1
|
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exerts cardioprotective effects related to energy metabolism in pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 723:109217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
2
|
Takano APC, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. The endocrinological component and signaling pathways associated to cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110972. [PMID: 32777452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although myocardial growth corresponds to an adaptive response to maintain cardiac contractile function, the cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that occurs in many cardiovascular diseases and typically precedes the onset of heart failure. Different endocrine factors such as thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET-1), catecholamines, estrogen, among others represent important stimuli to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, numerous endocrine disorders manifested as changes in the local environment or multiple organ systems are especially important in the context of progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Based on that information, this review summarizes experimental findings regarding the influence of such hormones upon signalling pathways associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Understanding mechanisms through which hormones differentially regulate cardiac hypertrophy could open ways to obtain therapeutic approaches that contribute to prevent or delay the onset of heart failure related to endocrine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Animal Models of Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Pressure Overload. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:3014693. [PMID: 32099670 PMCID: PMC7013318 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3014693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen, abnormal distribution, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. According to the researches in recent years, myocardial fibrosis, as the pathological basis of various cardiovascular diseases, has been proven to be a core determinant in ventricular remodeling. Pressure load is one of the causes of myocardial fibrosis. In experimental models of pressure-overload-induced myocardial fibrosis, significant increase in left ventricular parameters such as interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the decrease of ejection fraction are some of the manifestations of cardiac damage. These morphological and functional changes have a serious impact on the maintenance of physiological functions. Therefore, establishing a suitable myocardial fibrosis model is the basis of its pathogenesis research. This paper will discuss the methods of establishing myocardial fibrosis model and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the models in order to provide a strong basis for establishing a myocardial fibrosis model.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an extremely aggressive lung disease that develops almost exclusively in older individuals, carries a very poor prognosis, and lacks any truly effective therapies. The current conceptual model is that IPF develops because of an age-related decline in the ability of the lung epithelium to regenerate after injury, largely due to death or senescence of epithelial progenitor cells in the distal airways. This loss of regenerative capacity is thought to initiate a chronic and ineffective wound-healing response, characterized by persistent, low-grade lung inflammation and sustained production of collagen and other extracellular matrix materials. Despite recent advances in our understanding of IPF pathobiology, there remains a pressing need to further delineate underlying mechanisms to develop more effective therapies for this disease. In this review, we build the case that many of the manifestations of IPF result from a failure of cells to effectively manage their proteome. We propose that epithelial progenitor cells, as well as immune cells and fibroblasts, become functionally impaired, at least in part, because of an accumulation or a loss in the expression of various crucial proteins. Further, we propose that central to this defect is the dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is the major protein-degradation system in eukaryotic cells. Lastly, borrowing concepts from other fields, we discuss how targeting the UPS system could be employed as a novel treatment for IPF and perhaps for other fibrotic lung diseases as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Roque
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheema BS, Sabbah HN, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Protein turnover in the failing heart: an ever-changing landscape. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:1218-1221. [PMID: 28805968 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baljash S Cheema
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Wu S, Zhu L, Cai J, Fu L. Hydrogen-containing saline alleviates pressure overload-induced interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1771-1778. [PMID: 28656216 PMCID: PMC5562058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis induced by sustained pressure overload contributes to heart failure. Oxidative stress serves an important role in cardiac remodeling and heart failure independent of etiological factors. The application of hydrogen as an antioxidant is a novel concept in disease treatment, however no studies as present have investigated the effects of hydrogen on cardiac fibrosis. In the present study, the effects of hydrogen on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and heart failure were investigated in abdominal aortic-constricted rats. Masson's trichrome staining and echocardiography were used to evaluate the fibrotic area and cardiac function, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by immunofluorescence. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydroxyproline content were measured by spectrophotometry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), NADPH oxidases (NOX)2, NOX4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Smad2/3. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA expression of collagen I (Col I) and fibronectin 1 (FN1). Hydrogen-containing saline (HCS) treatment was observed to improve interstitial fibrosis and cardiac function and to decrease the level of ROS, the oxidative-stress marker MDA and expression of NOXs, while increasing the activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme SOD. HCS treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Smad2/3, and the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF, which were accompanied by reduced hydroxyproline content, Col I and FN1 mRNA levels. These results indicate that HCS treatment can improve cardiac function by reducing interstitial fibrosis in pressure-overloaded rats through its anti-oxidative properties and via suppression of TGF-β1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim IS, Jo WM. Effects of a Proteasome Inhibitor on Cardiomyocytes in a Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy Rat Model: An Animal Study. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2017; 50:144-152. [PMID: 28593149 PMCID: PMC5460960 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2017.50.3.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important pathway of proteolysis in pathologic hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. We hypothesize that MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, might prevent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP) by blocking the UPS. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and androgen receptor (AR) have been reported to be mediators of CMP and heart failure. This study drew upon pathophysiologic studies and the analysis of NF-κB and AR to assess the cardioprotective effects of MG132 in a left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) rat model. Methods We constructed a transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced LVH rat model with 3 groups: sham (TAC-sham, n=10), control (TAC-cont, n=10), and MG132 administration (TAC-MG132, n=10). MG-132 (0.1 mg/kg) was injected for 4 weeks in the TAC-MG132 group. Pathophysiologic evaluations were performed and the expression of AR and NF-κB was measured in the left ventricle. Results Fibrosis was prevalent in the pathologic examination of the TAC-cont model, and it was reduced in the TAC-MG132 group, although not significantly. Less expression of AR, but not NF-κB, was found in the TAC-MG132 group than in the TAC-cont group (p<0.05). Conclusion MG-132 was found to suppress AR in the TAC-CMP model by blocking the UPS, which reduced fibrosis. However, NF-κB expression levels were not related to UPS function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Sub Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Won-Min Jo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bao JX, Zhang QF, Wang M, Xia M, Boini KM, Gulbins E, Zhang Y, Li PL. Implication of CD38 gene in autophagic degradation of collagen I in mouse coronary arterial myocytes. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:558-569. [PMID: 27814632 DOI: 10.2741/4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Collagen deposition is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Although compromised collagen I degradation has been implied in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, we determined the role of CD38, an enzyme involved in cellular calcium modulation and autophagic flux, in the regulation of collagen I degradation in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs).In primary cultured CAMs from CD38-/- mice, collagen I protein accumulation but not mRNA abundance was significantly increased compared with cells from CD38+/+ mice either under control or upon TGF-Beta stimulation. Pharmacological inhibition of the formation of autophagosomes with 3-methyladenine or of autophagolysosomes with a lysosomal functional blocker, bafilomycin A1, induced a similar increase in collagen protein levels, while inhibition of the proteasome by MG132 had no effects on collagen I accumulation. In addition, CD38-deficiency did not change the protein expression of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in CAMs. Confocal microscopy showed that collagen I deposition was mainly lied within lysosomes or autophagosomes in CD38-/- or TGF-Beta treated CAMs. Collagen I deposition increased when CAMs lack CD38 expression or if autophagy was blocked, which is associated with impaired autophagic degradation of collagen I. This CD38 regulation of autophagic flux may represent a novel mechanism for extracellular matrix (ECM) plasticity of coronary arteries upon atherogenic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiang Bao
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA and Department of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, P.O.Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cominacini L, Mozzini C, Garbin U, Pasini A, Stranieri C, Solani E, Vallerio P, Tinelli IA, Fratta Pasini A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and Nrf2 signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:233-242. [PMID: 26051167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various cellular perturbations implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and liver diseases, can alter endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and lead to the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins. This situation configures the so-called ER stress, a form of intracellular stress that occurs whenever the protein-folding capacity of the ER is overwhelmed. Reduction in blood flow as a result of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease causes tissue hypoxia, a condition that induces protein misfolding and ER stress. In addition, ER stress has an important role in cardiac hypertrophy mainly in the transition to heart failure (HF). ER transmembrane sensors detect the accumulation of unfolded proteins and activate transcriptional and translational pathways that deal with unfolded and misfolded proteins, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Once the UPR fails to control the level of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER, ER-initiated apoptotic signaling is induced. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that implicates the presence of oxidative stress and subsequent related cellular damage as an initial cause of injury to the myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and in cardiac hypertrophy secondary to pressure overload. Oxidative stress is counterbalanced by complex antioxidant defense systems regulated by a series of multiple pathways, including the UPR, to ensure that the response to oxidants is adequate. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2) is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants; Nrf2 is strictly interrelated with the UPR sensor called pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase. A series of studies has shown that interventions against ER stress and Nrf2 activation reduce myocardial infarct size and cardiac hypertrophy in the transition to HF in animals exposed to I/R injury and pressure overload, respectively. Finally, recent data showed that Nrf2/antioxidant-response element pathway activation may be of importance also in ischemic preconditioning, a phenomenon in which the heart is subjected to one or more episodes of nonlethal myocardial I/R before the sustained coronary artery occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cominacini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mozzini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ulisse Garbin
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Stranieri
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Solani
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Vallerio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Anna Fratta Pasini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ranek MJ, Zheng H, Huang W, Kumarapeli AR, Li J, Liu J, Wang X. Genetically induced moderate inhibition of 20S proteasomes in cardiomyocytes facilitates heart failure in mice during systolic overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:273-81. [PMID: 26116868 PMCID: PMC4530032 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo function status of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in pressure overloaded hearts remains undefined. Cardiotoxicity was observed during proteasome inhibitor chemotherapy, especially in those with preexisting cardiovascular conditions; however, proteasome inhibition (PsmI) was also suggested by some experimental studies as a potential therapeutic strategy to curtail cardiac hypertrophy. Here we used genetic approaches to probe cardiac UPS performance and determine the impact of cardiomyocyte-restricted PsmI (CR-PsmI) on cardiac responses to systolic overload. Transgenic mice expressing an inverse reporter of the UPS (GFPdgn) were subject to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to probe myocardial UPS performance during systolic overload. Mice with or without moderate CR-PsmI were subject to TAC and temporally characterized for cardiac responses to moderate and severe systolic overload. After moderate TAC (pressure gradient: ~40mmHg), cardiac UPS function was upregulated during the first two weeks but turned to functional insufficiency between 6 and 12weeks as evidenced by the dynamic changes in GFPdgn protein levels, proteasome peptidase activities, and total ubiquitin conjugates. Severe TAC (pressure gradients >60mmHg) led to UPS functional insufficiency within a week. Moderate TAC elicited comparable hypertrophic responses between mice with and without genetic CR-PsmI but caused cardiac malfunction in CR-PsmI mice significantly earlier than those without CR-PsmI. In mice subject to severe TAC, CR-PsmI inhibited cardiac hypertrophy but led to rapidly progressed heart failure and premature death, associated with a pronounced increase in cardiomyocyte death. It is concluded that cardiac UPS function is dynamically altered, with the initial brief upregulation of proteasome function being adaptive; and CR-PsmI facilitates cardiac malfunction during systolic overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Hanqiao Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Asangi R Kumarapeli
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China.
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carbonell T, Gomes AV. Dynamic regulation of the proteasome by systolic overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26219953 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Impact of leucine supplementation on exercise training induced anti-cardiac remodeling effect in heart failure mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:3751-66. [PMID: 25988767 PMCID: PMC4446777 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine supplementation potentiates the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on skeletal muscle; however, its potential effects associated with AET on cardiac muscle have not been clarified yet. We tested whether leucine supplementation would potentiate the anti-cardiac remodeling effect of AET in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure in mice (α2A/α2CARKO). Mice were assigned to five groups: wild type mice treated with placebo and sedentary (WT, n = 11), α2A/α2CARKO treated with placebo and sedentary (KO, n = 9), α2A/α2CARKO treated with leucine and sedentary (KOL, n = 11), α2A/α2CARKO treated with placebo and AET (KOT, n = 12) or α2A/α2CARKO treated with leucine and AET (KOLT, n = 12). AET consisted of four weeks on a treadmill with 60 min sessions (six days/week, 60% of maximal speed) and administration by gavage of leucine (1.35 g/kg/day) or placebo (distilled water). The AET significantly improved exercise capacity, fractional shortening and re-established cardiomyocytes' diameter and collagen fraction in KOT. Additionally, AET significantly prevented the proteasome hyperactivity, increased misfolded proteins and HSP27 expression. Isolated leucine supplementation displayed no effect on cardiac function and structure (KOL), however, when associated with AET (KOLT), it increased exercise tolerance to a higher degree than isolated AET (KOT) despite no additional effects on AET induced anti-cardiac remodeling. Our results provide evidence for the modest impact of leucine supplementation on cardiac structure and function in exercised heart failure mice. Leucine supplementation potentiated AET effects on exercise tolerance, which might be related to its recognized impact on skeletal muscle.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu B, Cao Y, Xiong YK. Pharmacokinetics of aconitine-type alkaloids after oral administration of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) in rats with chronic heart failure by microdialysis and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:173-179. [PMID: 25708163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi [the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (Ranunculaceae)] is a well-known traditional medicinal herb used to treat chronic heart failure (CHF). Aconitine-type alkaloids are major alkaloids that are responsible for the pharmacological activity and toxicity of this herb.To investigate therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetic profiles of aconitine-type alkaloids in CHF rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine were investigated after once treatment of Fuzi extract (containing aconitine 0.086 mg/g, mesaconitine 0.84 mg/g, and hypaconitine 1.97 mg/g) using a rapid and sensitive combinative method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and microdialysis (MD). The cardiac function and antioxidant enzyme activities were also evaluated. RESULTS Recoveries of MD sampling ranged from 35.06% to 45.74% with RSD below 6.05%. Fuzi extract improved the myocardial function and antioxidant enzymatic activities of rats with CHF. Aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine exhibited slower absorption into the bloodstream, and yielded 11-fold less values of area under concentration-time curve (AUC) in the CHF rats than those in normal rats. The plasma AUC showed that the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) was 5.561 ng/mL for aconitine, 17.30 ng/mL for mesaconitine, and 17.78 ng/mL for hypaconitine in normal rats, while these were 0.6059 ng/mL, 2.430, and 0.7461 ng/mL in CHF rats, respectively. CONCLUSION Aconitine-type alkaloids associated with Fuzi׳s efficacy have lower intake and slower elimination in the CHF rats, indicating a non-interdependent relationship between its efficacy and toxicity. It may contribute to the depth understanding of the toxicological and pharmacological profiles of Fuzi and further benefit the herbal drug development with safety and efficacy for CHF treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang 310053, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yao-Kang Xiong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Activities of nonlysosomal proteolytic systems in skeletal and cardiac muscle during burn-induced hypermetabolism. J Burn Care Res 2015; 35:319-27. [PMID: 24879398 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the activity of nonlysosomal proteolytic systems in skeletal and cardiac muscle during burn-induced hypermetabolism (BHM) in rats. Rats underwent 30% TBSA scald burn or sham injury and were observed for up to 42 days. Body weights and resting energy expenditures were determined weekly. Skeletal (soleus/pectoral) muscle and hearts were harvested on days 0 (=control), 7, 14, 21, and 42 after burn. Calpain, caspase-1, caspase-3/7, caspase-6, caspase-8, caspase-9, and proteasome peptidase activities were measured in tissue extracts. Hypermetabolism developed within 3 weeks after burns, as documented by increased resting energy expenditures and decreased body weights on postburn days 21 to 42 (P < 0.05 vs control). Calpain activities did not show significant alterations. Pan caspase activities increased by time and were significantly increased in skeletal and cardiac muscle extracts during hypermetabolism. Although increases in caspase-1, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities were predominantly responsible for elevated pan caspase activities in skeletal muscle, increases in caspase-6 activities dominated in the heart. Proteasome peptidase activities in skeletal muscle extracts were not significantly altered. Proteasome peptidase activities in heart extracts increased time dependently and were significantly increased during BHM. Activation of caspase cascades during BHM constitutes a uniform response in skeletal and cardiac muscle and may contribute to enhanced metabolic protein turnover. Activation of myocardial proteasome activities may reflect persistent cardiac stress. Further exploration of caspase cascades and the proteasome as therapeutic targets to influence long-term consequences of BHM appears justified.
Collapse
|
15
|
Drews O, Taegtmeyer H. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in heart disease: the basis for new therapeutic strategies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2322-43. [PMID: 25133688 PMCID: PMC4241867 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Novel therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure are greatly needed. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) affects the structure and function of cardiac cells through targeted degradation of signaling and structural proteins. This review discusses both beneficial and detrimental consequences of modulating the UPS in the heart. RECENT ADVANCES Proteasome inhibitors were first used to test the role of the UPS in cardiac disease phenotypes, indicating therapeutic potential. In early cardiac remodeling and pathological hypertrophy with increased proteasome activities, proteasome inhibition prevented or restricted disease progression and contractile dysfunction. Conversely, enhancing proteasome activities by genetic manipulation, pharmacological intervention, or ischemic preconditioning also improved the outcome of cardiomyopathies and infarcted hearts with impaired cardiac and UPS function, which is, at least in part, caused by oxidative damage. CRITICAL ISSUES An understanding of the UPS status and the underlying mechanisms for its potential deregulation in cardiac disease is critical for targeted interventions. Several studies indicate that type and stage of cardiac disease influence the dynamics of UPS regulation in a nonlinear and multifactorial manner. Proteasome inhibitors targeting all proteasome complexes are associated with cardiotoxicity in humans. Furthermore, the type and dosage of proteasome inhibitor impact the pathogenesis in nonuniform ways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Systematic analysis and targeting of individual UPS components with established and innovative tools will unravel and discriminate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to and protect against the progression of cardiac disease. Integrating this knowledge in drug design may reduce adverse effects on the heart as observed in patients treated with proteasome inhibitors against noncardiac diseases, especially cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Drews
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The role of Nrf2-mediated pathway in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:260429. [PMID: 25101151 PMCID: PMC4102082 DOI: 10.1155/2014/260429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is frequently the consequence of sustained, abnormal neurohormonal, and mechanical stress and remains a leading cause of death worldwide. The key pathophysiological process leading to HF is cardiac remodeling, a term referring to maladaptation to cardiac stress at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. HF and many of the conditions that predispose one to HF are associated with oxidative stress. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart can directly lead to increased necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes which subsequently induce cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the basal and inducible expression of a battery of antioxidant genes and other cytoprotective phase II detoxifying enzymes that are ubiquitously expressed in the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence has revealed that Nrf2 and its target genes are critical regulators of cardiovascular homeostasis via the suppression of oxidative stress, which is the key player in the development and progression of HF. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence that activation of Nrf2 enhances endogenous antioxidant defenses and counteracts oxidative stress-associated cardiac remodeling and HF.
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pimprapa Vejpongsa
- From the Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (P.V., E.T.H.Y.); and Texas Heart Institute, Houston (E.T.H.Y.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
DENG WEI, FANG YI, LIU YUAN, ZHOU HENG, CHENG ZHIHONG, ZHANG YANG, SUN DI, HE MENGYING, LIN YAFEN, ZHANG RUI, ZHANG JIEYU, LI WEI, TANG QIZHU. Sanguinarine protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:211-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
19
|
Martini P, Sales G, Brugiolo M, Gandaglia A, Naso F, De Pittà C, Spina M, Gerosa G, Chemello F, Romualdi C, Cagnin S, Lanfranchi G. Tissue-specific expression and regulatory networks of pig microRNAome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89755. [PMID: 24699212 PMCID: PMC3974652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the economic and medical importance of the pig, knowledge about its genome organization, gene expression regulation, and molecular mechanisms involved in physiological processes is far from that achieved for mouse and rat, the two most used model organisms in biomedical research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a wide class of molecules that exert a recognized role in gene expression modulation, but only 280 miRNAs in pig have been characterized to date. Results We applied a novel computational approach to predict species-specific and conserved miRNAs in the pig genome, which were then subjected to experimental validation. We experimentally identified candidate miRNAs sequences grouped in high-confidence (424) and medium-confidence (353) miRNAs according to RNA-seq results. A group of miRNAs was also validated by PCR experiments. We established the subtle variability in expression of isomiRs and miRNA-miRNA star couples supporting a biological function for these molecules. Finally, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles produced from the same sample of 20 different tissue of the animal were combined, using a correlation threshold to filter miRNA-target predictions, to identify tissue-specific regulatory networks. Conclusions Our data represent a significant progress in the current understanding of miRNAome in pig. The identification of miRNAs, their target mRNAs, and the construction of regulatory circuits will provide new insights into the complex biological networks in several tissues of this important animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Martini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Brugiolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gandaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Naso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Michele Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Lanfranchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martin TP, Lawan A, Robinson E, Grieve DJ, Plevin R, Paul A, Currie S. Adult cardiac fibroblast proliferation is modulated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in normal and hypertrophied hearts. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:319-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Preventive and therapeutic effects of MG132 by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway on oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular and renal injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:306073. [PMID: 23533688 PMCID: PMC3606804 DOI: 10.1155/2013/306073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
So far, cardiovascular and renal diseases have brought us not only huge economic burden but also serious society problems. Since effective therapeutic strategies are still limited, to find new methods for the prevention or therapy of these diseases is important. Oxidative stress has been found to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. In addition, activation of nuclear-factor-E2-related-factor-2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway protects cells and tissues from oxidative damage. As a proteasomal inhibitor, MG132 was reported to activate Nrf2 expression and function, which was accompanied with significant preventive and/or therapeutic effect on cardiovascular and renal diseases under most conditions; therefore, MG132 seems to be a potentially effective drug to be used in the prevention of oxidative damage. In this paper, we will summarize the information available regarding the effect of MG132 on oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular and renal damage, especially through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
Collapse
|