola S, Ronca R, Ravelli C, Bortolozzi R, Vedaldi D, Romagnoli R, Basso G, Viola G. Vascular disrupting activity of combretastatin analogues. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Porcù E, Persano L, Ronca R, Mitola S, Bortolozzi R, Romagnoli R, Oliva P, Basso G, Viola G. The Novel Antitubulin Agent TR-764 Strongly Reduces Tumor Vasculature and Inhibits HIF-1α Activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27886. [PMID: 27292568 PMCID: PMC4904223 DOI: 10.1038/srep27886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin binding agents (TBAs) are commonly used in cancer therapy as antimitotics. It has been described that TBAs, like combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), present also antivascular activity and among its derivatives we identified TR-764 as a new inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, based on the 2-(alkoxycarbonyl)-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyanilino)benzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton. The antiangiogenic activity of TR-764 (1-10 nM) was tested in vitro on human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in vivo, on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and two murine tumor models. TR-764 binding to tubulin triggers cytoskeleton rearrangement without affecting cell cycle and viability. It leads to capillary tube disruption, increased cell permeability, and cell motility reduction. Moreover it disrupts adherens junctions and focal adhesions, through mechanisms involving VE-cadherin/β-catenin and FAK/Src. Importantly, TR-764 is active in hypoxic conditions significantly reducing HIF-1α. In vivo TR-764 (1-100 pmol/egg) remarkably blocks the bFGF proangiogenic activity on CAM and shows a stronger reduction of tumor mass and microvascular density both in murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, compared to the lead compound CA-4P. Altogether, our results indicate that TR-764 is a novel TBA with strong potential as both antivascular and antitumor molecule that could improve the common anticancer therapies, by overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Porcù
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia pediatrica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia pediatrica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Dipartimento di Medicina molecolare e traslazionale Unità di oncologia sperimentale ed immunologia. Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Dipartimento di Medicina molecolare e traslazionale Unità di oncologia sperimentale ed immunologia. Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia pediatrica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Oliva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia pediatrica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia pediatrica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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7
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Recent developments in tubulin polymerization inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:89-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Da C, Mooberry SL, Gupton JT, Kellogg GE. How to deal with low-resolution target structures: using SAR, ensemble docking, hydropathic analysis, and 3D-QSAR to definitively map the αβ-tubulin colchicine site. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7382-95. [PMID: 23961916 DOI: 10.1021/jm400954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
αβ-Tubulin colchicine site inhibitors (CSIs) from four scaffolds that we previously tested for antiproliferative activity were modeled to better understand their effect on microtubules. Docking models, constructed by exploiting the SAR of a pyrrole subset and HINT scoring, guided ensemble docking of all 59 compounds. This conformation set and two variants having progressively less structure knowledge were subjected to CoMFA, CoMFA+HINT, and CoMSIA 3D-QSAR analyses. The CoMFA+HINT model (docked alignment) showed the best statistics: leave-one-out q(2) of 0.616, r(2) of 0.949, and r(2)pred (internal test set) of 0.755. An external (tested in other laboratories) collection of 24 CSIs from eight scaffolds were evaluated with the 3D-QSAR models, which correctly ranked their activity trends in 7/8 scaffolds for CoMFA+HINT (8/8 for CoMFA). The combination of SAR, ensemble docking, hydropathic analysis, and 3D-QSAR provides an atomic-scale colchicine site model more consistent with a target structure resolution much higher than the ~3.6 Å available for αβ-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Da
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
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9
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Porcù E, Viola G, Bortolozzi R, Persano L, Mitola S, Ronca R, Presta M, Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Basso G. TR-644 a novel potent tubulin binding agent induces impairment of endothelial cells function and inhibits angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:647-62. [PMID: 23456551 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
TR-644 is a novel combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogue endowed with potent microtubule depolymerizing activity superior to that of the lead compound and it also has high affinity to colchicines binding site of tubulin. We tested TR-644 anti-angiogenic effects in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). It showed no significant effects on the growth of HUVEC cells at concentrations below 1,000 nM, but at much lower concentrations (10-100 nM) it induced inhibition of capillary tube formation, inhibition of endothelial cell migration and affected endothelial cell morphology as demonstrated by the disruption of the microtubule network. TR-644 also increased permeability of HUVEC cells in a time dependent manner. The molecular mechanism for the anti-vascular activity of TR-644 was investigated in detail. TR-644 caused G2/M arrest in endothelial cells and this effect correlated with downregulation of the expression of Cdc25C and Cdc2(Tyr15). Moreover TR-644 inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VE-cadherin but did not prevent the VEGF-induced phosphorylation of FAK. In chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo assay, TR-644 (0.1-1.0 pmol/egg) efficiently counteracted the strong angiogenic response induced by FGF. Also CA-4, used as reference compound, caused an antagonistic effect, but in contrast, it induced per se, a remarkable angiogenic response probably due to an inflammatory reaction in the site of treatment. In a mice allogenic tumor model, immunohistochemical staining of tumors with anti-CD31 antibody showed that TR-644 significantly reduced the number of vessel, after 24 h from the administration of a single dose (30 mg/Kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Porcù
- Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padua, Italy
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10
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Da C, Telang N, Hall K, Kluball E, Barelli P, Finzel K, Jia X, Gupton JT, Mooberry SL, Kellogg GE. Developing novel C-4 analogues of pyrrole-based antitubulin agents: weak but critical hydrogen bonding in the colchicine site. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:417-421. [PMID: 23457660 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of a series of pyrrole compounds related to 3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid that evaluates and optimizes C-4 substituents are reported. The key factor for microtubule depolymerization activity appears to be the presence of an appropriately positioned acceptor for Cys241β in the otherwise hydrophobic subpocket A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Da
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23298-0540
| | - Nakul Telang
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Kayleigh Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Emily Kluball
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Peter Barelli
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Kara Finzel
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - John T Gupton
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23173
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA 78229-3900
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA 23298-0540
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Autophagy, cell death and sustained senescence arrest in B16/F10 melanoma cells and HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells in response to the novel microtubule poison, JG-03-14. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23178952 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-2024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that the novel microtubule poison, JG-03-14, which binds to the colchicine binding site of tubulin, has the capacity to kill breast tumor cells primarily through the promotion of autophagy. The current work was designed to determine whether autophagy was, in fact, the primary mode of action as well as susceptibility to JG-03-14 in two additional tumor cell models, the B16/F10 murine melanoma cell line and the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line. METHODS Drug cytotoxicity was monitored based on viable cell number and clonogenic survival. Apoptosis was assessed by DAPI staining, the TUNEL assay and/or FACS analysis. Autophagy was monitored based on staining with acridine orange, redistribution and punctuation of RFP-LC3 and electron microscopy as well as p62 degradation. Senescence was evaluated based on β-galactosidase staining and alterations in cell morphology. Drug effects were also evaluated in a murine model of B16/F10 cells that localizes to the lungs while peripheral neuropathy was assessed by three complementary behavioral assays. RESULTS Both HCT-116 colon cancer cells and B16/F10 melanoma cells were sensitive to JG-03-14 in that the drug demonstrated tumor cell killing. However, there was minimal induction of apoptosis. In contrast, there was clear evidence for autophagy and autophagic flux while the residual surviving cells appeared to be in a state of irreversible senescence. Inhibition of drug-induced autophagy in either the melanoma cells or the colon carcinoma cells was only slightly protective as the cells instead died by apoptosis. JG-03-14 reduced the size of tumor nodules in mice lungs; furthermore, the drug did not promote peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with evidence for its actions as a vascular disrupting agent, these observations support the potential utility of JG-03-14 to effectively treat malignancies that might be resistant to conventional chemotherapy through evasion of apoptosis.
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Lu Y, Chen J, Xiao M, Li W, Miller DD. An overview of tubulin inhibitors that interact with the colchicine binding site. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2943-71. [PMID: 22814904 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin dynamics is a promising target for new chemotherapeutic agents. The colchicine binding site is one of the most important pockets for potential tubulin polymerization destabilizers. Colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSI) exert their biological effects by inhibiting tubulin assembly and suppressing microtubule formation. A large number of molecules interacting with the colchicine binding site have been designed and synthesized with significant structural diversity. CBSIs have been modified as to chemical structure as well as pharmacokinetic properties, and tested in order to find a highly potent, low toxicity agent for treatment of cancers. CBSIs are believed to act by a common mechanism via binding to the colchicine site on tubulin. The present review is a synopsis of compounds that have been reported in the past decade that have provided an increase in our understanding of the actions of CBSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, 847 Monroe Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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13
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Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Salvador MK, Preti D, Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Brancale A, Fu XH, Li J, Zhang SZ, Hamel E, Bortolozzi R, Porcù E, Basso G, Viola G. Discovery and optimization of a series of 2-aryl-4-amino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)thiazoles as novel anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5433-45. [PMID: 22578111 DOI: 10.1021/jm300388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors based on the 2-aryl/heteroaryl-4-amino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)thiazole scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for growth inhibition activity on a panel of cancer cell lines, cell cycle effects, and in vivo potency. Structure-activity relationships were elucidated with various substitutions at the 2-position of the thiazole skeleton. Hydrophobic moieties, such as phenyl and 3-thienyl, were well tolerated at this position, and variation of the phenyl substituents had remarkable effects on potency. The most active compound (3b) induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway with activation of caspase-3. We also showed that it has potential antivascular activity since it reduced in vitro endothelial cell migration and disrupted capillary-like tube formation at noncytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, compound 3b significantly reduced the growth of the HT-29 xenograft in a nude mouse model, suggesting that 3b is a promising new antimitotic agent with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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14
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Da C, Telang N, Barelli P, Jia X, Gupton JT, Mooberry SL, Kellogg GE. Pyrrole-Based Antitubulin Agents: Two Distinct Binding Modalities are Predicted for C-2 Analogs in the Colchicine Site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:53-57. [PMID: 22611477 DOI: 10.1021/ml200217u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a promising antitubulin lead agent that targets the colchicine site of tubulin. C-2 analogs were synthesized and tested for microtubule depolymerizing and antiproliferative activity. Molecular modeling studies using both GOLD docking and HINT (Hydropathic INTeraction) scoring revealed two distinct binding modes that explain the structural-activity relationships and are in accord with the structural basis of colchicine binding to tubulin. The binding mode of higher activity compounds is buried deeper in the site and overlaps well with rings A and C of colchicine, while the lower activity binding mode shows fewer critical contacts with tubulin. The model distinguishes highly active compounds from those with weaker activities and provides novel insights into the colchicine site and compound design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Da
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
| | - Nakul Telang
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald
Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Peter Barelli
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald
Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald
Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - John T. Gupton
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald
Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio,
Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | - Glen E. Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
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15
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Bayless KJ, Johnson GA. Role of the cytoskeleton in formation and maintenance of angiogenic sprouts. J Vasc Res 2011; 48:369-85. [PMID: 21464572 DOI: 10.1159/000324751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing structures, and is a key step in tissue and organ development, wound healing and pathological events. Changes in cell shape orchestrated by the cytoskeleton are integral to accomplishing the various steps of angiogenesis, and an intact cytoskeleton is also critical for maintaining newly formed structures. This review focuses on how the 3 main cytoskeletal elements--microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments--regulate the formation and maintenance of angiogenic sprouts. Multiple classes of compounds target microtubules and microfilaments, revealing much about the role of actin and tubulin and their associated molecules in angiogenic sprout formation and maintenance. In contrast, intermediate filaments are much less studied, yet intriguing evidence suggests a vital, but unresolved, role in angiogenic sprouting. This review discusses evidence for regulatory molecules and pharmacological compounds that affect actin, microtubule and intermediate filament dynamics to alter various steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial sprout formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
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