1
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Yang P, Feng J, Zhu Y, Hao Y. A Novel Cell Volume Sensor for Real-Time Analysis of Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5255-5259. [PMID: 37639544 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channels play a vital role in cell volume regulation. A cell volume sensor was constructed by integrating regulatory volume decrease (RVD) with quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) for studying potassium channels and their expression. The sensor successfully monitored the K+ channel's activities during RVD by sensitive and noninvasive means. It showed that Ca2+ activated the K+ channel (KCa) and enhanced the RVD level. The inhibition of blockers on K+ channels exhibited an obvious difference in RVD level between normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal cells, suggesting that the KCa channel contributes a dominant role to the RVD function and provides an approach to identify the activation of various K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gu Z, Wang L, Yao X, Long Q, Lee K, Li J, Yue D, Yang S, Liu Y, Li N, Li Y. ClC-3/SGK1 regulatory axis enhances the olaparib-induced antitumor effect in human stomach adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 33093458 PMCID: PMC7583252 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, only a few available targeted drugs are considered to be effective in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) treatment. The PARP inhibitor olaparib is a molecularly targeted drug that continues to be investigated in BRCA-mutated tumors. However, in tumors without BRCA gene mutations, particularly in STAD, the effect and molecular mechanism of olaparib are unclear, which largely restricts the use of olaparib in STAD treatment. In this study, the in vitro results showed that olaparib specifically inhibited cell growth and migration, exerting antitumor effect in STAD cell lines. In addition, a ClC-3/SGK1 regulatory axis was identified and validated in STAD cells. We then found that the down-regulation of ClC-3/SGK1 axis attenuated olaparib-induced cell growth and migration inhibition. On the contrary, the up-regulation of ClC-3/SGK1 axis enhanced olaparib-induced cell growth and migration inhibition, and the enhancement effect could be attenuated by SGK1 knockdown. Consistently, the whole-cell recorded chloride current activated by olaparib presented the same variation trend. Next, the clinical data showed that ClC-3 and SGK1 were highly expressed in human STAD tissues and positively correlated (r = 0.276, P = 0.009). Furthermore, high protein expression of both ClC-3 (P = 0.030) and SGK1 (P = 0.006) was associated with poor survival rate in STAD patients, and positive correlations between ClC-3/SGK1 and their downstream molecules in STAD tissues were demonstrated via the GEPIA datasets. Finally, our results suggested that olaparib inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway in STAD cells, and up-regulation of ClC-3/SGK1 axis enhanced olaparib-induced PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. The animal experiments indicated that olaparib also exerted antitumor effect in vivo. Altogether, our findings illustrate that olaparib exerts antitumor effect in human STAD, and ClC-3/SGK1 regulatory axis enhances the olaparib-induced antitumor effect. Up-regulation of the ClC-3/SGK1 axis may provide promising therapeutic potential for the clinical application of olaparib in STAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Gu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaping Lee
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangning Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingdao No. 9 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Ion Channel Dysregulation in Head and Neck Cancers: Perspectives for Clinical Application. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:375-427. [PMID: 32789787 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a highly complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve very diverse anatomical structures and distinct aetiological factors, treatments and clinical outcomes. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predominant and the sixth most common cancer worldwide with still low survival rates. Omic technologies have unravelled the intricacies of tumour biology, harbouring a large diversity of genetic and molecular changes to drive the carcinogenesis process. Nonetheless, this remarkable heterogeneity of molecular alterations opens up an immense opportunity to discover novel biomarkers and develop molecular-targeted therapies. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of ion channel expression and/or function is frequently and commonly observed in a variety of cancers from different origin. As a consequence, the concept of ion channels as potential membrane therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis has attracted growing attention. This chapter intends to comprehensively and critically review the current state-of-art ion channel dysregulation specifically focusing on head and neck cancers and to formulate the major challenges and research needs to translate this knowledge into clinical application. Based on current reported data, various voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (i.e. Kv3.4, Kv10.1 and Kv11.1) have been found frequently aberrantly expressed in HNSCC as well as precancerous lesions and are highlighted as clinically and biologically relevant features in both early stages of tumourigenesis and late stages of disease progression. More importantly, they also emerge as promising candidates as cancer risk markers, tumour markers and potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic targets for therapeutic interventions; however, the oncogenic properties seem to be independent of their ion-conducting function.
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4
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Xu X, Xu J, Zhao C, Hou X, Li M, Wang L, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhu L, Yang H. Antitumor effects of disulfiram/copper complex in the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via activating ClC-3 chloride channel. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109529. [PMID: 31606620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of the anticancer activity by disulfiram (DSF) chelated with copper (DSF/Cu2+) has been investigated recently, while the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be fully elucidated. Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) is over-expressed in a variety of cancers and involves multiple tumor biological events. However, whether the over-expression of ClC-3 in tumor cells affects the sensitivity of anti-tumor drugs remains unclear. Here, we showed that the involvement of ClC-3 chloride channel in the selective cytotoxicity of DSF/Cu2+ in the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The EC50 of DSF alone and DSF/Cu2+ in activating the Cl- channel were 95.36 μM and 0.31 μM in the CNE-2Z cells, respectively. DSF/Cu2+ exhibited a positive correlation between the induction of the Cl- currents and the inhibition of cell proliferation. DSF/Cu2+ increased the ClC-3 protein expression and induced the cell apoptosis. Cl- channel blockers, NPPB and DIDS, and ClC-3 siRNA partially inhibited the cell apoptosis, and depleted the Cl- currents induced by DSF/Cu2+ in CNE-2Z cells. However, these effects could not be observed in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelium NP69-SV40 T cells. In vivo, the transplanted human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumors size in the DSF/Cu2+ group decreased about 73.2% of those in the solvent control group. The chloride blockers partially inhibited the antitumor action of DSF/Cu2+. These data demonstrated that the selective cytotoxicity of DSF/Cu2+ may relate to its selective activation of ClC-3 Cl- channel pathways in CNE-2Z cells. ClC-3 Cl- channel can be viewed as a new and promising target for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingkui Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chongyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiuying Hou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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5
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Tang X, Feng J, Peng Z, Hou X, Zuo W, Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L. Different properties between spontaneous and volume-activated chloride currents in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its normal counterpart cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:486-493. [PMID: 31368181 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the spontaneous chloride currents (SCC) have been well studied in the normal cells, its properties and roles in neoplasms cells are still unknown. Here, we found that the SCC was manifested in the poorly differentiated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells, with some differences such as lower occurrence and bigger current density than those of the volume-activated chloride currents (VACC). NPPB, a chloride channel blocker, inhibited the SCC much stronger than the VACC. Down-regulation of chloride channel -3 (ClC-3), a volume and mechanically dependent ion channel, could significantly decrease the VACC, but not in SCC. The occurrence, latency, and mean density of the SCC were much lower in the normal nasopharyngeal NP69-SV40T cells than those in CNE-2Z cells. Our results demonstrated that the spontaneous electrical reactivity of neoplasm cells is higher than that of normal cells, which probably relates to their high physiological activity of neoplasm cells. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Spontaneous chloride currents (SCC) are well known in excitable tissues and regulate a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. During our researching on the volume-activated chloride currents (VACC) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells, SCC could be also observed with different properties from VACC. Meanwhile, the occurrence, latency, and mean density of the SCC were much higher in CNE-2Z cells than those in normal nasopharyngeal NP69-SV40T cells. Our results revealed the expression and characteristics of SCC in carcinoma cells and provided a preliminary experimental basis for further exploring the function of SCC in tumour cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiezhu Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Hou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Deng Z, Li W, Alahdal M, Zhang N, Xie J, Hu X, Chen Y, Fang H, Duan L, Gu L, Wang D. Overexpression of ClC-3 Chloride Channel in Chondrosarcoma: An In Vivo Immunohistochemical Study with Tissue Microarray. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5044-5053. [PMID: 31281178 PMCID: PMC6637820 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, ClC-3 chloride channel expression has been noted to be high in some tumors. In chondrosarcoma, which is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in the bone, there has been no previous literature regarding ClC-3 chloride channel expression. Here we evaluated the expression of ClC-3 chloride channel in chondrosarcoma and explored its clinical significance. Material/Methods In this study, 75 chondrosarcoma and 5 normal cartilage tissues were collected. Thereafter, tissue microarray was performed. Immunohistochemistry was also used to observe the level of ClC-3 chloride channel expression between normal and chondrosarcoma tissues. Results Results showed that the expression of ClC-3 chloride channel in the normal chondrocyte was thinner, since it showed distinct differentiation among chondrosarcoma specimens. Interestingly, we noticed that the moderately-differentiated chondrosarcoma (MDC) and the poorly-differentiated chondrosarcoma (PDC) exhibited 94.44% of ClC-3 chloride channel. Besides, the subcellular localization of ClC-3 chloride channel was changed in association with malignant degree changes. The subcellular localization of ClC-3 chloride channel in the MDC and PDC tissue was localized in the cytoplasm and both nucleus and cytoplasm: 83.33% (5 out of 6 cases) and 91.66% (11 out of 12 cases) respectively. On the other hand, we noticed that patient age and gender could have a relation with ClC-3 chloride channel expression; 30- to 60-year-old males showed more expression. Conclusions These results demonstrated a high frequency of ClC-3 chloride channel overexpression and subcellular localization differences in MDC and PDC tissue, suggesting a specific role of ClC-3 chloride channel in the pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wencui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Murad Alahdal
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ningfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Junxiong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Huankun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Daping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Gambogenic acid triggers apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells by activating volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channel. Fitoterapia 2019; 133:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Gu Z, Li Y, Yang X, Yu M, Chen Z, Zhao C, Chen L, Wang L. Overexpression of CLC-3 is regulated by XRCC5 and is a poor prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:115. [PMID: 30217218 PMCID: PMC6137920 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, many potential prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC) have been identified, but the prognosis of advanced GC patients remains poor. Chloride channels are promising cancer biomarkers, and their family member chloride channel-3 (CLC-3) is involved in multiple biological behaviors. However, whether CLC-3 is a prognostic biomarker for GC patients is rarely reported. The molecular mechanisms by which CLC-3 is regulated in GC are unclear. Methods The expression of CLC-3 and XRCC5 in human specimens was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The primary biological functions and pathways related to CLC-3 were enriched by RNA sequencing. A 5′-biotin-labeled DNA probe with a promoter region between − 248 and + 226 was synthesized to pull down CLC-3 promoter-binding proteins. Functional studies were detected by MTS, clone formation, wound scratch, transwell, and xenograft mice model. Mechanistic studies were investigated by streptavidin-agarose-mediated DNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay system, Co-IP, and immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that CLC-3 was overexpressed in human GC tissues and that overexpression of CLC-3 was a poor prognostic biomarker for GC patients (P = 0.012). Furthermore, higher expression of CLC-3 was correlated with deeper tumor invasion (P = 0.006) and increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016), and knockdown of CLC-3 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5 (XRCC5) was identified as a CLC-3 promoter-binding protein, and both CLC-3 (HR 1.671; 95% CI 1.012–2.758; P = 0.045) and XRCC5 (HR 1.795; 95% CI 1.076–2.994; P = 0.025) were prognostic factors of overall survival in GC patients. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the expression and function of CLC-3 were inhibited after XRCC5 knockdown, and the inhibition effects were rescued by CLC-3 overexpression. Meanwhile, the expression and function of CLC-3 were promoted after XRCC5 overexpression, and the promotion effects were reversed by the CLC-3 knockdown. The mechanistic study revealed that knockdown of XRCC5 suppressed the binding of XRCC5 to the CLC-3 promoter and subsequent promoter activity, thus regulating CLC-3 expression at the transcriptional level by interacting with PARP1. Conclusions Our findings indicate that overexpression of CLC-3 is regulated by XRCC5 and is a poor prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Double targeting CLC-3 and XRCC5 may provide the promising therapeutic potential for GC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0660-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meisheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanru Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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9
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Zhou C, Tang X, Xu J, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L, Yang H. Opening of the CLC-3 chloride channel induced by dihydroartemisinin contributed to early apoptotic events in human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9560-9572. [PMID: 30171707 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a specific type of head and neck cancer that is prevalent in Southeast Asia. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, has specific anticancer activity. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the CLC-3 chloride channel in the anticancer effect of DHA in poorly differentiated NPC CNE-2Z cells. First, we observed that DHA could specifically inhibit the proliferation, induce apoptosis, and increase cleaved caspase-3 expression in the CNE-2Z cells. Then, we found that DHA could activate chloride channels, which led to Cl- efflux and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) in the early stage in the CNE-2Z cells. DHA also specifically increased CLC-3 chloride channel protein expression in the CNE-2Z cells. Silencing of the CLC-3 protein expression depleted the Cl- currents, and decreased the AVD capacity and cell apoptosis induced by DHA. Finally, we revealed that the [Ca2+ ]i increased after around 6 hours of treatment with DHA, which was also inhibited by silencing of the CLC-3 protein expression. Our data demonstrated that the selective antitumor activities of DHA in NPC may occur through the specific activation of the CLC-3 Cl- channel, leading to Cl- efflux, and induced AVD, then led to [Ca2+ ]i accumulation and caspase-3 activation, and finally induced apoptosis. The activation of the CLC-3 chloride channel played an essential and proximal upstream role in the antitumor activities of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congran Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Analysis and Test Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Liu SW, Li Y, Zou LL, Guan YT, Peng S, Zheng LX, Deng SM, Zhu LY, Wang LW, Chen LX. Chloride channels are involved in sperm motility and are downregulated in spermatozoa from patients with asthenozoospermia. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:418-424. [PMID: 27270342 PMCID: PMC5507086 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.181816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human spermatozoa encounter an osmotic decrease from 330 to 290 mOsm l−1 when passing through the female reproductive tract. We aimed to evaluate the role of chloride channels in volume regulation and sperm motility from patients with asthenozoospermia. Spermatozoa were purified using Percoll density gradients. Sperm volume was measured as the forward scatter signal using flow cytometry. Sperm motility was analyzed using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). When transferred from an isotonic solution (330 mOsm l−1) to a hypotonic solution (290 mOsm l−1), cell volume was not changed in spermatozoa from normozoospermic men; but increased in those from asthenozoospermic samples. The addition of the chloride channel blockers, 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′- isulfonic acid (DIDS) or 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) to the hypotonic solution caused the normal spermatozoa to swell but did not increase the volume of those from the asthenozoospermic semen. DIDS and NPPB decreased sperm motility in both sets of semen samples. The inhibitory effect of NPPB on normal sperm motility was much stronger than on spermatozoa from the asthenozoospermic samples. Both sperm types expressed ClC-3 chloride channels, but the expression levels in the asthenozoospermic samples were much lower, especially in the neck and mid-piece areas. Spermatozoa from men with asthenozoospermia demonstrated lower volume regulating capacity, mobility, and ClC-3 expression levels (especially in the neck) than did normal spermatozoa. Thus, chloride channels play important roles in the regulation of sperm volume and motility and are downregulated in cases of asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Zheng
- Male Reproductive Center, Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Mei Deng
- Male Reproductive Center, Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Sun L, Dong Y, Zhao J, Yin Y, Tong B, Zheng Y, Xin H. NPPB modulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis of conjunctival fibroblasts by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1331-1338. [PMID: 29286070 PMCID: PMC5819927 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When treating glaucoma, excessive scar tissue reactions reduce the postoperative survival rate of the filtering bleb. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of fibroblasts are important molecular mechanisms underlying scar formation. Recent evidence has demonstrated that chloride channels play an important role in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and the cell cycle process in several cell types, but the effects of chloride channels on conjunctival fibroblasts have not be studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the chloride channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, cell cycle progression and ECM synthesis in human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs), and to further investigate the mechanism of resistance to scar formation following glaucoma filtration surgery. HConFs were exposed to NPPB or lubiprostone. Cell proliferation and viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell migration was measured using Transwell migration and scratch‑wound assays. Flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Following NPPB treatment, HConFs exhibited reduced proliferation and migration, along with increased apoptosis. NPPB also inhibited cell cycle progression by arresting cells in the G0̸G1 phase and reducing collagen I and fibronectin expression, as well as the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT). However, lubiprostone treatment exerted the opposite effects on HConFs. Therefore, NPPB treatment inhibited proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression and synthesis of the ECM, while promoting apoptosis in HConFs, by inhibiting the PI3K̸AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Bainan Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xin
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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12
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Yang H, Ma L, Wang Y, Zuo W, Li B, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L. Activation of ClC-3 chloride channel by 17β-estradiol relies on the estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1071-1081. [PMID: 28419445 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although extensively studied, the mechanisms by which estrogen promotes breast cancer growth remain to be fully elucidated. Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen agent to treat ERα+ breast cancer, is also a high-affinity blocker of the chloride channels. In this study, we explored the involvement of the chloride channels in the action of estrogen in breast cancer. We found that 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) concentration-dependently activated the chloride currents in ERα+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Extracellular hypertonic challenge and chloride channel blockers, NPPB and DIDS inhibited the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Decreased the ClC-3 protein expression caused the depletion of the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. 17β-E2-activated chloride currents which relied on the ERα expression were demonstrated by the following evidences. Firstly, 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could not be observed in ERα- breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Secondly, ER antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780, and downregulation of ERα expression inhibited or abolished the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Thirdly, ERα expression was induced in MDA-MB-231 cells by ESR1 gene transfection, and then 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could be observed. In MCF-7 cells, ERα and ClC-3 mainly located in nucleus and translocated to cell plasma and membrane with respect to co-localization following treatment of 17β-E2. Downregulation of ERα expression could decrease the expression of ClC-3 protein. Conversely, downregulation of ClC-3 expression did not influence the ERα expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that ClC-3 is a potential target of 17β-E2 and is modulated by the ERα in breast cancer cell. Pharmacological modulation of ClC-3 may provide a deep understanding in antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianshun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Analysis and Test Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Emodin suppresses the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting the chloride channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:615-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Deng Z, Peng S, Zheng Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Tan Q, Liang X, Gao H, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhu L, Jacob TJC, Chen L, Wang L. Estradiol activates chloride channels via estrogen receptor-α in the cell membranes of osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C162-C172. [PMID: 28468943 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00014.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen plays important roles in regulation of bone formation. Cl- channels in the ClC family are expressed in osteoblasts and are associated with bone physiology and pathology, but the relationship between Cl- channels and estrogen is not clear. In this study the action of estrogen on Cl- channels was investigated in the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line. Our results show that 17β-estradiol could activate a current that reversed at a potential close to the Cl- equilibrium potential, with a sequence of anion selectivity of I- > Br- > Cl- > gluconate, and was inhibited by the Cl- channel blockers 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid. Knockdown of ClC-3 Cl- channel expression by a specific small interfering RNA to ClC-3 attenuated activation of the 17β-estradiol-induced Cl- current. Extracellular application of membrane-impermeable 17β-estradiol-albumin conjugates activated a similar current. The estrogen-activated Cl- current could be inhibited by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant (ICI 182780). The selective ERα agonist, but not ERβ agonist, activated a Cl- current similar to that induced by 17β-estradiol. Silencing ERα expression prevented activation of estrogen-induced currents. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that ClC-3 Cl- channels and ERα were colocalized and closely related in cells. Estrogen promoted translocation of ClC-3 and ERα to the cell membrane from the nucleus. In conclusion, our findings show that Cl- channels can be activated by estrogen via ERα on the cell membrane and suggest that the ClC-3 Cl- channel may be one of the targets of estrogen in the regulation of osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuchan Tan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiechou Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tim J C Jacob
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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ClC-3 Chloride Channel Proteins Regulate the Cell Cycle by Up-regulating cyclin D1-CDK4/6 through Suppressing p21/p27 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30276. [PMID: 27451945 PMCID: PMC4959003 DOI: 10.1038/srep30276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown in this study that knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA prevented the activation of hypotonicity-induced chloride currents, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. Reconstitution of ClC-3 expression with ClC-3 expression plasmids could rescue the cells from the cell cycle arrest caused by ClC-3 siRNA treatments. Transfection of cells with ClC-3 siRNA decreased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6, and increased the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs), p21 and p27. Pretreatments of cells with p21 and p27 siRNAs depleted the inhibitory effects of ClC-3 siRNA on the expression of CDK4 and CDK6, but not on that of cyclin D1, indicating the requirement of p21 and p27 for the inhibitory effects of ClC-3 siRNA on CDK4 and CDK6 expression. ClC-3 siRNA inhibited cells to progress from the G1 phase to the S phase, but pretreatments of cells with p21 and p27 siRNAs abolished the inhibitory effects of ClC-3 siRNA on the cell cycle progress. Our data suggest that ClC-3 may regulate cell cycle transition between G0/G1 and S phases by up-regulation of the expression of CDK4 and CDK6 through suppression of p21 and p27 expression.
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16
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The CLC-2 Chloride Channel Modulates ECM Synthesis, Differentiation, and Migration of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060910. [PMID: 27294913 PMCID: PMC4926444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctival fibroblast (HConF) biology. To investigate the potential role of chloride channel (CLC)-2 in migration, transition to myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of HconF, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was applied. TGF-β1-induced migration and transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, supported by increased endogenous expression of CLC-2 protein and mRNA transcripts. ECM (collagen I and fibronectin) synthesis in HConF was enhanced by TGF-β1. CLC-2 siRNA treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and ECM synthesis of HConF. CLC-2 siRNA treatment in the presence of TGF-β1 inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in HConF. These findings demonstrate that CLC-2 chloride channels are important for TGF-β1-induced migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling in HConF.
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17
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Guan YT, Huang YQ, Wu JB, Deng ZQ, Wang Y, Lai ZY, Wang HB, Sun XX, Zhu YL, Du MM, Zhu LY, Chen LX, Wang LW. Overexpression of chloride channel-3 is associated with the increased migration and invasion ability of ectopic endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:986-98. [PMID: 26965430 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) involved in regulating the biological behavior of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER ClC-3 promotes endometriotic cell migration and invasion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ClC-3 plays a significant role in the migration and invasion of various kinds of cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An ITALIC! in vitro investigation of the effect of ClC-3 on the migration and invasion of ectopic ESCs from patients with endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The ectopic and eutopic endometrial samples from 43 female patients with endometriosis and the endometrial samples from 39 non-endometriotic female patients were collected. Primary cells from these samples were isolated and cultured. Real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of ClC-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to knock down ClC-3 expression. The migration and invasion ability of ESCs was measured by the transwell assay with uncoated or Matrigel-coated membranes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The expression of ClC-3 mRNA and proteins was significantly up-regulated in the ectopic tissues from endometriotic patients, while that in the eutopic endometrial tissues of the same patients did not significantly differ from that in non-endometriotic patients. The migration and invasion ability and MMP-9 expression was increased in the ESCs from ectopic endometrial tissues. The knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA inhibited ESC migration and invasion and attenuated the expression of MMP-9. ClC-3 expression level was well-correlated to the clinical characteristics and symptoms of endometriosis patients, including infertility, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and diameter of endometriosis lesion. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Further studies are needed to examine the regulatory mechanism of estrogen on ClC-3 expression of ESCs. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS ClC-3 is involved in the migration and invasion processes of ESCs and can regulate MMP-9 expression. Up-regulation of ClC-3 expression may contribute to endometriosis development by regulating MMP-9 expression. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81173064, 81272223, 81273539), the Ministry of Education of China (20124401110009), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2011010001589) and the Science and Technology Programs of Guangdong (2013B051000059), Guangzhou (2013J500015) and Dongguan (2011108102006). The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-tao Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-qing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-bao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-qin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhou-yi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-xue Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ya-li Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-miao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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18
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Liu LI, Cai S, Qiu G, Lin J. Fluid shear stress enhances the cell volume decrease of osteoblast cells by increasing the expression of the ClC-3 chloride channel. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:408-412. [PMID: 27073622 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ClC-3 is a volume-sensitive chloride channel that is responsible for cell volume adjustment and regulatory cell volume decrease (RVD). In order to evaluate the effects of fluid shear stress (FSS) stimulation on the osteoblast ClC-3 chloride channel, MC3T3-E1 cells were stimulated by FSS in the experimental group. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect changes in ClC-3 mRNA expression, the chloride ion fluorescent probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE) was used to detect the chloride channel activity, and whole-cell patch clamping was used to monitor the changes in the volume-sensitive chloride current activated by a hypotonic environment following mechanical stimulation. The results show that the expression of the osteoblast chloride channel ClC-3 was significantly higher in the FSS group compared with the control group. MQAE fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in the FSS group compared to the control group, suggesting that mechanical stimulation increased chloride channel activity and increased the efflux of intracellular chloride ions. Image analysis of osteoblast volume changes showed that osteoblast RVD was enhanced by mechanical stimulation. Whole-cell patch clamping showed that the osteoblast volume-sensitive chloride current was larger in the stimulated group compared to the control group, suggesting that elevated ClC-3 chloride channel expression results in an increased volume-sensitive chloride current. In conclusion, FSS stimulation enhances the RVD of osteoblast cell by increasing the expression of the ClC-3 and enhancing the chloride channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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19
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Saccà SC, Gandolfi S, Bagnis A, Manni G, Damonte G, Traverso CE, Izzotti A. The Outflow Pathway: A Tissue With Morphological and Functional Unity. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1876-93. [PMID: 26754581 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) plays an important role in high-tension glaucomas. Indeed, the TM is a true organ, through which the aqueous humor flows from the anterior chamber to Schlemm's canal (SC). Until recently, the TM, which is constituted by endothelial-like cells, was described as a kind of passive filter. In reality, it is much more. The cells delineating the structures of the collagen framework of the TM are endowed with a cytoskeleton, and are thus able to change their shape. These cells also have the ability to secrete the extracellular matrix, which expresses proteins and cytokines, and are capable of phagocytosis and autophagy. The cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear membrane and can, in millionths of a second, send signals to the nucleus in order to alter the expression of genes in an attempt to adapt to biomechanical insult. Oxidative stress, as happens in aging, has a deleterious effect on the TM, leading eventually to cell decay, tissue malfunction, subclinical inflammation, changes in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, altered motility, reduced outflow facility, and (ultimately) increased IOP. TM failure is the most relevant factor in the cascade of events triggering apoptosis in the inner retinal layers, including ganglion cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1876-1893, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bagnis
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Eye Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Eye Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, IST National Institute for Cancer Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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20
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The AQP-3 water channel is a pivotal modulator of glycerol-induced chloride channel activation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 72:89-99. [PMID: 26794461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) and chloride channels are ubiquitous in virtually all living cells, playing pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. We previously reported that AQP-3 aquaglyceroporin and ClC-3 chloride channels could form complexes to regulate cell volume in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In this study, the roles of AQP-3 in their hetero-complexes were further investigated. Glycerol entered the cells via AQP-3 and induced two different Cl(-) currents through cell swelling-dependent or -independent pathways. The swelling-dependent Cl(-) current was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with CuCl2 and AQP-3-siRNA. After siRNA-induced AQP-3 knock-down, the 140 mM glycerol isoosmotic solution swelled cells by 22% (45% in AQP-3-intact cells) and induced a smaller Cl(-) current; this current was smaller than that activated by 8% cell volume swelling, which induced by the 140 mM glycerol hyperosmotic solution in AQP-3-intact cells. This suggests that the interaction between AQP-3 and ClC-3 plays an important role in cell volume regulation and that AQP-3 may be a modulator that opens volume-regulated chloride channels. The swelling-independent Cl(-) current, which was activated by extracellular glycerol, was reduced by CuCl2 and AQP-3-siRNA pretreatment. Dialyzing glycerol into cells via the pipette directly induced the swelling-independent Cl(-) current; however this current was blocked by AQP-3 down-regulation, suggesting AQP-3 is essential for the opening of chloride channels. In conclusion, AQP-3 is the pathway for water, glycerol and other small solutes to enter cells, and it may be an essential modulator for the gating of chloride channels.
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21
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Pan F, Guo R, Cheng W, Chai L, Wang W, Cao C, Li S. High glucose inhibits ClC-2 chloride channels and attenuates cell migration of rat keratinocytes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4779-91. [PMID: 26355894 PMCID: PMC4560522 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that migration of keratinocytes is critical to wound epithelialization, and defects of this function result in chronic delayed-healing wounds in diabetes mellitus patients, and the migration has been proved to be associated with volume-activated chloride channels. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG, 25 mM) on ClC-2 chloride channels and cell migration of keratinocytes. Methods Newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used to isolate and culture the keratinocyte in this study. Immunofluorescence assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assay were used to examine the expression of ClC-2 protein or mRNA. Scratch wound assay was used to measure the migratory ability of keratinocytes. Transwell cell migration assay was used to measure the invasion and migration of keratinocytes. Recombinant lentivirus vectors were established and transducted to keratinocytes. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to perform the electrophysiological studies. Results We found that the expression of ClC-2 was significantly inhibited when keratinocytes were exposed to a HG (25 mM) medium, accompanied by the decline of volume-activated Cl− current (ICl,vol), migration potential, and phosphorylated PI3K as compared to control group. When knockdown of ClC-2 by RNAi or pretreatment with wortmannin, similar results were observed, including ICl,vol and migration keratinocytes were inhibited. Conclusion Our study proved that HG inhibited ClC-2 chloride channels and attenuated cell migration of rat keratinocytes via inhibiting PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Pan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wei Y, Lin N, Zuo W, Luo H, Li Y, Liu S, Meng L, Fan A, Zhu L, Jacob TJC, Wang L, Chen L. Ethanol Promotes Cell Migration via Activation of Chloride Channels in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1341-51. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Na Lin
- Rongcheng Hospital; Rongcheng Shandong China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hai Luo
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Pathophysiology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shanwen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Long Meng
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Aihui Fan
- Department of Physiology ; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Tim J. C. Jacob
- Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology ; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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23
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Rao VR, Perez-Neut M, Kaja S, Gentile S. Voltage-gated ion channels in cancer cell proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:849-75. [PMID: 26010603 PMCID: PMC4491688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. The opening of ion channels alter the charge distribution across the surface membrane as they allow the diffusion of ions such as K+, Ca++, Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya R Rao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Mathew Perez-Neut
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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24
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Cai S, Zhang T, Zhang D, Qiu G, Liu Y. Volume-sensitive chloride channels are involved in cisplatin treatment of osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2465-70. [PMID: 25503821 PMCID: PMC4337627 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic strategy used to treat osteosarcoma. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of functionally activated chloride channels on cisplatin-induced apoptosis of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. An MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect proliferation and apoptosis of the cells, respectively. Live cell imaging was used to detect volume changes in response to treatment with cisplatin and/or chloride channel blockers. The effects of these treatments on chloride currents were also assayed using the patch-clamp technique. The results of the present study indicate that chloride channel blockers may suppress cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The MG-63 cells cultured with cisplatin demonstrated an apoptotic volume decrease, as well as suppression of cell proliferation; which were reversed by co-treatment with chloride channel blockers. These results suggest that cisplatin may activate chloride channels, and that channel activation is an early signal in the pathways that lead to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in MG-63 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that chloride channels have an important role in cisplatin treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Jinan University; Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
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25
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Zhang H, Li H, Liu E, Guang Y, Yang L, Mao J, Zhu L, Chen L, Wang L. The AQP-3 water channel and the ClC-3 chloride channel coordinate the hypotonicity-induced swelling volume in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Hong S, Bi M, Wang L, Kang Z, Ling L, Zhao C. CLC-3 channels in cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 33:507-14. [PMID: 25421907 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis (programed cell death). Since increased cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis are characteristic features of tumorigenesis, targeting ion channels is a promising strategy for treating cancer. CLC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and is expressed in many cancer cells. In the plasma membrane, CLC-3 functions as a chloride channel and is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. CLC-3 is also located in intracellular compartments, contributing to their acidity, which increases sequestration of drugs and leads to chemotherapy drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the recent findings concerning the involvement of CLC-3 in cancer and explore its potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hong
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Limian Ling
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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27
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Huang W, Liu M, Zhu L, Liu S, Luo H, Ma L, Wang H, Lu R, Sun X, Chen L, Wang L. Functional expression of chloride channels and their roles in the cell cycle and cell proliferation in highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/9/e12137. [PMID: 25214521 PMCID: PMC4270222 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the growth of the poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE‐2Z) was more dependent on the activities of volume‐activated chloride channels than that of the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69‐SV40T). However, the activities and roles of such volume‐activated chloride channels in highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE‐1) are not clarified. In this study, it was found that a volume‐activated chloride current and a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) were induced by 47% hypotonic challenges. The current density and the capacity of RVD in the highly differentiated CNE‐1 cells were lower than those in the poorly differentiated CNE‐2Z cells, and higher than those in the normal cells (NP69‐SV40T). The chloride channel blockers, 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and tamoxifen inhibited the current and RVD. Depletion of intracellular Cl− abolished the RVD. The chloride channel blockers reversibly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phases, but did not change cell viability. The sensitivity of the three cell lines to the chloride channel blockers was different, with the highest in poorly differentiated cells (CNE‐2Z) and the lowest in the normal cells (NP69‐SV40T). ClC‐3 proteins were expressed in the three cells and distributed inside the cells as well as on the cell membrane. In conclusion, the highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐1 cells functionally expressed the volume‐activated chloride channels, which may play important roles in controlling cell proliferation through modulating the cell cycle, and may be associated with cell differentiation. Chloride channels may be a potential target of anticancer therapy. In this paper, we demonstrated that the volume‐activated chloride channels were involved in regulating CNE‐1 cells proliferation and cell cycle progress. Thus, volume‐activated chloride channels may be a potential target of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanwen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianshun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiling Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Zhang H, Li H, Yang L, Deng Z, Luo H, Ye D, Bai Z, Zhu L, Ye W, Wang L, Chen L. The ClC-3 chloride channel associated with microtubules is a target of paclitaxel in its induced-apoptosis. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2615. [PMID: 24026363 PMCID: PMC3770968 DOI: 10.1038/srep02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences show that cationic fluxes play a pivotal role in cell apoptosis. In this study, the roles of Cl− channels in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis were investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. Chloride current and apoptosis were induced by paclitaxel and inhibited by chloride channel blockers. Paclitaxel-activated current possessed similar properties to volume-activated chloride current. After ClC-3 was knocked-down by ClC-3-siRNA, hypotonicity-activated and paclitaxel-induced chloride currents were obviously decreased, indicating that the chloride channel involved in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis may be ClC-3. In early apoptotic cells, ClC-3 was up-regulated significantly; over-expressed ClC-3 was accumulated in cell membrane to form intercrossed filaments, which were co-localized with α-tubulins; changes of ultrastructures and decrease of flexibility in cell membrane were detected by atomic force microscopy. These suggest that ClC-3 is a critical target of paclitaxel and the involvement of ClC-3 in apoptosis may be associated with its accumulation with membrane microtubules and its over activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- 1] Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China [3]
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29
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WANG HONGWEI, ZHENG YAJUAN. Effect of CLC-2 on the cytoskeleton in human trabecular meshwork cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1099-105. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Liu J, Zhang D, Li Y, Chen W, Ruan Z, Deng L, Wang L, Tian H, Yiu A, Fan C, Luo H, Liu S, Wang Y, Xiao G, Chen L, Ye W. Discovery of bufadienolides as a novel class of ClC-3 chloride channel activators with antitumor activities. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5734-43. [PMID: 23799775 DOI: 10.1021/jm400881m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ClC-3 chloride (Cl(-)) channel has been shown to be involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell migration processes. Herein, we found that a series of bufadienolides isolated from toad venom were a novel class of ClC-3 Cl(-) channel activators with antitumor activities. Bufalin, which has the most potent antitumor activity, and 15β-acetyloxybufalin, which has no antitumor activity, were chosen as representative compounds to investigate the role of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel. It was found that bufalin rapidly elicited activation of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel and subsequently induced apoptosis through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was attenuated by pretreatment with Cl(-) channel blockers [tamoxifen and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid, NPPB] or ClC-3 small interfereing RNA. In summary, we discovered that activation of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel, which subsequently induced inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, was involved in the antitumor activities of bufadienolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and §Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhu L, Zuo W, Yang H, Zhang H, Luo H, Ye D, Lin X, Mao J, Feng J, Chen L, Wang L. Involvement of Volume-Activated Chloride Channels in H2O2 Preconditioning Against Oxidant-Induced Injury Through Modulating Cell Volume Regulation Mechanisms and Membrane Permeability in PC12 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:205-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Zhang H, Zhu L, Zuo W, Luo H, Mao J, Ye D, Li Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Ye W, Chen L, Wang L. The ClC-3 chloride channel protein is a downstream target of cyclin D1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:672-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Arnaiz I, Johnson MH, Cook DI, Day ML. Changing expression of chloride channels during preimplantation mouse development. Reproduction 2013; 145:73-84. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane chloride channels (ClCs) play important roles in a broad range of cellular processes including cell volume regulation, proliferation, and transepithelial transport, all of which are critical during preimplantation embryonic development. In this study, the molecular and functional expression of voltage-gated ClCs was analyzed throughout preimplantation development of the mouse conceptus. mRNA transcripts for allClcngenes were detected. OnlyClcn1mRNA showed differential expression in the blastocyst, being detected in the trophectoderm but not in the inner cell mass. CLCN3 protein was detected at low levels in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane in 4-cell embryos and was localized to the apical plasma membrane of the trophoblasts in the blastocyst. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated the presence of a DIDS-sensitive, outwardly rectifying Cl−current throughout development, with this conductance being large at the 1-cell, morula and blastocyst stages. A second DIDS-insensitive Cl−current, which was inactivated by membrane depolarization, was present in cells differentiating into the trophoblast lineage and during blastocyst expansion. Inhibition of the DIDS-sensitive current and the DIDS-insensitive current, with 9-AC, prevented blastocyst expansion.
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Wang L, Ma W, Zhu L, Ye D, Li Y, Liu S, Li H, Zuo W, Li B, Ye W, Chen L. ClC-3 is a candidate of the channel proteins mediating acid-activated chloride currents in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C14-23. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00145.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid-activated chloride currents have been reported in several cell types and may play important roles in regulation of cell function. However, the molecular identities of the channels that mediate the currents are not defined. In this study, activation of the acid-induced chloride current and the possible candidates of the acid-activated chloride channel were investigated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z). A chloride current was activated when extracellular pH was reduced to 6.6 from 7.4. However, a further decrease of extracellular pH to 5.8 inhibited the current. The current was weakly outward-rectified and was suppressed by hypertonicity-induced cell shrinkage and by the chloride channel blockers 5-nitro-2–3-phenylpropylamino benzoic acid (NPPB), tamoxifen, and 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate (DIDS). The permeability sequence of the channel to anions was I− > Br− > Cl− > gluconate−. Among the ClC chloride channels, ClC-3 and ClC-7 were strongly expressed in CNE-2Z cells. Knockdown of ClC-3 expression with ClC-3 small interfering (si)RNA prevented the activation of the acid-induced current, but silence of ClC-7 expression with ClC-7 siRNA did not significantly affect the current. The results suggest that the chloride channel mediating the acid-induced chloride current was volume sensitive. ClC-3 is a candidate of the channel proteins that mediate or regulate the acid-activated chloride current in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Shanwen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; and
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35
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Yang L, Zhu L, Xu Y, Zhang H, Ye W, Mao J, Chen L, Wang L. Uncoupling of K+ and Cl- transport across the cell membrane in the process of regulatory volume decrease. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:292-302. [PMID: 22617318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is accepted that K(+) and Cl(-) flows are coupled tightly in regulatory volume decrease (RVD). However, using self referencing microelectrodes, we proved that K(+) and Cl(-) transport mainly by channels in RVD was uncoupled in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells, with the transient K(+) efflux activated earlier and sustained Cl(-) efflux activated later. Hypotonic challenges decreased intracellular pH (pH(i)), and activated a proton pump-dependent H(+) efflux, resulting in a decline of extracellular pH (pH(o)). Modest decreases of pH(o) inhibited the volume-activated K(+) outflow and RVD, but not the Cl(-) outflow, while inhibition of H(+) efflux or increase of pH(o) buffer ability promoted K(+) efflux and RVD. The results suggest that the temporal dynamics of K(+) channel activities is different from that of Cl(-) channels in RVD, due to differential sensitivity of K(+) and Cl(-) channels to pH(o). H(+) efflux may play important roles in cell volume regulation, and may be a therapeutic target for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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