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Wang J, Tian L. Optimal Cut-Point Selection Methods Under Binary Classification When Subclasses Are Involved. Pharm Stat 2024. [PMID: 38972714 DOI: 10.1002/pst.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In practice, we often encounter binary classification problems where both main classes consist of multiple subclasses. For example, in an ovarian cancer study where biomarkers were evaluated for their accuracy of distinguishing noncancer cases from cancer cases, the noncancer class consists of healthy subjects and benign cases, while the cancer class consists of subjects at both early and late stages. This article aims to provide a large number of optimal cut-point selection methods for such setting. Furthermore, we also study confidence interval estimation of the optimal cut-points. Simulation studies are carried out to explore the performance of the proposed cut-point selection methods as well as confidence interval estimation methods. A real ovarian cancer data set is analyzed using the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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2
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Zhang T, Zhu J, Xie M, Meng K, Yao G, Pan T, Gao M, Cheng H, Lin Y. Highly Sensitive Wearable Sensor Based on (001)-Orientated TiO 2 for Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine, Tyrosine, and Paracetamol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312238. [PMID: 38319031 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (Tyr) reflects the condition of patients with Parkinson's disease, whereas moderate paracetamol (PA) can help relieve their pain. Therefore, real-time measurements of these bioanalytes have important clinical implications for patients with Parkinson's disease. However, previous sensors suffer from either limited sensitivity or complex fabrication and integration processes. This work introduces a simple and cost-effective method to prepare high-quality, flexible titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films with highly reactive (001)-facets. The as-fabricated TiO2 film supported by a carbon cloth electrode (i.e., TiO2-CC) allows excellent electrochemical specificity and sensitivity to DA (1.390 µA µM-1 cm-2), Tyr (0.126 µA µM-1 cm-2), and PA (0.0841 µA µM-1 cm-2). More importantly, accurate DA concentration in varied pH conditions can be obtained by decoupling them within a single differential pulse voltammetry measurement without additional sensing units. The TiO2-CC electrochemical sensor can be integrated into a smart diaper to detect the trace amount of DA or an integrated skin-interfaced patch with microfluidic sampling and wireless transmission units for real-time detection of the sweat Try and PA concentration. The wearable sensor based on TiO2-CC prepared by facile manufacturing methods holds great potential in the daily health monitoring and care of patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Zhang
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 324000, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Maowen Xie
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Guang Yao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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English BA, Ereshefsky L. Experimental Medicine Approaches in Early-Phase CNS Drug Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:417-455. [PMID: 36928860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, Phase 1 clinical trials were largely conducted in healthy normal volunteers and focused on collection of safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data. However, in the CNS therapeutic area, with more drugs failing in later phase development, Phase 1 trials have undergone an evolution that includes incorporation of novel approaches involving novel study designs, inclusion of biomarkers, and early inclusion of patients to improve the pharmacologic understanding of novel CNS-active compounds early in clinical development with the hope of improving success in later phase pivotal trials. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the changing landscape of Phase 1 clinical trials in CNS, including novel trial methodology, inclusion of pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and experimental medicine approaches to inform early decision-making in clinical development.
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Puranik N, Yadav D, Song M. Insight into Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis by Targeting Prognostic Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2534-2544. [PMID: 37921136 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128247471231018053737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) immune-mediated disease that mainly strikes young adults and leaves them disabled. MS is an autoimmune illness that causes the immune system to attack the brain and spinal cord. The myelin sheaths, which insulate the nerve fibers, are harmed by our own immune cells, and this interferes with brain signal transmission. Numbness, tingling, mood swings, memory problems, exhaustion, agony, vision problems, and/or paralysis are just a few of the symptoms. Despite technological advancements and significant research efforts in recent years, diagnosing MS can still be difficult. Each patient's MS is distinct due to a heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology with diverse types of disease courses. There is a pressing need to identify markers that will allow for more rapid and accurate diagnosis and prognosis assessments to choose the best course of treatment for each MS patient. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an excellent source of particular indicators associated with MS pathology. CSF contains molecules that represent pathological processes such as inflammation, cellular damage, and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity. Oligoclonal bands, neurofilaments, MS-specific miRNA, lncRNA, IgG-index, and anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies are all clinically utilised indicators for CSF in MS diagnosis. In recent years, a slew of new possible biomarkers have been presented. In this review, we look at what we know about CSF molecular markers and how they can aid in the diagnosis and differentiation of different MS forms and treatment options, and monitoring and predicting disease progression, therapy response, and consequences during such opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Levin LA, Patrick C, Choudry NB, Sharif NA, Goldberg JL. Neuroprotection in neurodegenerations of the brain and eye: Lessons from the past and directions for the future. Front Neurol 2022; 13:964197. [PMID: 36034312 PMCID: PMC9412944 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.964197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeurological and ophthalmological neurodegenerative diseases in large part share underlying biology and pathophysiology. Despite extensive preclinical research on neuroprotection that in many cases bridges and unifies both fields, only a handful of neuroprotective therapies have succeeded clinically in either.Main bodyUnderstanding the commonalities among brain and neuroretinal neurodegenerations can help develop innovative ways to improve translational success in neuroprotection research and emerging therapies. To do this, analysis of why translational research in neuroprotection fails necessitates addressing roadblocks at basic research and clinical trial levels. These include optimizing translational approaches with respect to biomarkers, therapeutic targets, treatments, animal models, and regulatory pathways.ConclusionThe common features of neurological and ophthalmological neurodegenerations are useful for outlining a path forward that should increase the likelihood of translational success in neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A. Levin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Leonard A. Levin
| | | | - Nozhat B. Choudry
- Global Alliances and External Research, Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Inc., Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Najam A. Sharif
- Global Alliances and External Research, Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Inc., Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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6
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Methods for Stratification and Validation Cohorts: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050688. [PMID: 35629113 PMCID: PMC9144352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine requires large cohorts for patient stratification and validation of patient clustering. However, standards and harmonized practices on the methods and tools to be used for the design and management of cohorts in personalized medicine remain to be defined. This study aims to describe the current state-of-the-art in this area. A scoping review was conducted searching in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Psycinfo and Cochrane Library for reviews about tools and methods related to cohorts used in personalized medicine. The search focused on cancer, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease and was limited to reports in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish published from 2005 to April 2020. The screening process was reported through a PRISMA flowchart. Fifty reviews were included, mostly including information about how data were generated (25/50) and about tools used for data management and analysis (24/50). No direct information was found about the quality of data and the requirements to monitor associated clinical data. A scarcity of information and standards was found in specific areas such as sample size calculation. With this information, comprehensive guidelines could be developed in the future to improve the reproducibility and robustness in the design and management of cohorts in personalized medicine studies.
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Ren Y, Yang L, Li M, Wang J, Yan H, Ma N, Liu W, Wang L, Gao X, Gao P, Li T, Liu D. 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides as potential biomarkers of liver disease progression in hepatitis B virus patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16982. [PMID: 34417517 PMCID: PMC8379215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HBV infection is recognized as a serious global health problem, and hepatitis B virus infection is a complicated chronic disease leading to liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). New biochemical serum markers could be used to advance the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-associated liver diseases during the progression of chronic hepatitis B into cirrhosis and HCC. We determined whether the 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides are serum metabolite biomarkers of hepatopathy with hepatitis B virus. A total of 570 subjects were divided into five groups: healthy controls, those with natural clearance, and patients with CHB, LC, and HCC. The 1866 Da and 4210 Da polypeptides were measured by Clin-ToF II MALDI-TOF-MS. There were significant differences in 4210 Da and 1866 Da levels among the five groups (P < 0.001). For the differential diagnosis of CHB from normal liver, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 4210 Da and 1866 Da and their combination via logistic regression were 0.961, 0.849 and 0.967. For the differential diagnosis of LC from CHB, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.695, 0.841 and 0.826. For the differential diagnosis of HCC from CHB, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.744, 0.710 and 0.761, respectively. For the differential diagnosis of HCC from LC, the areas under the ROC curve of 4210 Da and 1866 Da were 0.580 and 0.654. The positive rate of 1866 Da was 45.5% and 69.0% in AFP-negative HCC patients and that of 4210 Da was 60.6% 58.6% in AFP-negative HCC patients of the study HCC vs. CHB and HCC vs. LC. The 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptide levels were positively correlated with HBV DNA levels (P < 0.001, r = 0.269; P < 0.001, r = 0.285). The 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides had good diagnostic value for the occurrence and progression of HBV-related chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and could serve to accurately guide treatment management and predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Man Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tao Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Dianwu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Benavides-Córdoba V, Gómez MP. Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x16666200516180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of
pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active
ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal
model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human
measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic
measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model.
Materials and Methods:
Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the
bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the
relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions
(healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group
who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension
induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary
hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection
fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured.
The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation
coefficient.
Results:
It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest
correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index
also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between
the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right
ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other
three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation.
Conclusion:
The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the
research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the
measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have
good predictive capacity.
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Luchsinger JA, Zetterberg H. Tracking the potential involvement of metabolic disease in Alzheimer's disease-Biomarkers and beyond. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:51-77. [PMID: 32739014 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a vast literature linking systemic metabolic conditions to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Advances in in vivo measurements of AD neuropathology using brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and/or blood biomarkers have led to research in AD that uses in vivo biomarkers as outcomes, focusing primarily on amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration as constructs. Studies of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and AD biomarkers seem to show that T2DM is not related to amyloid deposition, but is related to neurodegeneration and tau deposition. There is a dearth of studies examining adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in relation to AD biomarkers and the associations in these studies are inconsistent. Metabolomics studies have reported associations of unsaturated fatty acids with AD neuropathology at autopsy, and sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in relation to neurodegeneration and amyloid and tau. There are other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Lewy body disease that may overlap with AD, and specific biomarkers for these pathologies are being developed and should be integrated into AD biomarker research. More longitudinal studies are needed with concurrent assessment of metabolic factors and AD biomarkers in order to improve the opportunity to assess causality. Ideally, AD biomarkers should be integrated into clinical trials of interventions that affect metabolic factors. Advances in blood-based AD biomarkers, which are less costly and invasive compared with CSF and brain imaging biomarkers, could facilitate widespread implementation of AD biomarkers in studies examining the metabolic contribution to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Cilento EM, Jin L, Stewart T, Shi M, Sheng L, Zhang J. Mass spectrometry: A platform for biomarker discovery and validation for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurochem 2019; 151:397-416. [PMID: 30474862 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, reliable, and objective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and related age-associated neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed to assist in both diagnosis, particularly at early stages, and monitoring of disease progression. Technological advancements in protein detection platforms over the last few decades have resulted in a plethora of reported molecular biomarker candidates for both AD and PD; however, very few of these candidates are developed beyond the discovery phase of the biomarker development pipeline, a reflection of the current bottleneck within the field. In this review, the expanded use of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) targeted mass spectrometry will be discussed in detail as a platform for systematic verification of large panels of protein biomarker candidates prior to costly validation testing. We also advocate for the coupling of discovery-based proteomics with modern targeted MS-based approaches (e.g., SRM) within a single study in future workflows to expedite biomarker development and validation for AD and PD. It is our hope that improving the efficiency within the biomarker development process by use of an SRM pipeline may ultimately hasten the development of biomarkers that both decrease misdiagnosis of AD and PD and ultimately lead to detection at early stages of disease and objective assessment of disease progression. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Cilento
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lorrain Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lifu Sheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Third Hospital and Peking Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Beijing, China
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Pachner AR, DiSano K, Royce DB, Gilli F. Clinical utility of a molecular signature in inflammatory demyelinating disease. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2018; 6:e520. [PMID: 30568998 PMCID: PMC6278854 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective We sought to develop molecular biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation to assist neurologists in identifying patients most likely to benefit from a range of immune therapies. Methods We used Luminex technology and index determination to search for an inflammatory activity molecular signature (IAMS) in patients with inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD), other neuroinflammatory diagnoses, and noninflammatory controls. We then followed the clinical characteristics of these patients to find how the presence of the signature might assist in diagnosis and prognosis. Results A CSF molecular signature consisting of elevated CXCL13, elevated immunoglobulins, normal albumin CSF/serum ratio (Qalbumin), and minimal elevation of cytokines other than CXCL13 provided diagnostic and prognostic value; absence of the signature in IDD predicted lack of subsequent inflammatory events. The signature outperformed oligoclonal bands, which were frequently false positive for active neuroinflammation. Conclusions A CSF IAMS may prove useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with IDD and other neuroinflammatory syndromes. Classification of evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that a CSF IAMS identifies patients with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pachner
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - Krista DiSano
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - Darlene B Royce
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
| | - Francesca Gilli
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH
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Van Vleet TR, Liguori MJ, Lynch JJ, Rao M, Warder S. Screening Strategies and Methods for Better Off-Target Liability Prediction and Identification of Small-Molecule Pharmaceuticals. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:1-24. [PMID: 30196745 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218799713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical discovery and development is a long and expensive process that, unfortunately, still results in a low success rate, with drug safety continuing to be a major impedance. Improved safety screening strategies and methods are needed to more effectively fill this critical gap. Recent advances in informatics are now making it possible to manage bigger data sets and integrate multiple sources of screening data in a manner that can potentially improve the selection of higher-quality drug candidates. Integrated screening paradigms have become the norm in Pharma, both in discovery screening and in the identification of off-target toxicity mechanisms during later-stage development. Furthermore, advances in computational methods are making in silico screens more relevant and suggest that they may represent a feasible option for augmenting the current screening paradigm. This paper outlines several fundamental methods of the current drug screening processes across Pharma and emerging techniques/technologies that promise to improve molecule selection. In addition, the authors discuss integrated screening strategies and provide examples of advanced screening paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Van Vleet
- 1 Department of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, AbbVie, N Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Liguori
- 1 Department of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, AbbVie, N Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James J Lynch
- 2 Department of Integrated Science and Technology, AbbVie, N Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohan Rao
- 1 Department of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, AbbVie, N Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Warder
- 3 Department of Target Enabling Science and Technology, AbbVie, N Chicago, IL, USA
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Sekula P, Mallett S, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W. Did the reporting of prognostic studies of tumour markers improve since the introduction of REMARK guideline? A comparison of reporting in published articles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178531. [PMID: 28614415 PMCID: PMC5470677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although biomarkers are perceived as highly relevant for future clinical practice, few biomarkers reach clinical utility for several reasons. Among them, poor reporting of studies is one of the major problems. To aid improvement, reporting guidelines like REMARK for tumour marker prognostic (TMP) studies were introduced several years ago. The aims of this project were to assess whether reporting quality of TMP-studies improved in comparison to a previously conducted study assessing reporting quality of TMP-studies (PRE-study) and to assess whether articles citing REMARK (citing group) are better reported, in comparison to articles not citing REMARK (not-citing group). For the POST-study, recent articles citing and not citing REMARK (53 each) were identified in selected journals through systematic literature search and evaluated in same way as in the PRE-study. Ten of the 20 items of the REMARK checklist were evaluated and used to define an overall score of reporting quality. The observed overall scores were 53.4% (range: 10%-90%) for the PRE-study, 57.7% (range: 20%-100%) for the not-citing group and 58.1% (range: 30%-100%) for the citing group of the POST-study. While there is no difference between the two groups of the POST-study, the POST-study shows a slight but not relevant improvement in reporting relative to the PRE-study. Not all the articles of the citing group, cited REMARK appropriately. Irrespective of whether REMARK was cited, the overall score was slightly higher for articles published in journals requesting adherence to REMARK than for those published in journals not requesting it: 59.9% versus 51.9%, respectively. Several years after the introduction of REMARK, many key items of TMP-studies are still very poorly reported. A combined effort is needed from authors, editors, reviewers and methodologists to improve the current situation. Good reporting is not just nice to have but is essential for any research to be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sekula
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Mallett
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Willi Sauerbrei
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Recent publications from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Reviewing progress toward improved AD clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:e1-e85. [PMID: 28342697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has continued development and standardization of methodologies for biomarkers and has provided an increased depth and breadth of data available to qualified researchers. This review summarizes the over 400 publications using ADNI data during 2014 and 2015. METHODS We used standard searches to find publications using ADNI data. RESULTS (1) Structural and functional changes, including subtle changes to hippocampal shape and texture, atrophy in areas outside of hippocampus, and disruption to functional networks, are detectable in presymptomatic subjects before hippocampal atrophy; (2) In subjects with abnormal β-amyloid deposition (Aβ+), biomarkers become abnormal in the order predicted by the amyloid cascade hypothesis; (3) Cognitive decline is more closely linked to tau than Aβ deposition; (4) Cerebrovascular risk factors may interact with Aβ to increase white-matter (WM) abnormalities which may accelerate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in conjunction with tau abnormalities; (5) Different patterns of atrophy are associated with impairment of memory and executive function and may underlie psychiatric symptoms; (6) Structural, functional, and metabolic network connectivities are disrupted as AD progresses. Models of prion-like spreading of Aβ pathology along WM tracts predict known patterns of cortical Aβ deposition and declines in glucose metabolism; (7) New AD risk and protective gene loci have been identified using biologically informed approaches; (8) Cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are heterogeneous and include groups typified not only by "classic" AD pathology but also by normal biomarkers, accelerated decline, and suspected non-Alzheimer's pathology; (9) Selection of subjects at risk of imminent decline on the basis of one or more pathologies improves the power of clinical trials; (10) Sensitivity of cognitive outcome measures to early changes in cognition has been improved and surrogate outcome measures using longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging may further reduce clinical trial cost and duration; (11) Advances in machine learning techniques such as neural networks have improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy especially in challenges involving MCI subjects; and (12) Network connectivity measures and genetic variants show promise in multimodal classification and some classifiers using single modalities are rivaling multimodal classifiers. DISCUSSION Taken together, these studies fundamentally deepen our understanding of AD progression and its underlying genetic basis, which in turn informs and improves clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Safavi M, Sabourian R, Abdollahi M. The development of biomarkers to reduce attrition rate in drug discovery focused on oncology and central nervous system. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:939-56. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1217196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Frédérich M, Pirotte B, Fillet M, de Tullio P. Metabolomics as a Challenging Approach for Medicinal Chemistry and Personalized Medicine. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8649-8666. [PMID: 27295417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
"Omics" sciences have been developed to provide a holistic point of view of biology and to better understand the complexity of an organism as a whole. These systems biology approaches can be examined at different levels, starting from the most fundamental, i.e., the genome, and finishing with the most functional, i.e., the metabolome. Similar to how genomics is applied to the exploration of DNA, metabolomics is the qualitative and quantitative study of metabolites. This emerging field is clearly linked to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. In addition, metabolomics provides a unique and direct vision of the functional outcome of an organism's activities that are required for it to survive, grow, and respond to internal and external stimuli or stress, e.g., pathologies and drugs. The links between metabolic changes, patient phenotype, physiological and/or pathological status, and treatment are now well established and have opened a new area for the application of metabolomics in the drug discovery process and in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege , Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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Advantages of Array-Based Technologies for Pre-Emptive Pharmacogenomics Testing. MICROARRAYS 2016; 5:microarrays5020012. [PMID: 27600079 PMCID: PMC5003488 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As recognised by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), microarray technology currently provides a rapid, inexpensive means of identifying large numbers of known genomic variants or gene transcripts in experimental and clinical settings. However new generation sequencing techniques are now being introduced in many clinical genetic contexts, particularly where novel mutations are involved. While these methods can be valuable for screening a restricted set of genes for known or novel mutations, implementation of whole genome sequencing in clinical practice continues to present challenges. Even very accurate high-throughput methods with small error rates can generate large numbers of false negative or false positive errors due to the high numbers of simultaneous readings. Additional validation is likely to be required for safe use of any such methods in clinical settings. Custom-designed arrays can offer advantages for screening for common, known mutations and, in this context, may currently be better suited for accredited, quality-controlled clinical genetic screening services, as illustrated by their successful application in several large-scale pre-emptive pharmacogenomics programs now underway. Excessive, inappropriate use of next-generation sequencing may waste scarce research funds and other resources. Microarrays presently remain the technology of choice in applications that require fast, cost-effective genome-wide screening of variants of known importance, particularly for large sample sizes. This commentary considers some of the applications where microarrays continue to offer advantages over next-generation sequencing technologies.
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Comparison of the response using ICR mice derived from three different sources to ethanol/hydrochloric acid-induced gastric injury. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:56-64. [PMID: 27051443 PMCID: PMC4816997 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for gastric ulcers produced by physical, pharmacological and surgical methods have been widely employed to evaluate therapeutic drugs and investigate the mechanism of action of this disease. ICR mice were selected to produce this model, even though several mice and rats have been widely used in studies of gastric ulcers. To compare the responses of ICR mice obtained from three different sources to gastric ulcer inducers, alterations in gastric injury, histopathological structure, and inflammation were measured in Korl:ICR (Korea NIFDS source), A:ICR (USA source) and B:ICR (Japan source) treated with three concentrations of ethanol (EtOH) (50, 70, and 90%) in 150 mM hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Firstly, the stomach lesion index gradually increased as the EtOH concentration increased in three ICR groups. Moreover, a significant increase in the level of mucosal injury, edema and the number of inflammatory cells was similarly detected in the EtOH/HCl treated group compared with the vehicle treated group in three ICR groups. Furthermore, the number of infiltrated mast cells and IL-1β expression were very similar in the ICR group derived from three different sources, although some differences in IL-1β expression were detected. Especially, the level of IL-1β mRNA in 50 and 90EtOH/HCl treated group was higher in Korl:ICR and A:ICR than B:ICR. Overall, the results of this study suggest that Korl:ICR, A:ICR and B:ICR derived from different sources have an overall similar response to gastric ulcer induced by EtOH/HCl administration, although there were some differences in the magnitude of their responses.
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Moutsatsos IK, Parker CN. Recent advances in quantitative high throughput and high content data analysis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:415-23. [PMID: 26924521 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High throughput screening has become a basic technique with which to explore biological systems. Advances in technology, including increased screening capacity, as well as methods that generate multiparametric readouts, are driving the need for improvements in the analysis of data sets derived from such screens. AREAS COVERED This article covers the recent advances in the analysis of high throughput screening data sets from arrayed samples, as well as the recent advances in the analysis of cell-by-cell data sets derived from image or flow cytometry application. Screening multiple genomic reagents targeting any given gene creates additional challenges and so methods that prioritize individual gene targets have been developed. The article reviews many of the open source data analysis methods that are now available and which are helping to define a consensus on the best practices to use when analyzing screening data. EXPERT OPINION As data sets become larger, and more complex, the need for easily accessible data analysis tools will continue to grow. The presentation of such complex data sets, to facilitate quality control monitoring and interpretation of the results will require the development of novel visualizations. In addition, advanced statistical and machine learning algorithms that can help identify patterns, correlations and the best features in massive data sets will be required. The ease of use for these tools will be important, as they will need to be used iteratively by laboratory scientists to improve the outcomes of complex analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Moutsatsos
- a Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research , Novartis - Developmental and Molecular Pathways (DMP) , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christian N Parker
- a Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research , Novartis - Developmental and Molecular Pathways (DMP) , Basel , Switzerland
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21
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Ramaiah SK, Walker DB. Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece*: Veterinary Pathologists in Translational Pharmacology and Biomarker Integration in Drug Discovery and Development. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:137-46. [PMID: 26839329 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315620051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights emerging roles for veterinary pathologists outside of traditional functions and in line with the translational research (TR) approach. Veterinary pathologists offer unique and valuable expertise toward addressing particular TR and associated translational pharmacology questions, identifying gaps and risks in biomarker and pathology strategies, and advancing TR team decision making. Veterinary pathologists' attributes that are integral to the TR approach include (i) well-developed understanding of comparative physiology, pathology, and disease; (ii) extensive experience in interpretation and integration of complex data sets on whole-body responses and utilizing this for deciphering pathogenesis and translating events between laboratory species and man; (iii) proficiency in recognizing differences in disease end points among individuals, animal species and strains, and assessing correlations between these differences and other investigative (including biomarker) findings; and (iv) strong background in a wide spectrum of research technologies that can address pathomechanistic questions and biomarker needs. Some of the more evident roles in which veterinary pathologists can offer their greatest contributions to address questions and strategies of TR and biomarker integration will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Ramaiah
- Translational Biomarkers and Clinical Pathology Labs, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana B Walker
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Puchades-Carrasco L, Pineda-Lucena A. Metabolomics in pharmaceutical research and development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:73-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Steckler T, Brose K, Haas M, Kas MJ, Koustova E, Bespalov A. The preclinical data forum network: A new ECNP initiative to improve data quality and robustness for (preclinical) neuroscience. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1803-7. [PMID: 26073278 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current limitations impeding on data reproducibility are often poor statistical design, underpowered studies, lack of robust data, lack of methodological detail, biased reporting and lack of open data sharing, coupled with wrong research incentives. To improve data reproducibility, robustness and quality for brain disease research, a Preclinical Data Forum Network was formed under the umbrella of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP). The goal of this network, members of which met for the first time in October 2014, is to establish a forum to collaborate in precompetitive space, to exchange and develop best practices, and to bring together the members from academia, pharmaceutical industry, publishers, journal editors, funding organizations, public/private partnerships and non-profit advocacy organizations. To address the most pertinent issues identified by the Network, it was decided to establish a data sharing platform that allows open exchange of information in the area of preclinical neuroscience and to develop an educational scientific program. It is also planned to reach out to other organizations to align initiatives to enhance efficiency, and to initiate activities to improve the clinical relevance of preclinical data. Those Network activities should contribute to scientific rigor and lead to robust and relevant translational data. Here we provide a synopsis of the proceedings from the inaugural meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Martien J Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Koustova
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anton Bespalov
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie, Ludwigshafen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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da Costa JP, Carvalhais V, Ferreira R, Amado F, Vilanova M, Cerca N, Vitorino R. Proteome signatures—how are they obtained and what do they teach us? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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A Novel Method for the Synthesis of (99m)Tc-Ofloxacin Kits Using D-Penicillamine as Coligand and Their Application as Infection Imaging Agent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:502680. [PMID: 26090412 PMCID: PMC4452244 DOI: 10.1155/2015/502680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The employment of radiopharmaceuticals is increasing nowadays for infection imaging and early execution of patients having infectious or inflammatory complaints. The main aim of this study was to discover a novel method for the labeling of ofloxacin with 99mTc, optimization of labelling conditions to get higher percent yield, to assess kits radiochemical purity, in vitro stability, partition coefficient, protein binding, and intracellular accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli in infected rabbits. Maximum labeling efficiency was achieved when 1.5 mg ofloxacin was labeled with 10–20 mCi sodium pertechnetate in the presence of 3 mg D-penicillamine, 75 μg SnCl2. In vitro binding and biodistribution in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli showed good results. This new complex is efficient for the imaging of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of technetium-sarafloxacin complex for infection imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Steckler T. Editorial: preclinical data reproducibility for R&D - the challenge for neuroscience. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:1. [PMID: 25674489 PMCID: PMC4320139 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Lupus Biomarker Discovery, Validation, Approval, and Impact on Clinical Trials. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-014-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Quanico J, Franck J, Gimeno JP, Sabbagh R, Salzet M, Day R, Fournier I. Parafilm-assisted microdissection: a sampling method for mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed prostate cancer protein biomarkers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4564-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Profiling of tumors using a combined MALDI MS imaging and parafilm-assisted microdissection (PAM) workflow identified candidate biomarkers of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Quanico
- Laboratoire PRISM: Protéomique
- Réponse Inflammatoire
- Spectrométrie de masse
- INSERM
- F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq
| | - J. Franck
- Laboratoire PRISM: Protéomique
- Réponse Inflammatoire
- Spectrométrie de masse
- INSERM
- F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq
| | - J. P. Gimeno
- Laboratoire PRISM: Protéomique
- Réponse Inflammatoire
- Spectrométrie de masse
- INSERM
- F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq
| | - R. Sabbagh
- Institut de Pharmacologie
- Département de Chirurgie/Service d'Urologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
| | - M. Salzet
- Laboratoire PRISM: Protéomique
- Réponse Inflammatoire
- Spectrométrie de masse
- INSERM
- F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq
| | - R. Day
- Institut de Pharmacologie
- Département de Chirurgie/Service d'Urologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
| | - I. Fournier
- Laboratoire PRISM: Protéomique
- Réponse Inflammatoire
- Spectrométrie de masse
- INSERM
- F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq
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Steckler T. Preclinical data reproducibility for R&D--the challenge for neuroscience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:317-20. [PMID: 25585680 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium,
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Feroz SR, Sumi RA, Malek SNA, Tayyab S. A comparative analysis on the binding characteristics of various mammalian albumins towards a multitherapeutic agent, pinostrobin. Exp Anim 2014; 64:101-8. [PMID: 25519455 PMCID: PMC4427724 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of pinostrobin (PS), a multitherapeutic agent with serum albumins of
various mammalian species namely, goat, bovine, human, porcine, rabbit, sheep and dog was
investigated using fluorescence quench titration and competitive drug displacement
experiments. Analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence quenching data revealed values of the
association constant, Ka in the range of 1.49 – 6.12 ×
104 M−1, with 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Based on the PS–albumin
binding characteristics, these albumins were grouped into two classes. Ligand displacement
studies using warfarin as the site I marker ligand correlated well with the binding data.
Albumins from goat and bovine were found to be closely similar to human albumin on the
basis of PS binding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevin R Feroz
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease analysis by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7865-82. [PMID: 24806343 PMCID: PMC4057708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common chronic and destructive disease. The early diagnosis of AD is difficult, thus the need for clinically applicable biomarkers development is growing rapidly. There are many methods to biomarker discovery and identification. In this review, we aim to summarize Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics studies on AD and discuss thoroughly the methods to identify candidate biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. This review will also discuss the potential research areas on biomarkers.
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Bravo À, Cases M, Queralt-Rosinach N, Sanz F, Furlong LI. A knowledge-driven approach to extract disease-related biomarkers from the literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:253128. [PMID: 24839601 PMCID: PMC4009255 DOI: 10.1155/2014/253128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical literature represents a rich source of biomarker information. However, both the size of literature databases and their lack of standardization hamper the automatic exploitation of the information contained in these resources. Text mining approaches have proven to be useful for the exploitation of information contained in the scientific publications. Here, we show that a knowledge-driven text mining approach can exploit a large literature database to extract a dataset of biomarkers related to diseases covering all therapeutic areas. Our methodology takes advantage of the annotation of MEDLINE publications pertaining to biomarkers with MeSH terms, narrowing the search to specific publications and, therefore, minimizing the false positive ratio. It is based on a dictionary-based named entity recognition system and a relation extraction module. The application of this methodology resulted in the identification of 131,012 disease-biomarker associations between 2,803 genes and 2,751 diseases, and represents a valuable knowledge base for those interested in disease-related biomarkers. Additionally, we present a bibliometric analysis of the journals reporting biomarker related information during the last 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- À. Bravo
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Cases
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Queralt-Rosinach
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. I. Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Whitehouse PJ. The end of Alzheimer's disease--from biochemical pharmacology to ecopsychosociology: a personal perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:677-81. [PMID: 24304687 PMCID: PMC3972274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The future of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field involves a more complete understanding not only the state of current scientific approaches, but also the linguistic and cultural context of preclinical and clinical research and policy activities. The challenges surrounding dementia are large and growing but are only part of broader social and health concerns. In this latter context, the current state of research in the AD area is reviewed together with necessary priorities in moving forward. Creating a more optimistic future will depend less on genetic and reductionist approaches and more on environmental and intergenerative approaches that will aid in recalibrating the study of AD from an almost exclusive focus on biochemical, molecular and genetic aspects to better encompass "real world" ecological and psychosocial models of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Whitehouse
- Department of Neurology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Kenakin T, Bylund DB, Toews ML, Mullane K, Winquist RJ, Williams M. Replicated, replicable and relevant-target engagement and pharmacological experimentation in the 21st century. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:64-77. [PMID: 24269285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A pharmacological experiment is typically conducted to: i) test or expand a hypothesis regarding the potential role of a target in the mechanism(s) underlying a disease state using an existing drug or tool compound in normal and/or diseased tissue or animals; or ii) characterize and optimize a new chemical entity (NCE) targeted to modulate a specific disease-associated target to restore homeostasis as a potential drug candidate. Hypothesis testing necessitates an intellectually rigorous, null hypothesis approach that is distinct from a high throughput fishing expedition in search of a hypothesis. In conducting an experiment, the protocol should be transparently defined along with its powering, design, appropriate statistical analysis and consideration of the anticipated outcome (s) before it is initiated. Compound-target interactions often involve the direct study of phenotype(s) unique to the target at the cell, tissue or animal/human level. However, in vivo studies are often compromised by a lack of sufficient information on the compound pharmacokinetics necessary to ensure target engagement and also by the context-free analysis of ubiquitous cellular signaling pathways downstream from the target. The use of single tool compounds/drugs at one concentration in engineered cell lines frequently results in reductionistic data that have no physiologically relevance. This overview, focused on trends in the peer-reviewed literature, discusses the execution and reporting of experiments and the criteria recommended for the physiologically-relevant assessment of target engagement to identify viable new drug targets and facilitate the advancement of translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B Bylund
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Raymond J Winquist
- Department of Integrated Biology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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HLA-B*40 allele plays a role in the development of acute leukemia in Mexican population: a case-control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:705862. [PMID: 24364037 PMCID: PMC3858009 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Among oncohematological diseases, acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are characterized by the uncontrolled production and accumulation of blasts that can lead to death. Although the physiopathology of these diseases is multifactorial, a genetic factor seems to be at play. Several studies worldwide have shown association of ALL and AML with several alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Objective. To determine gene frequencies of HLA-B alleles in Mexicans (individuals with Native American genetic background admixed with European descent) with ALL and AML. Methods. We compared the HLA-B alleles in 213 patients with ALL and 85 patients with AML to those present in 731 umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples as a control group; this was done by means of the PCR-SSP technique. Results. We found an increased frequency of the HLA-B*40 allele in ALL patients as compared to the control group (14.5% versus 9.84%, P = 0.003, OR = 1.67); this was particularly evident in a subgroup of young (less than 18 years old) ALL patients (P = 0.002, OR = 1.76); likewise, a decreased frequency of HLA-B*40 allele in AML patients was observed as compared to the control group (4.70% versus 9.84%, P = 0.02, OR = 0.42). Conclusions. These results might suggest opposing effects of the HLA-B*40 in the genetic susceptibility to develop ALL or AML and offer the possibility to study further the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation within the bone marrow lineage.
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Mullane K, Winquist RJ, Williams M. Translational paradigms in pharmacology and drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:189-210. [PMID: 24184503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The translational sciences represent the core element in enabling and utilizing the output from the biomedical sciences and to improving drug discovery metrics by reducing the attrition rate as compounds move from preclinical research to clinical proof of concept. Key to understanding the basis of disease causality and to developing therapeutics is an ability to accurately diagnose the disease and to identify and develop safe and effective therapeutics for its treatment. The former requires validated biomarkers and the latter, qualified targets. Progress has been hampered by semantic issues, specifically those that define the end product, and by scientific issues that include data reliability, an overt reductionistic cultural focus and a lack of hierarchically integrated data gathering and systematic analysis. A necessary framework for these activities is represented by the discipline of pharmacology, efforts and training in which require recognition and revitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mullane
- Profectus Pharma Consulting Inc., San Jose, CA, United States.
| | - Raymond J Winquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Winquist RJ, Mullane K, Williams M. The fall and rise of pharmacology--(re-)defining the discipline? Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:4-24. [PMID: 24070656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacology is an integrative discipline that originated from activities, now nearly 7000 years old, to identify therapeutics from natural product sources. Research in the 19th Century that focused on the Law of Mass Action (LMA) demonstrated that compound effects were dose-/concentration-dependent eventually leading to the receptor concept, now a century old, that remains the key to understanding disease causality and drug action. As pharmacology evolved in the 20th Century through successive biochemical, molecular and genomic eras, the precision in understanding receptor function at the molecular level increased and while providing important insights, led to an overtly reductionistic emphasis. This resulted in the generation of data lacking physiological context that ignored the LMA and was not integrated at the tissue/whole organism level. As reductionism became a primary focus in biomedical research, it led to the fall of pharmacology. However, concerns regarding the disconnect between basic research efforts and the approval of new drugs to treat 21st Century disease tsunamis, e.g., neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, etc. has led to the reemergence of pharmacology, its rise, often in the semantic guise of systems biology. Against a background of limited training in pharmacology, this has resulted in issues in experimental replication with a bioinformatics emphasis that often has a limited relationship to reality. The integration of newer technologies within a pharmacological context where research is driven by testable hypotheses rather than technology, together with renewed efforts in teaching pharmacology, is anticipated to improve the focus and relevance of biomedical research and lead to novel therapeutics that will contain health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Winquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Mullane
- Profectus Pharma Consulting Inc., San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Animal models of human disease: challenges in enabling translation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:162-71. [PMID: 23954708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have historically played a critical role in the exploration and characterization of disease pathophysiology, target identification, and in the in vivo evaluation of novel therapeutic agents and treatments. In the wake of numerous clinical trial failures of new chemical entities (NCEs) with promising preclinical profiles, animal models in all therapeutic areas have been increasingly criticized for their limited ability to predict NCE efficacy, safety and toxicity in humans. The present review discusses some of the challenges associated with the evaluation and predictive validation of animal models, as well as methodological flaws in both preclinical and clinical study designs that may contribute to the current translational failure rate. The testing of disease hypotheses and NCEs in multiple disease models necessitates evaluation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships and the earlier development of validated disease-associated biomarkers to assess target engagement and NCE efficacy. Additionally, the transparent integration of efficacy and safety data derived from animal models into the hierarchical data sets generated preclinically is essential in order to derive a level of predictive utility consistent with the degree of validation and inherent limitations of current animal models. The predictive value of an animal model is thus only as useful as the context in which it is interpreted. Finally, rather than dismissing animal models as not very useful in the drug discovery process, additional resources, like those successfully used in the preclinical PK assessment used for the selection of lead NCEs, must be focused on improving existing and developing new animal models.
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