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Rajak P, Roy S, Podder S, Dutta M, Sarkar S, Ganguly A, Mandi M, Dutta A, Nanda S, Khatun S. Synergistic action of organophosphates and COVID-19 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system can amplify the risk of cardiovascular maladies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116267. [PMID: 36240863 PMCID: PMC9554205 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, widely used as pesticides in agricultural fields. In addition, they serve as flame-retardants, plasticizers, antifoaming or antiwear agents in lacquers, hydraulic fluids, and floor polishing agents. Therefore, world-wide and massive application of these compounds have increased the risk of unintentional exposure to non-targets including the human beings. OPs are neurotoxic agents as they inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase at synaptic cleft. Moreover, they can fuel cardiovascular issues in the form of myocardities, cardiac oedema, arrhythmia, systolic malfunction, infarction, and altered electrophysiology. Such pathological outcomes might increase the severity of cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of mortality in the developing world. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is the ongoing global health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Similar to OPs, SARS-CoV-2 disrupts cytokine homeostasis, redox-balance, and angiotensin-II/AT1R axis to promote cardiovascular injuries. Therefore, during the current pandemic milieu, unintentional exposure to OPs through several environmental sources could escalate cardiac maladies in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Moumita Dutta
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Saurabh Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya; Gushkara, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhratanu Ganguly
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Anik Dutta
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Govt. College, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayantani Nanda
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Department of Zoology, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, West Bengal, India
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Modulation of CREB and its associated upstream signaling pathways in pesticide-induced neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2581-2593. [PMID: 35596844 PMCID: PMC9618525 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to various environmental xenobiotics throughout their life consisting of a broad range of physical and chemical agents that impart bodily harm. Among these, pesticide exposure that destroys insects mainly by damaging their central nervous system also exerts neurotoxic effects on humans and is implicated in the etiology of several degenerative disorders. The connectivity between CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) signaling activation and neuronal activity is of broad interest and has been thoroughly studied in various diseased states. Several genes, as well as protein kinases, are involved in the phosphorylation of CREB, including BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), Pi3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), AKT (Protein kinase B), RAS (Rat Sarcoma), MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase), PLC (Phospholipase C), and PKC (Protein kinase C) that play an essential role in neuronal plasticity, long-term potentiation, neuronal survival, learning, and memory formation, cognitive function, synaptic transmission, and suppressing apoptosis. These elements, either singularly or in a cascade, can result in the modulation of CREB, making it a vulnerable target for various neurotoxic agents, including pesticides. This review provides insight into how these various intracellular signaling pathways converge to bring about CREB activation and how the activated or deactivated CREB levels can affect the gene expression of the upstream molecules. We also discuss the various target genes within the cascade vulnerable to different types of pesticides. Thus, this review will facilitate future investigations associated with pesticide neurotoxicity and identify valuable therapeutic targets.
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Liu J, Han YS, Liu L, Tang L, Yang H, Meng P, Zhao HQ, Wang YH. Abnormal Glu/mGluR 2/3/PI3K pathway in the hippocampal neurovascular unit leads to diabetes-related depression. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:727-733. [PMID: 33063735 PMCID: PMC8067948 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.296418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that glutamate and hippocampal neuron apoptosis are key signals and direct factors associated with diabetes-related depression, and structural and functional damage to the hippocampal neurovascular unit has been associated with diabetes-related depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that diabetes-related depression might be associated with the glutamate (Glu)/metabotropic glutamate receptor2/3 (mGluR2/3)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, activated by glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampal neurovascular unit. To test this hypothesis, rat hippocampal neurovascular unit models, containing hippocampal neurons, astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, were treated with 150 mM glucose and 200 µM corticosterone, to induce diabetes-related depression. Our results showed that under conditions of diabetes complicated by depression, hippocampal neurovascular units were damaged, leading to decreased barrier function; elevated Glu levels; upregulated glucocorticoid receptor, vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT-3), and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) expression; downregulated excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT-1) expression; and alteration of the balance of key proteins associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/PI3K signaling pathway. Moreover, the viability of neurons was dramatically reduced in the model of diabetes-related depression, and neuronal apoptosis, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels, were increased. Our results suggest that the Glu/mGluR2/3/PI3K pathway, induced by glucocorticoid receptor activation in the hippocampal neurovascular unit, may be associated with diabetes-related depression. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China (approval No. HN-ZYFY-2019-11-12) on November 12, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Han
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Tang
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pan Meng
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research; Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Human Provincial Government and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; The Domestic First Class Construction Discipline of Chinese Medicine in Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Human Provincial Government and Ministry; The Domestic First Class Construction Discipline of Chinese Medicine in Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research; Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Human Provincial Government and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; The Domestic First Class Construction Discipline of Chinese Medicine in Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Yuan ZY, Li ZY, Zhao HQ, Gao C, Xiao MW, Jiang XM, Zhu JP, Huang HY, Xu GM, Xie MZ. Effects of different drying methods on the chemical constituents of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. based on UHPLC-MS analysis and antidepressant activity of the main chemical component regaloside A. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:992-1004. [PMID: 33352011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Lilium lancifolium Thunb. is a herb with multiple functions in both medicine and food in China, and its extracts have shown antidepressant effects. In this study, fresh bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. were processed to study the effects of different drying processes on changes in its main chemical components. We found that different drying methods can affect the chemical constituents of the herb. Among these components, Regaloside A has been found as the characteristic component. Here, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and Western blotting were used to evaluate the neuroprotective antidepressant effects of Regaloside A. The results showed the cell survival rate was improved, the phosphorylation levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin were increased after Regaloside A treatment. In general, different drying methods have a significant influence on the chemical composition of the herb, and Regaloside A may be the main chemical component of the herb. It can alleviate the damage of corticosterone in SH-SY5Y cells, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B may play an important role in the neuroprotective antidepressant effects of Regaloside A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Yuan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Wu Xiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | | | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yong Huang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Xu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Zhou Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Changsha, P. R. China
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Tsai CY, Wu JCC, Chen SM, Lin HH, Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Physiological and pathophysiological evaluation of baroreflex functionality with concurrent diffusion tensor imaging of its neural circuit in the rat. Biomed J 2019; 42:381-393. [PMID: 31948602 PMCID: PMC6962742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By measuring the prevalence of neuronal traffic between two brain structures based on the notion that diffusion of water molecules along the axon in parallel bundles will create prominent anisotropy in the direction of the passage of action potentials, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may be taken as an effective tool for functional investigations. Demonstration of complementary results obtained from synchronized DTI of the baroreflex neural circuit and physiological or pathophysiological evaluation of baroreflex functionality should validate this notion. METHODS We implemented concurrent changes in neuronal traffic within the neural circuit of the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone in the brain stem and alterations of its experimental surrogate under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We further evaluated the functional and clinical implications of results obtained from this experimental paradigm in conjunction with baroreflex induction and a mevinphos intoxication model of brain stem death. RESULTS We found that robust connectivity existed between the nucleus tractus solitarii and rostral ventrolateral medulla, the afferent and efferent nuclei of the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor. Intriguingly, this connectivity was either reversibly disrupted or irreversibly severed to reflect alterations in baroreflex responses to physiological or pathophysiological challenges. CONCLUSIONS The capability to observe simultaneous and complementary changes in neuronal traffic within the neural circuit of the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone and alterations of its experimental surrogate that bears technical, scientific and clinical implications sustains the notion that coupled with relevant physiological phenotypes, DTI can be an effective investigative tool for functional evaluations of brain stem activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline C C Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mi Chen
- Master and PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsun Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway regulates behaviors in adolescent female rats following with neonatal maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress. Behav Brain Res 2019; 362:199-207. [PMID: 30630016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The early-life aversive experiences are associated with the increased risk for adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders and neuroinflammation. So, we used neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) and chronic mild stress (CMS) to build adolescent depression model and investigate the role of microglia activation, PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in female rats. Pups in NMD group were separated from mothers for 3 h each day from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and rats in CMS group were subjected to one mild stressor each day from PND 22 to PND 42. Sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novel objective recognition test (NORT), Elevated-plus maze (EPM), marble burying test (MBT) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed from PND 42 to PND 50. Iba-1, pPI3K/PI3K, pAkt/Akt, and NF-κB expressions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were detected by Western-Blot. Contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA method. It was found NMD + CMS increased the immobility time, buried marble number, inflammatory cytokines release and reduced the sucrose consumption ratio, time ratio and distance ratio in open arm, crossing times, rearing times. Furthermore, it decreased the discrimination ratio (DR) and discrimination index (DI) in T2 phase. NMD + CMS upregulated the expression of Iba-1, pPI3K/PI3K, pacts/Akt, and NF-κB in PFC and HIP. NMD or CMS solely didn't affect all these behaviors in rats. Sertraline treatment reversed these changes after NMD + CMS. In view of our findings we propose the NMD + CMS procedure as a potentially useful animal model to analyze developmental emotional behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in adolescent female rats, which may be related with microglial activation and PI3k/Akt/NF-κB pathway upregulation.
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Tsai CY, Dai KY, Fang C, Wu JCC, Chan SHH. PTEN/FLJ10540/PI3K/Akt cascade in experimental brain stem death: A newfound role for a classical tumorigenic signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:207-212. [PMID: 30008438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite great advances in contemporary medicine, brain death still remains enigmatic and its cellular and molecular mechanisms unsettled. This review summarizes recent findings that substantiate the notion that PTEN/FLJ10540/PI3K/Akt cascade, the classical tumorigenic signaling pathway, is actively engaged in experimental brain stem death. These results were based on a clinically relevant animal model that employs the pesticide mevinphos as the experimental insult in Sprague-Dawley rats to mimic brain stem death in patients died of organophosphate poisoning. The neural substrate investigated is the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a brain stem site classically known to maintain arterial pressure (AP) and is established to be the origin of a "life-and-death" signal detected from AP, which reflects brain stem cardiovascular dysregulation that precedes death. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the RVLM upregulates the nuclear factor-κB/nitric oxide synthase II/peroxynitrite cascade, resulting in impairment of brain stem cardiovascular regulation that leads to the loss of the "life-and-death" signal in experimental brain stem death. This process is reinforced by FLJ10540, a PI3K-association protein; and is counteracted by PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling. The concept that a classical signaling pathway in tumorigenesis is also an active player in cardiovascular dysregulation in brain stem death provides new ramifications for translational medicine. It promulgates the concept that rather than focusing on a particular disease condition, a new vista for future therapeutic strategy against both fatal eventualities should target at this common cellular cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kuang-Yu Dai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi Fang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jacqueline C C Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Sun JC, Liu B, Zhang RW, Jiao PL, Tan X, Wang YK, Wang WZ. Overexpression of ß-Arrestin1 in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Downregulates Angiotensin Receptor and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:297. [PMID: 29643817 PMCID: PMC5882868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is characterized by sympathetic overactivity, which is associated with an enhancement in angiotensin receptor type I (AT1R) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). β-arrestin1, a canonical scaffold protein, has been suggested to show a negative effect on G protein-coupled receptors via its internalization and desensitization and/or the biased signaling pathway. The major objectives of the present study were to observe the effect of β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM on cardiovascular regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and further determine the effect of β-arrestin1 on AT1R expression in the RVLM. Methods: The animal model of β-arrestin1 overexpression was induced by bilateral injection of adeno-associated virus containing Arrb1 gene (AAV-Arrb1) into the RVLM of WKY and SHR. Results: β-arrestin1 was expressed on the pre-sympathetic neurons in the RVLM, and its expression in the RVLM was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated by an average of 64% in SHR than WKY. Overexpression of β-arrestin1 in SHR significantly decreased baseline levels of blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity, and attenuated cardiovascular effects induced by RVLM injection of angiotensin II (100 pmol). Furthermore, β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM significantly reduced the expression of AT1R by 65% and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation by 66% in SHR. It was confirmed that β-arrestin1 overexpression in the RVLM led to an enhancement of interaction between β-arrestin1 and IκB-α. Conclusion: Overexpression of β-arrestin1 in the RVLM reduces BP and sympathetic outflow in hypertension, which may be associated with NFκB-mediated AT1R downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, sustains brain stem cardiovascular regulation during mevinphos intoxication. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tan X, Jiao PL, Wang YK, Wu ZT, Zeng XR, Li ML, Wang WZ. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertensive rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:350-359. [PMID: 28191736 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for sympathetic outflow, is upregulated and contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This study was designed to determine the role of the PI3K signaling in neuroinflammation in the RVLM of hypertension. METHODS The normotensive WKY rats were performed by intracisternal infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or angiotensin II (Ang II) for inducing neuroinflammation. Elisa was used to determine the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K signaling pathway. Gene silencing of PI3K p110δ subunit and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were realized by injecting related lentivirus into the RVLM. RESULTS In the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the PI3K signaling in the RVLM was upregulated compared with WKY, gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM significantly reduced BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), but also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In the WKY rats, central infusion of LPS and Ang II significantly elevated BP and RSNA, but also increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PI3K signaling activation in the RVLM. These changes in the Ang II-induced hypertension were effectively prevented by gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM. Furthermore, overexpression of ACE2 in the RVLM significantly attenuated high BP and neuroinflammation, as well as decreased the activation of PI3K signaling in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the PI3K signaling in the RVLM is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertension and plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system-mediated changes in neuroinflammation in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Lei Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Miao-Ling Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medical Research, West-South Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center of Polar Medical Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Tsai CY, Li FCH, Wu CHY, Chang AYW, Chan SHH. Sumoylation of IkB attenuates NF-kB-induced nitrosative stress at rostral ventrolateral medulla and cardiovascular depression in experimental brain death. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:65. [PMID: 27658615 PMCID: PMC5034413 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a group of proteins that participates in post-translational modifications. One known SUMO target is the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) that plays a pivotal role in many disease processes; sumoylation inactivates NF-kB by conjugation with inhibitors of NF-kB (IkB). Our laboratory demonstrated previously that transcriptional upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) by NF-kB, leading to nitrosative stress by the formation of peroxynitrite in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), underpins the defunct brain stem cardiovascular regulation that precedes brain death. Based on an experimental endotoxemia model, this study evaluated the hypothesis that sumoylation plays a pro-life role in brain death by interacting with the NF-kB/NOS II/peroxynitrite signaling pathway in the RVLM. RESULTS In Sprague-Dawley rats, intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg kg-1) elicited an augmentation of SUMO-1 and ubiquitin-conjugase 9 (Ubc9) mRNA or protein levels, alongside SUMO-1-conjugated proteins in the RVLM. Immunoneutralization of SUMO-1 or Ubc9 in the RVLM significantly potentiated the already diminished sumoylation of IkBα and intensified NF-kB activation and NOS II/peroxynitrite expression in this brain stem substrate, together with exacerbated fatality, cardiovascular depression and reduction of an experimental index of a life-and-death signal detected from arterial pressure that disappears in comatose patients signifying failure of brain stem cardiovascular regulation before brain death. CONCLUSION We conclude that sumoylation of IkB in the RVLM ameliorates the defunct brain stem cardiovascular regulation that underpins brain death in our experimental endotoxemia modal by reducing nitrosative stress via inhibition of IkB degradation that diminishes the induction of the NF-kB/NOS II/peroxynitrite signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Faith C. H. Li
- Institute of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Carol H. Y. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Alice Y. W. Chang
- Institute of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Samuel H. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
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Ajibade TO, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Asenuga ER, Afolabi JM, Adedapo AA. Mitigation of diazinon-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction by gallic acid. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:66-77. [PMID: 28652848 PMCID: PMC5458106 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the link between environmental pollutants and cardiovascular dysfunction, neglected for decades, have recently provided new insights into the pathology and consequences of these killers. In this study, rats were divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats. The rats in group one served as controls and were administered normal saline, whereas the rats in group two were orally gavaged with 3 mg/kg of diazinon (DZN) alone for twenty one consecutive days. The rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered respective 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg gallic acid (GA) in addition to DZN for twenty one consecutive days. Exposure of rats to diazinon significantly (p<0.05) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were also significantly (p<0.05) elevated following DZN exposure. DZN further caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease of heart rate and QT interval prolongation. Hematologic analysis revealed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and total white blood cell count of rats administered only DZN. Observations in this study suggest a modulatory role of gallic acid in diazinon-induced anemia and associated cardiovascular dysfunction in rats. Treatment with gallic acid reversed the oxidative stress markers studied, increased the antioxidant defence system and reduced deleterious effects on hematological parameters in rats. Pathologic findings of the heart and kidney were also found to be lessened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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14
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Tsai CY, Chen CH, Chang AYW, Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Upregulation of FLJ10540, a PI3K-association protein, in rostral ventrolateral medulla impairs brain stem cardiovascular regulation during mevinphos intoxication. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:34-41. [PMID: 25449601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FLJ10540, originally identified as a microtubule-associated protein, induces cell proliferation and migration during tumorigenesis via the formation of FLJ10540-PI3K complex and enhancement of PI3K kinase activity. Interestingly, activation of PI3K/Akt cascade, leading to upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II)/peroxynitrite signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the brain stem site that maintains blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone, mediates the impairment of brain stem cardiovascular regulation induced by the pesticide mevinphos. We evaluated the hypothesis that upregulation of FLJ10540 in the RVLM is upstream to this repertoire of signaling cascade that underpins mevinphos-induced circulatory depression. Microinjection bilaterally of mevinphos (10nmol) into the RVLM of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats induced a progressive hypotension that was accompanied by an increase (Phase I), followed by a decrease (Phase II) of an experimental index for baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone. There was augmentation in FLJ10540 mRNA in the RVLM or FLJ10540 protein in RVLM neurons, both of which were causally and temporally related to an augmentation of binding between the catalytic subunit (p110) and regulatory subunit (p85) of PI3K, phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 site, and NOS II, superoxide or peroxynitrite level in the RVLM. Immunoneutralization of FJL10540 in the RVLM significantly antagonized those biochemical changes, and blunted the progressive hypotension and the reduced baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone during mevinphos intoxication. We conclude that upregulation of FLJ10540 in the RVLM elicits impairment of brain stem cardiovascular regulation that underpins circulatory depression during mevinphos intoxication via activation of PI3K/Akt/NOS II/peroxynitrite signaling cascade in the RVLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Alice Y W Chang
- Institute of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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