1
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Qiu K, Wu K, Ma H, Ao Y, Zhou W, Cai Q. A transition-metal-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition/hydroamination cascade reaction for the construction of triazole-fused piperazin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1176-1180. [PMID: 38206312 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A time-dependent, divergent synthesis of highly functionalized [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one (reaction time: 12 h) or 6,7-dihydro-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one (reaction time: 2 h) scaffolds via a cascade azide-alkyne cycloaddition/hydroamination protocol is reported. The transformation features good functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, high atom economy and avoidance of the use of transition-metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongxi Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Kaifu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Haowen Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yunlin Ao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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2
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Yin ZK, Liu ZZ, Yuan X, Feng ZM, Jiang JS, Zhang X, Zhang PC, Yang YN. Thirteen undescribed diterpenoid quinones derived from the rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-tumor activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112902. [PMID: 34384921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen undescribed diterpenoid quinones were isolated from the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis, including NMR, HRESIMS, and IR. Their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction, calculated and experimental circular dichroism spectroscopy, and optical rotation. In the evaluation of bioactivities, salviadionether obviously inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells. R-(+)-salmiltiorin E and R-(+)-grandifolia D both showed inhibitory activities on a variety of tumor cells. Salvianone ester A showed strong cytotoxicity to tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) with an IC50 value of 2.19 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Zhen Liu
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Ming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
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3
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Xiao G, Wu K, Zhou W, Cai Q. Access to Triazolopiperidine Derivatives via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition/Alkenyl C−N Coupling Tandem Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Xiao
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifu Wu
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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4
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Costa TEMM, Raghavendra NM, Penido C. Natural heat shock protein 90 inhibitors in cancer and inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112063. [PMID: 31972392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP)90 is the most abundant HSPs, which are chaperone molecules whose major roles are cell protection and maintenance by means of aiding the folding, the stabilization and the remodeling of a wide range of proteins. A few hundreds of proteins depend on HSP90 chaperone activity, including kinases and transcriptional factors that play essential roles in cancer and inflammation, so that HSP90-targeted therapies have been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory-associated diseases. HSP90 inhibition by natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds have yield promising results in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for different types of cancers and inflammation. Natural products are a huge source of biologically active compounds widely used in drug development due to the great diversity of their metabolites which are capable to modulate several protein functions. HSP90 inhibitors have been isolated from bacteria, fungi and vegetal species. These natural compounds have a noteworthy ability to modulate HSP90 activity as well as serve as scaffolds for the development of novel synthetic or semi-synthetic inhibitors. Over a hundred clinical trials have evaluated the effect of HSP90 inhibitors as adjuvant treatment against different types of tumors and, currently, new studies are being developed to gain sight on novel promising and more effective approaches for cancer treatment. In this review, we present the naturally occurring HSP90 inhibitors and analogues, discussing their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadeu E M M Costa
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560090, India.
| | - Carmen Penido
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Boroumand N, Saghi H, Avan A, Bahreyni A, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of heat-shock protein-90 pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, current status and perspectives. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:151-158. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Heat-shock protein-90 (HSP90) chaperone machinery is critical to the folding, stability and activity of several client proteins including many responsible for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Overexpression of HSP90 is correlated with poor prognosis of GI cancer.
Key findings
Pharmacological inhibitors of HSP90 suppress tumorigenic effects of HSP90 by suppressing angiogenesis, survival, metastasis and drug resistance in GI cancer. This review summarizes the role of HSP90 inhibitors in the treatment of GI cancer.
Summary
We have presented different antitumour mechanisms of HSP90 inhibitors in cancer treatment. Suppression of HSP90 signalling via specific and novel pharmacological inhibitors is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for patients with GI cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boroumand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Saghi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Vartholomaiou E, Madon-Simon M, Hagmann S, Mühlebach G, Wurst W, Floss T, Picard D. Cytosolic Hsp90α and its mitochondrial isoform Trap1 are differentially required in a breast cancer model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17428-17442. [PMID: 28407697 PMCID: PMC5392260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones includes the cytosolic isoforms Hsp90a and Hsp90β and the mitochondrial isoform Trap1. Hsp90a/βsupport a large number of client proteins in the cytoplasm and the nucleus whereas Trap1 regulates oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Many of the associated proteins and cellular processes are relevant to cancer, and there is ample pharmacological and genetic evidence to support the idea that Hsp90a/βand Trap1 are required for tumorigenesis. However, a direct and comparative genetic test in a mouse cancer model has not been done. Here we report the effects of deleting the Hsp90a or Trap1 genes in a mouse model of breast cancer. Neither Hsp90a nor Trap1 are absolutely required for mammary tumor initiation, growth and metastasis induced by the polyoma middle T-antigen as oncogene. However, they do modulate growth and lung metastasis in vivo and cell proliferation, migration and invasion of isolated primary carcinoma cells in vitro. Without Hsp90a, tumor burden and metastasis are reduced, correlating with impaired proliferation, migration and invasion of cells in culture. Without Trap1, the appearance of tumors is initially delayed, and isolated cells are affected similarly to those without Hsp90a. Analysis of expression data of human breast cancers supports the conclusion that this is a valid mouse model highlighting the importance of these molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Madon-Simon
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Hagmann
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Mühlebach
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V., München, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München, Germany.,Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Genève, Switzerland
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7
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Lee H, Saini N, Parris AB, Zhao M, Yang X. Ganetespib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through targeting of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:967-974. [PMID: 28713919 PMCID: PMC5564404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates several important cellular processes via its repertoire of 'client proteins'. These client proteins have been found to play fundamental roles in signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and survival, as well as other features of malignant cells, such as invasion, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, HSP90 is an emerging target for cancer therapy. To this end, we evaluated ganetespib (STA-9090), a novel and potent HSP90 inhibitor, for its activity in gastric cancer cell lines. Ganetespib significantly inhibited the proliferation of AGS and N87 human gastric cancer cell lines and potently induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Upregulation of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, c-caspase-8 and c-caspase-9 and suppression of gastric cancer‑associated HSP90 client proteins, including ErbB2, Erk, Akt, mTOR, GSK3 and Src, were observed in ganetespib-treated cells. These findings demonstrate that the ganetespib-induced mechanism of cell growth inhibition involves the activation of death receptor and mitochondrial pathways and the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Our study implicates ganetespib as a potential strategy for gastric cancer treatment, which warrants further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Lee
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Nipun Saini
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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8
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Klameth L, Rath B, Hamilton G. In vitro Cytotoxic Activities of the Oral Platinum(IV) Prodrug Oxoplatin and HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib against a Panel of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer 2017; 8:1733-1743. [PMID: 28819369 PMCID: PMC5556635 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer exhibits a poor prognosis and is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy of metastatic gastric cancer is based on combinations of platinum drugs and fluoropyrimidines, with added agents. Oxoplatin is a stable oral platinum(IV) prodrug which is converted to a highly active tetrachlorido(IV) complex under acidic conditions. In the present work, we studied the cytotoxic effects of oxoplatin against a panel of four gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the role of HSP90 in chemoresistance of these lines was investigated using the specific inhibitor ganetespib. The KATO-III, MKN-1, MKN-28, MKN-45 lines were used in MTT chemosensitivity, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. KATO-III is a signet ring diffuse cell type, MKN-1 an adenosquamous primary, MKN-28 a well-differentiated intestinal type and the MKN-45 a poorly differentiated, diffuse type gastric carcinoma line. Cytotoxicity was tested in MTT assays and intracellular signal transduction with proteome profiler Western blot arrays. Interactions of platinum drugs and ganetespib were calculated with help of the Chou-Talalay method. The prodrug oxoplatin revealed low activity against the four gastric cancer cell lines, whereas the platinum tetrachlorido(IV) complex and cisplatin gave IC50 values of 1-3 µg/ml with increasing chemoresistance observed in the order of MKN-1, KATO-III, MKN-28 to MKN-45. With exception of KATO-III and MKN-28/oxoplatin, all other cell lines featured marked synergistic toxicity with clinically achievable concentrations of ganetespib. Oral administration of a platinum agent such as oxoplatin would be of great value for patients and care providers alike. These results suggest that the oncogene-stabilizing HSP90 chaperone represents an important mediator of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Ganetespib reduced the phosphorylation of p53, Akt1/2/3 and PRAS40, as well as of WNK1, a kinase which regulates intracellular chloride concentrations. Intracellular chloride was reported to control proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines. Expression of MUC1 was not downregulated in contrast to the expression of CAIX, a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. In conclusion, the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib synergizes with platinum anticancer drugs and modulates intracellular signal transduction in direction of a less proliferative and aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klameth
- Department for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Mohamed Asath R, Premkumar R, Mathavan T, Milton Franklin Benial A. Structural, spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on 2-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl pyridine: A potential bioactive agent. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 175:51-60. [PMID: 28012392 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The most stable, optimized structure of the 2-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl pyridine (ACTP) molecule was predicted by the density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP method with cc-pVQZ basis set. Antitumor activity of the ACTP molecule was evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The structural parameters and vibrational wavenumbers were calculated for the optimized molecular structure. The experimental and theoretical vibrational wavenumbers were assigned and compared. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was simulated and validated experimentally. The molecular electrostatic potential surface was simulated. Frontier molecular orbitals and related molecular properties were computed and further density of states spectrum was simulated. The natural bond orbital analysis was also performed to confirm the bioactivity of the ACTP molecule. The molecular docking analysis reveals the better inhibitory nature of the ACTP molecule against the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene which causes tenosynovial giant-cell tumor. Hence, the ACTP molecule can act as a potential inhibitor against tenosynovial giant-cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mohamed Asath
- PG & Research Department of Physics, N.M.S.S.V.N. College, Madurai 625 019, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Premkumar
- PG & Research Department of Physics, N.M.S.S.V.N. College, Madurai 625 019, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Mathavan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, N.M.S.S.V.N. College, Madurai 625 019, Tamilnadu, India
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10
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Leal MF, Wisnieski F, de Oliveira Gigek C, do Santos LC, Calcagno DQ, Burbano RR, Smith MC. What gastric cancer proteomic studies show about gastric carcinogenesis? Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9991-10010. [PMID: 27126070 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a complex, heterogeneous, and multistep disease. Over the past decades, several studies have aimed to determine the molecular factors that lead to gastric cancer development and progression. After completing the human genome sequencing, proteomic technologies have presented rapid progress. Differently from the relative static state of genome, the cell proteome is dynamic and changes in pathologic conditions. Proteomic approaches have been used to determine proteome profiles and identify differentially expressed proteins between groups of samples, such as neoplastic and nonneoplastic samples or between samples of different cancer subtypes or stages. Therefore, proteomic technologies are a useful tool toward improving the knowledge of gastric cancer molecular pathogenesis and the understanding of tumor heterogeneity. This review aimed to summarize the proteins or protein families that are frequently identified by using high-throughput screening methods and which thus may have a key role in gastric carcinogenesis. The increased knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis will clearly help in the development of new anticancer treatments. Although the studies are still in their infancy, the reviewed proteins may be useful for gastric cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04038-032, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caires do Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, 66073-000, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marilia Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha - 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Xu MY, Xue NN, Liu D, Zhou YM, Li W, Li YQ, Chen XG, Yu XM. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine as a new scaffold for heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Hu CW, Hsu CL, Wang YC, Ishihama Y, Ku WC, Huang HC, Juan HF. Temporal Phosphoproteome Dynamics Induced by an ATP Synthase Inhibitor Citreoviridin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3284-98. [PMID: 26503892 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citreoviridin, one of toxic mycotoxins derived from fungal species, can suppress lung cancer cell growth by inhibiting the activity of ectopic ATP synthase, but has limited effect on normal cells. However, the mechanism of citreoviridin triggering dynamic molecular responses in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we performed temporal phosphoproteomics to elucidate the dynamic changes after citreoviridin treatment in cells and xenograft model. We identified a total of 829 phosphoproteins and demonstrated that citreoviridin treatment affects protein folding, cell cycle, and cytoskeleton function. Furthermore, response network constructed by mathematical modeling shows the relationship between the phosphorylated heat shock protein 90 β and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This work describes that citreoviridin suppresses cancer cell growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling by site-specific dephosphorylation of HSP90AB1 on Serine 255 and provides perspectives in cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hu
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- §Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- ¶Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- ‖Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- **School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- ¶Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; §Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; ‡‡Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; §§Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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13
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Kumalo HM, Bhakat S, Soliman ME. Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as anticancer target for drug discovery: an ample computational perspective. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1131-60. [PMID: 25958815 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified based on the type of cell that is initially affected. If left untreated, cancer can result in serious health problems and eventually death. Recently, the paradigm of cancer chemotherapy has evolved to use a combination approach, which involves the use of multiple drugs each of which targets an individual protein. Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the novel key cancer targets. Because of its ability to target several signaling pathways, Hsp90 inhibition emerged as a useful strategy to treat a wide variety of cancers. Molecular modeling approaches and methodologies have become 'close counterparts' to experiments in drug design and discovery workflows. A wide range of molecular modeling approaches have been developed, each of which has different objectives and outcomes. In this review, we provide an up-to-date systematic overview on the different computational models implemented toward the design of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents. Although this is the main emphasis of this review, different topics such as background and current statistics of cancer, different anticancer targets including Hsp90, and the structure and function of Hsp90 from an experimental perspective, for example, X-ray and NMR, are also addressed in this report. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first account, which comprehensively outlines various molecular modeling efforts directed toward identification of anticancer drugs targeting Hsp90. We believe that the information, methods, and perspectives highlighted in this report would assist researchers in the discovery of potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezekiel M Kumalo
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Soumendranath Bhakat
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa.,Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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14
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Niu F, Li Y, Lai FF, Ni L, Ji M, Jin J, Yang HZ, Wang C, Zhang DM, Chen XG. LB-1 Exerts Antitumor Activity in Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting HIF-1α and Stat3 Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2212-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Fang-Fang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Lin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Han-Ze Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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15
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Li J, Zhao K, Wang F, Cai J, Li Z, Zou L. X609, a novel manassantin A derivative, exhibits antitumor activity in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3115-20. [PMID: 25954853 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Manassantin A has been well-established as an inhibitor of HIF-1. In the present study, a new manasantin A derivative, X609, with decreased stereochemical complexity, rendering it amenable to a simplified synthesis scheme, was synthesized and was found to increase HIF-1 inhibitory activity. X609 exhibited antiproliferative activity in a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines, via HIF-1-dependent mechanisms. X609 may induce apoptosis in MG-63 cells through activation of the mitochondrial pathway. Oral administration of X609 significantly inhibited the growth of human osteosarcomas implanted into nude mice. In light of the results of the present study, it may be possible to develop X609 for use as a novel antitumor agent, which targets human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quanzhou Licheng Xingxian Hospital, Quanzhou 362005, P.R. China
| | - Kongbo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan 250031, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan 250031, P.R. China
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16
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Targeting heat-shock protein 90 with ganetespib for molecularly targeted therapy of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1595. [PMID: 25590805 PMCID: PMC4669753 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) has become an attractive therapeutic target in treating cancers, because of its abnormally high expression in cancers. Several successful cases of HSP90 inhibitors capable of inhibiting GC inspired us to try ganetespib, a clinically promising and actively investigated second-generation HSP90 inhibitor in GC treatment. In our study, we show that ganetespib markedly reduced the growth of MGC-803 and also significantly inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 and MKN-28 in a dose-dependent manner. It induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in all three cell lines, together with the related markers affected significantly. Mechanistically, ganetespib caused pronounced decrease of expression of classic HSP90 client proteins. Specifically, it greatly affected epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling cascades by markedly decreasing the levels of total EGFR and EGFR on cell membranes. EGFR knockdown also induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanied with a decrease of several EGFR downstream proteins. These results strongly support that EGFR signaling greatly contributes to the ganetespib inhibitory effects. Besides, we found that the responses of GC cell lines to ganetespib correlated well with their EGFR expression levels: MGC-803, as well as AGS and BGC-803, with higher EGFR expression responded to ganetespib better, whereas SGC-7901 and MKN-28 with lower EGFR levels were much less sensitive to ganetespib. Although SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were not very sensitive to ganetespib, ganetespib worked synergistically with radiation and cisplatin in killing them. Importantly, ganetespib significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin. Results of hematoxylin/eosin staining, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) assays, and immunohistochemistry staining of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (pCDK1), EGFR and Ki-67 revealed significant differences in ganetespib-treated tumors. Collectively, our data suggest that ganetespib, as a new potent treatment option, can be used for the molecularly targeted therapy of GC patients according to their expression profiles of EGFR.
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17
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Li Z, Jia L, Wang J, Wu X, Shi G, Lu C, Shen Y. Discovery of Novel 17-Phenylethylaminegeldanamycin Derivatives as Potent Hsp90 Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:181-8. [PMID: 24903735 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Lejiao Jia
- Department of Pharmacy; Shandong University Qilu Hospital; No. 107 West Wenhua Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Urology; the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai; Fudan University; No. 801 Heqing Road Shanghai 200240 China
- Urology Research Center; Fudan University; No. 801 Heqing Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xingkang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology; the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai; Fudan University; No. 801 Heqing Road Shanghai 200240 China
- Urology Research Center; Fudan University; No. 801 Heqing Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; No. 44 West Wenhua Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China
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18
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Lang L, Liu X, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xie P, Yan C, Chen X. A synthetic manassantin a derivative inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and tumor growth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99584. [PMID: 24925080 PMCID: PMC4055733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The dineolignan manassantin A from Saururaceae was recently identified as a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) inhibitor, but its in-vivo anti-tumor effect has not been explored. We synthesized a series of manassantin A derivatives, and found that replacing the central tetrahydrofuran moiety with a cyclopentane ring yielded a compound (LXY6006) with increased HIF-1-inhibitory activity yet decreased stereochemically complexity amenable to a simplified synthesis scheme. LXY6006 inhibited HIF-1α nuclear accumulation induced by hypoxia, and inhibited cancer cell growth as a consequence of G2/M arrest. Oral administration of LXY6006 significantly inhibited growth of breast, lung, and pancreatic tumors implanted in nude mice. These results indicate that LXY6006 represents a novel class of agents targeting a broad range of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- GRU Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- GRU Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XC); (CY)
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XC); (CY)
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Baruchello R, Simoni D, Marchetti P, Rondanin R, Mangiola S, Costantini C, Meli M, Giannini G, Vesci L, Carollo V, Brunetti T, Battistuzzi G, Tolomeo M, Cabri W. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-isoxazolo-[4,5-c]-pyridines as a new class of cytotoxic Hsp90 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Luis M, Tavares A, Carvalho LS, Lara-Santos L, Araújo A, Mello RAD. Personalizing therapies for gastric cancer: molecular mechanisms and novel targeted therapies. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6383-97. [PMID: 24151357 PMCID: PMC3801309 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i38.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric cancer is the 4(th) most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 2(nd) leading cause of death from cancer, with an estimated 990000 new cases and 738000 deaths registered in 2008. In the advanced setting, standard chemotherapies protocols acquired an important role since last decades in prolong survival. Moreover, recent advances in molecular therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies. Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, was the first target drug in the metastatic setting that showed benefit in overall survival when in association with platinum-5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Further, HER2 overexpression analysis acquired a main role in predict response for trastuzumab in this field. Thus, we conducted a review that will discuss the main points concerning trastuzumab and HER2 in gastric cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms and novel trials involved.
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21
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Berezowska S, Novotny A, Bauer K, Feuchtinger A, Slotta-Huspenina J, Becker K, Langer R, Walch A. Association between HSP90 and Her2 in gastric and gastroesophageal carcinomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69098. [PMID: 23874879 PMCID: PMC3708885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Her2 expression and amplification occurs in a significant subset of gastro-esophageal carcinomas. Her2 is a client protein of molecular chaperones, e.g. heat shock protein (HSP) 90, rendering targeted therapies against Her2/HSP90 an interesting approach. This study aimed to investigate the role and relationship of Her2 and HSP90 in gastric and gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas. Material and Methods Immunohistochemical determination of HSP90 and Her2 expression was performed on 347 primary resected tumors. Her2 amplification was additionally determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization for all cases. Expression and amplification results were correlated with pathologic parameters (UICC pTNM category, tumor grading) and survival. Results Elevated Her2 copy numbers were observed in 87 tumors, 21 of them showing amplification. 174 tumors showed Her2 immunoreactivity/expression. HSP 90 immunoreactivity was found in 125 tumors. There was no difference between gastric carcinomas and carcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction regarding Her2 or HSP90. Both high HSP90 and Her2 expression/amplification were associated with earlier tumor stages (p<0.01), absence of lymph node metastases (p<0.02) and Laurens intestinal type (p<0.001). HSP90 correlated with Her2 expression and amplification (p<0.001 each). Expressions of HSP90 and Her2, but not Her2 amplification were associated with better prognosis (p=0.02; p=0.004; p=0.802). Moreover, Her2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the subgroup of gastric carcinoma patients (p=0.014) besides pT category, pN category and distant metastases. Conclusion Her2 expression and gene amplification occurred in a significant subset of cases. Our results suggest a favorable prognostic impact of Her2 expression. This warrants further investigations regarding the significance of Her2 non-amplified tumors showing Her2 immunoreactivity and the definition of Her2 status in gastric cancers. Moreover, the correlation of Her2 expression with the expression of Her2 chaperoning HSP90 may indicate a synergistic regulation. Targeting HSP90 with or without Her2 may offer additional therapeutic options for gastric carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Novotny
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Institute of Pathology- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Karen Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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