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Hlavica P. Key regulators in the architecture of substrate access/egress channels in mammalian cytochromes P450 governing flexibility in substrate oxyfunctionalization. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112150. [PMID: 36731371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYP) represent a superfamily of b-type hemoproteins catalyzing oxifunctionalization of a vast array of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The present review focuses on assessment of the topology of prospective determinants in substrate entry and product release channels of mammalian P450s, steering the conformational dynamics of substrate accessibility and productive ligand orientation toward the iron-oxene core. Based on a generalized, CYP3A4-related construct, the sum of critical elements from diverse target enzymes was found to cluster within the known substrate recognition sites. The majority of prevalent substrate access/egress tunnels revealed to be of fairly balanced functional importance. The hydrophobicity profile of the candidates revealed to be the most salient feature in functional interaction throughout the conduits, while bulkiness of the residues imposes steric restrictions on substrate traveling. Thus, small amino acids such as prolines and glycines serve as hinges, driving conformational flexibility in ligand passage. Similarly, bottlenecks in the tunnel architecture, being narrowest encounter points within the CYP3A4 model, have a vital function in substrate selectivity along with clusters of aromatic amino acids acting as gatekeepers. In addition, peripheral patches in conduits may house determinants modulating allosteric cooperativity between remote and central domains in the P450 structure. Remarkably, the bulk critical residues lining tunnels in the various isozymes reside in helices B'/C and F/G inclusive of their interhelical turns as well as in helix I. This suggests these regions to represent hotspots for targeted genetic engineering to tailor more sophisticated mammalian P450s exploitable in industrial, biotechnological and medicinal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hlavica
- Walther-Straub Institut fuer Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Goethestrasse 33, D80336 Muenchen, Germany.
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2
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Polymorphic cytochromes P450 in non-human primates. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:329-364. [PMID: 35953160 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, an Old World monkey) are widely used in drug development because of their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, and this trend has continued with the use of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, a New World monkey). Information on the major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) enzymes of these primate species indicates that multiple forms of their P450 enzymes have generally similar substrate selectivities to those of human P450 enzymes; however, some differences in isoform, activity, and substrate specificity account for limited species differences in drug oxidative metabolism. This review provides information on the P450 enzymes of cynomolgus macaques and marmosets, including cDNA, tissue expression, substrate specificity, and genetic variants, along with age differences and induction. Typical examples of important P450s to be considered in drug metabolism studies include cynomolgus CYP2C19, which is expressed abundantly in liver and metabolizes numerous drugs. Moreover, genetic variants of cynomolgus CYP2C19 affect the individual pharmacokinetic data of drugs such as R-warfarin. These findings provide a foundation for understanding each P450 enzyme and the individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in cynomolgus macaques and marmosets as preclinical models. In addition, the effects of induction on some drug clearances mediated by P450 enzymes are also described. In summary, this review describes genetic and acquired individual differences in cynomolgus and marmoset P450 enzymes involved in drug oxidation that may be associated with pharmacological and/or toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Schleiff MA, Dhaware D, Sodhi JK. Recent advances in computational metabolite structure predictions and altered metabolic pathways assessment to inform drug development processes. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:173-187. [PMID: 33840322 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1910292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many drug candidates fail during preclinical and clinical trials due to variable or unexpected metabolism which may lead to variability in drug efficacy or adverse drug reactions. The drug metabolism field aims to address this important issue from many angles which range from the study of drug-drug interactions, pharmacogenomics, computational metabolic modeling, and others. This manuscript aims to provide brief but comprehensive manuscript summaries highlighting the conclusions and scientific importance of seven exceptional manuscripts published in recent years within the field of drug metabolism. Two main topics within the field are reviewed: novel computational metabolic modeling approaches which provide complex outputs beyond site of metabolism predictions, and experimental approaches designed to discern the impacts of interindividual variability and species differences on drug metabolism. The computational approaches discussed provide novel outputs in metabolite structure and formation likelihood and/or extend beyond the saturated field of drug phase I metabolism, while the experimental metabolic pathways assessments aim to highlight the impacts of genetic polymorphisms and clinical animal model metabolic differences on human metabolism and subsequent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alexandra Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Deepika Dhaware
- Biotransformation and ADME, Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jasleen K Sodhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Genetic variation in the Mauritian cynomolgus macaque population reflects variation in the human population. Gene 2021; 787:145648. [PMID: 33848572 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cynomolgus macaque is an important species for preclinical research, however the extent of genetic variation in this population and its similarity to the human population is not well understood. Exome sequencing was conducted for 101 cynomolgus macaques to characterize genetic variation. The variant distribution frequency was 7.81 variants per kilobase across the sequenced regions, with a total of 2,770,009 single nucleotide variants identified from 2,996,041 loci. A large portion (85.6%) had minor allele frequencies greater than 5%. Enriched pathways for genes with high genetic diversity (≥10 variants per kilobase) were those involving signaling peptides and immune response. Compared to human, the variant distribution frequency and nucleotide diversity in the macaque exome was approximately 4 times greater; however the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous variants was similar (0.735 and 0.831, respectively). Understanding genetic variability in cynomolgus macaques will enable better interpretation and human translation of phenotypic variability in this species.
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Matsumoto S, Uehara S, Kamimura H, Ikeda H, Maeda S, Hattori M, Nishiwaki M, Kato K, Yamazaki H. Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of typical human cytochrome P450 2C9/19 substrates predicted by single-species allometric scaling using pharmacokinetic data sets from common marmosets genotyped for P450 2C19. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:479-493. [PMID: 33455494 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1871113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are small non-human primates that genetically lack cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Polymorphic marmoset CYP2C19 compensates by mediating oxidations of typical human CYP2C9/19 substrates.Twenty-four probe substrates were intravenously administered in combinations to marmosets assigned to extensive or poor metaboliser (PM) groups by CYP2C19 genotyping. Eliminations from plasma of cilomilast, phenytoin, repaglinide, tolbutamide, and S-warfarin in the CYP2C19 PM group were significantly slow; these drugs are known substrates of human CYP2C8/9/19.Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of the 24 test compounds were extrapolated using single-species allometric scaling with experimental data from marmosets and found to be mostly comparable with the reported values.Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of 15 of the 24 test compounds similarly extrapolated using reported data sets from cynomolgus or rhesus monkeys were comparable to the present predicted results, especially to those based on data from PM marmosets.These results suggest that single-species allometric scaling using marmosets, being small, has advantages over multiple-species-based allometry and could be applicable for pharmacokinetic predictions at the discovery stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Labs., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kamimura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Business Promotion Dept., CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Tokyo Animal & Diet Dept., CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Yaotsu Breeding Center, CLEA Japan, Inc., Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Nishiwaki
- Fuji Technical Service Center, CLEA Japan, Inc.., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kato
- Pharmaceutical Research Labs., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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6
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Uno Y, Shimizu M, Yoda H, Origuchi Y, Yamazaki H. Non-synonymous genetic variants of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in cynomolgus macaques. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:104-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ee Uli J, Yong CSY, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Mat Isa N, Tan SG. RNA sequencing of kidney and liver transcriptome obtained from wild cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) originating from Peninsular Malaysia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:923. [PMID: 30577850 PMCID: PMC6303865 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-4014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, this study aimed to sequence the transcriptome of kidney and liver tissues harvested from Peninsular Malaysia cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). M. fascicularis are significant nonhuman primate models in the biomedical field, owing to the macaque’s biological similarities with humans. The additional transcriptomic dataset will supplement the previously described Peninsular Malaysia M. fascicularis transcriptomes obtained in a past endeavour. Results A total of 75,350,240 sequence reads were obtained via Hi-seq 2500 sequencing technology. A total of 5473 significant differentially expressed genes were called. Gene ontology functional categorisation showed that cellular process, catalytic activity, and cell part categories had the highest number of expressed genes, while the metabolic pathways category possessed the highest number of expressed genes in the KEGG pathway analysis. The additional sequence dataset will further enrich existing M. fascicularis transcriptome assemblies, and provide a dataset for further downstream studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-4014-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Ee Uli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christina Seok-Yien Yong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrine J Rovie-Ryan
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Uno Y, Murayama N, Tamura K, Yamazaki H. Functionally relevant genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase GSTM5 in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:995-1000. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1524187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tamura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Cytochrome P450 1A1, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 Polymorphisms Account for Interindividual Variability of Toxicological Drug Metabolism in Cynomolgus Macaques. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1373-1381. [PMID: 30412386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450s) and their genetic variants in humans are important drug-metabolizing enzymes partly accounting for interindividual variations in drug metabolism and toxicity. However, these genetic variants in P450s have not been fully investigated in cynomolgus macaques, a nonhuman primate species widely used in toxicological studies. In this study, genetic variants found in cynomolgus CYP1A1, CYP2C9 (formerly CYP2C43), CYP2C19 (CYP2C75), and CYP3A4 (CYP3A8) were assessed on functional importance. Resequencing of CYP1A1 in cynomolgus macaques found 18 nonsynonymous variants, of which M121I and V382I were located in SRSs, domains potentially important for P450 function. By further analyzing these two variants, V382I was significantly associated with lower drug-metabolizing activities in the liver for the heterozygotes than the wild types. Similarly, the heterozygotes or homozygotes of CYP2C9 variants (A82V and H344R) and CYP2C19 variant (A490V) showed significantly lower drug-metabolizing activities in the liver than the wild types. Moreover, the homozygotes of CYP3A4 variant (S437N) showed significantly higher activities than the wild type in the liver. Kinetic analyses using recombinant proteins revealed that CYP2C9 variants (A82V and H344R) showed substantially lower Ks values than the wild type, although CYP1A1 variant (V382I) showed kinetic parameters similar to the wild type. Likewise, CYP2C19 variant (A490V) showed substantially a lower Vmax/ Km value than the wild type, whereas CYP3A4 variant (S437N) showed a higher Vmax/ Km value than the wild type. These results suggest the toxicologically functional importance of CYP2C9 variants (A82V and H344R), CYP2C19 variant (A490V), and CYP3A4 variant (S437N) for hepatic drug metabolism in cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan , Wakayama 642-0017 , Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
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10
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Uno Y, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Molecular and Functional Characterization of N-Acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 in Cynomolgus Macaque. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1269-1276. [PMID: 30358977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are drug-metabolizing enzymes essential for the metabolism of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics, and their molecular characteristics have been extensively investigated in humans, but not in cynomolgus macaques, nonhuman primate species important for drug metabolism studies. In this study, cynomolgus NAT1 and NAT2 cDNAs were isolated from livers. NAT1 and NAT2 were characterized by molecular analyses and drug-metabolizing assays. A total of 9 transcript variants were found for cynomolgus NAT1, similar to human NAT1, and contained 1-4 exons with the coding region largely conserved with human NAT1. Genomic organization was similar between cynomolgus macaques and humans. Cynomolgus NAT1 and NAT2 amino acid sequences showed high sequence homology (95% and 89%, respectively) and showed close relationships with human NAT1 and NAT2 in a phylogenetic tree. Cynomolgus NAT2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver among the 10 different tissues analyzed, followed by kidney and jejunum. In contrast, cynomolgus NAT1 mRNA showed more ubiquitous expression with relatively more abundant expression in liver, kidney, and jejunum, along with testis. Metabolic assays using recombinant proteins showed that cynomolgus NAT1 and NAT2 metabolized human NAT substrates, including p-aminobenzoic acid, sulfamethazine, isoniazid, and 2-aminofluorene. Interestingly, p-aminobenzoic acid and isoniazid were largely metabolized by NAT1 and NAT2, respectively, in cynomolgus macaques and humans; sulfamethazine, a human NAT2 substrate, was metabolized by both NAT enzymes in cynomolgus macaques. These results suggest molecular and enzymatic similarities of NAT1 and NAT2 between cynomolgus macaques and humans, despite some small differences in substrate specificity of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. , Kainan 642-0017 , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo 194-0042 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo 194-0042 , Japan
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11
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Uno Y, Murayama N, Kato M, Tanaka S, Ohkoshi T, Yamazaki H. Genetic Variants of Glutathione S-Transferase GSTT1 and GSTT2 in Cynomolgus Macaques: Identification of GSTT Substrates and Functionally Relevant Alleles. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1086-1091. [PMID: 30169019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a family of important drug-metabolizing enzymes, conjugating endogenous and exogenous compounds. Genetic polymorphisms result in the inter-individual variability of GST activity in humans. Especially, human GSTT1 and GSTT2 null alleles are associated with toxicity and various cancers derived from chemicals. Cynomolgus macaque, a nonhuman primate species widely used in drug metabolism studies, has molecular and enzymatic similarities of GSTs to the human orthologs; however, genetic polymorphisms have not been investigated in this species. In this study, resequencing of GSTT1 and GSTT2 in 64 cynomolgus and 32 rhesus macaques found 15 nonsynonymous variants and 1 nonsense variant for GSTT1 and 15 nonsynonymous variants for GSTT2. Some of these GSTT variants were distributed differently in Indochinese and Indonesian cynomolgus macaques and rhesus macaques. For analysis of functional relevance of the GSTT variants, 1-iodohexane and dibromomethane were determined to be suitable substrates for cynomolgus GSTT1 and GSTT2. However, the conjugation activities were roughly correlated with GSTT protein levels immunochemically quantified in cynomolgus liver samples with no statistical significances, implying the contributions of the GST genetic variants. Among the GSTT1 variants identified, the animals carrying R76C and D125G mutations showed lower conjugation activities toward dibromomethane than those of the wild-type in liver cytosolic fractions. Moreover, the recombinant R76C/D125G and D125G GSTT variant proteins showed significantly lower 1-iodohexane or dibromomethane conjugation activities than those of the wild-type protein. Therefore, inter-animal variability of GSTT-dependent drug metabolism is at least partly accounted for by GSTT1 and possibly GSTT2 variants in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. , 16-1 Minami Akasaka , Kainan 642-0017 , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Masami Kato
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Saki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohkoshi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and common marmosets in preclinical studies for humans. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:184-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Mahadhi HM, Ohura K, Hosokawa M, Imai T. Molecular characterization and polymorphisms of butyrylcholinesterase in cynomolgus macaques. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:185-191. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kainan Japan
| | | | - Hassan M.D. Mahadhi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba Institute of Science; Choshi Japan
| | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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14
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In vivo and in vitro diclofenac 5-hydroxylation mediated primarily by cytochrome P450 3A enzymes in common marmoset livers genotyped for P450 2C19 variants. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Uno Y, Igawa Y, Tanaka M, Ohura K, Hosokawa M, Imai T. Analysis of carboxylesterase 2 transcript variants in cynomolgus macaque liver. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:247-255. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1435927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Igawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Shinagawa, Japan
| | - Maori Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Uno Y, Osada N, Sakurai S, Shimozawa N, Iwata T, Ikeo K, Yamazaki H. Development of genotyping method for functionally relevant variants of cytochromes P450 in cynomolgus macaques. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:e30-e34. [PMID: 28752932 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), widely used in drug metabolism studies, CYP2C9, CYP2C76, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5, important drug-metabolizing enzymes, are abundantly expressed in liver and metabolize cytochrome P450 substrates. CYP2C9 (c.334A>C), CYP2C76 (c.449TG>A), CYP2D6 (c.891A>G), CYP3A4 (IVS3 + 1G>del), and CYP3A5 (c.625A>T) substantially influence metabolic activity of enzymes, and thus are important variants in drug metabolism studies. In this study, a real-time PCR method was developed for genotyping these variants. The validity of the methods was verified by genotyping two wild type, two heterozygous, and two homozygous DNAs and was used to genotype 41 cynomolgus macaques (from Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, or Vietnam) for the five variants, along with another important variant CYP2C19 (c.308C>T). The CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 variants were found only in Cambodian and Vietnamese animals, while the CYP2C76 and CYP2D6 variants were found only in Indonesian and Philippine animals. The CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 variants were not found in any of the animals analyzed. Mauritian animals, genotyped using next-generation sequencing data for comparison, possessed the CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 variants, but not the other variants. These results indicated differences in prevalence of these important variants among animal groups. Therefore, the genotyping tool developed is useful for drug metabolism studies using cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Japan
| | - N Osada
- Graduate School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Sakurai
- Graduate School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ikeo
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - H Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Utoh M, Kusama T, Miura T, Mitsui M, Kawano M, Hirano T, Shimizu M, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. R-warfarin clearances from plasma associated with polymorphic cytochrome P450 2C19 and simulated by individual physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for 11 cynomolgus monkeys. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:206-210. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1288945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Utoh
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Tomonori Miura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Marina Mitsui
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Mirai Kawano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Takahiro Hirano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan, and
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18
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FcγR3A and TAP1 genes impact ADCC in cynomolgus monkey PBMCs. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:241-253. [PMID: 28154890 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-0970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic variability is often observed in cynomolgus monkeys on preclinical studies and may, in part, be driven by genetic variability. However, the role of monkey genetic variation remains largely unexplored in the context of drug response. This study evaluated genetic variation in cynomolgus monkey FcγR3A and TAP1 genes and the potential impact of identified polymorphisms on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Studies in humans have demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), F158V, in FcγR3A can influence response to rituximab through altered ADCC and that SNPs in TAP1/2 decrease natural killer (NK) cell activity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I deficient cells, potentially through altered ADCC. Monkeys were genotyped for FcγR3A and TAP1 SNPs, and ADCC was assessed in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with trastuzumab in the presence of NCI-N87 cells. FcγR3A g.1134A>C (exonic S42R), FcγR3A g.5027A>G (intronic), and TAP1 g.1A>G (start codon loss) SNPs were all significantly associated with decreased ADCC for at least one trastuzumab concentration ≥0.0001 μM when compared with wild type (WT). Regression analysis demonstrated significant association of the SNP-SNP pairs FcγR3A g.1134A>C/TAP1 g.1A>G and FcγR3A g.5027A>G/TAP1 g.1A>G with a combinatorial decrease on ADCC. Mechanisms underlying the decreased ADCC were investigated by measuring FcγR3A/IgG binding affinity and expression of FcγR3A and TAP1 in PBMCs; however, no functional associations were observed. These data demonstrate that genetic variation in cynomolgus monkeys is reflective of known human genetic variation and may potentially contribute to variable drug response in preclinical studies.
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19
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Challenges in assignment of allosteric effects in cytochrome P450-catalyzed substrate oxidations to structural dynamics in the hemoprotein architecture. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 167:100-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Iwasaki K, Kitsugi Y, Ikeda K, Yoshikawa T, Hosaka S, Uehara S, Uno Y, Utoh M, Yamazaki H. In vivo individual variations in pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in cynomolgus monkeys genotyped for cytochrome P450 2C9. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:379-83. [PMID: 27417918 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkeys are used frequently in preclinical studies for new drug development due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. An antiretroviral drug, efavirenz, is a typical probe substrate for human cytochrome P450 (P450) 2B6, but is mainly metabolized by cynomolgus monkey P450 2C9. In this study, plasma concentrations of efavirenz were assessed in six cynomolgus monkeys genotyped for P450 2C9 c.334 A > C (I112L) (three wild-type, one heterozygote and two homozygotes) by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. After intravenous administration at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg, biphasic plasma elimination curves of efavirenz were seen in these cynomolgus monkeys. The mean plasma concentration of the primary metabolite 8-hydroxyefavirenz (1 h after treatment, with hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase) in the wild-type group was significantly higher (4.0-fold) than the combined heterozygous and homozygous group mean. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve value of efavirenz in the homozygous group after oral administration at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg was significantly higher (2.0-fold) than the combined wild-type and heterozygous group. These results collectively indicated that P450 2C9 c.334 A > C (I112L) variation was associated with efavirenz metabolic clearance in vivo. Cynomolgus P450 2C9 polymorphism might account for interindividual variations of efavirenz metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Iwasaki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kitsugi
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Kanami Ikeda
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hosaka
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, 642-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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21
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Utility of non-human primates in drug development: Comparison of non-human primate and human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 121:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Uehara S, Kawano M, Murayama N, Uno Y, Utoh M, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Oxidation of R- and S-omeprazole stereoselectively mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2C19 enzymes from cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 120:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Yamazaki H. Differences in Toxicological and Pharmacological Responses Mediated by Polymorphic Cytochromes P450 and Related Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:53-60. [PMID: 27750412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past 30 years has elucidated the roles of polymorphic human liver cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes associated with toxicological and/or pharmacological actions. Thalidomide exerts its various pharmacological and toxic actions in primates through multiple mechanisms, including nonspecific modification of many protein networks after bioactivation by autoinduced human P450 enzymes. To overcome species differences between rodents, currently, nonhuman primates and/or mouse models with transplanted human hepatocytes are used. Interindividual variability of P450-dependent drug clearances in cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets is partly accounted for by polymorphic P450 variants and/or aging, just as it is in humans with increased prevalence of polypharmacy. Genotyping of P450 genes in nonhuman primates would be beneficial before and/or after drug metabolism and toxicity testing and evaluation as well in humans. Genome-wide association studies in humans have been rapidly advanced; however, unique whole-gene deletion of P450 2A6 was subsequently developed to cover nicotine-related lung cancer risk study. Regarding polypharmacy, toxicological research should generally be aimed at identifying the risk of adverse drug events following specific potential drug exposures by examining single or multiple metabolic pathways involving single or multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes. Current and next-generation research of drug metabolism and disposition resulting in drug toxicity would be addressed under advanced knowledge of polymorphic and age-related intra- and/or interspecies differences of drug-metabolizing enzymes. In the near future, humanized animal models combining transplanted hepatocytes and a humanized immune system may be available to study human immune reactions caused by human-type drug metabolites. Such sophisticated models should provide preclinical predictions of human drug metabolism and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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24
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Chang K, Jiang Z, Liu C, Ren J, Wang T, Xiong J. The Effects of CYP2C19 genotype on the susceptibility for nephrosis in cardio-cerebral vascular disease treated by anticoagulation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4954. [PMID: 27661054 PMCID: PMC5044924 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the genetic factor has become one of the important predisposing factors of nephropathy susceptibility. There is a high incidence of nephropathy in CCVd. The CYP2C19 enzyme metabolizes most the drugs, including proton pump inhibitors commonly used medicines to treat CCVd, CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms is association with multi-pathogenesis factors of nephropathy. The purpose of the study is to reveal the association between CYP2C19 genotype and the susceptibility of nephropathy in the CCVd patients. The study is composed of 623 samples from CCVd treated by anticoagulation. The patients were studied, including CCVd with hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and other complication. Biochemical tests and CYP2C19 variants measurements were performed by the gene chip method. The association among CYP2C19 variants, complications, and nephropathy was analyzed in the CCVd. There is no correlation between nephropathy and complications in CCVd. In hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease and diabetes groups, the differences of renal function tests were significant between CYP2C19 mutant (P < 0.05). The nephropathy risk of wild genotype is 3.288 times higher than of mutation genotype in hyperuricemic group, 1.928 times higher than mutation genotype in coronary heart disease group, and 5.248 times higher than CYP2C19 mutation genotype in the diabetic group. There was significant correlation between the CYP2C19 wild type and the nephropathy susceptibility in CCVd patients. The CYP2C19 gene plays a potential maker to evaluate nephropathy in CCVd patients. We deduced that identification of CYP2C19 gene type may benefit for reducing and avoiding nephropathy caused by abnormal metabolism function in CCVd patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardio Vascular, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Correspondence: Jie Xiong, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (e-mail: ; )
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25
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Kawano M, Shimizu M, Toda A, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Individual Differences in Metabolic Clearance of S-Warfarin Efficiently Mediated by Polymorphic Marmoset Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:911-5. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Hosaka S, Murayama N, Satsukawa M, Uehara S, Shimizu M, Iwasaki K, Iwano S, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Similar substrate specificity of cynomolgus monkey cytochrome P450 2C19 to reported human P450 2C counterpart enzymes by evaluation of 89 drug clearances. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:636-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hosaka
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
- Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., LTD.; Shizuoka 426-8646 Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Kazuhide Iwasaki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd; Kainan Wakayama 642-0017 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Iwano
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
- Novartis Pharma K.K.; Tokyo 106-8618 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd; Kainan Wakayama 642-0017 Japan
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27
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Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Development of a genotyping tool for a functionally relevant CYP2C19 allele (Phe100Asn, Ala103Val and Ile112Leu) in cynomolgus macaques. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:147-8. [PMID: 26300440 PMCID: PMC4751135 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In cynomolgus macaques, which are widely used in drug metabolism studies, CYP2C19
(formerly known as CYP2C75) is abundantly expressed in liver, metabolizes human CYP2C
substrates and is thus an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. One of the cynomolgus
CYP2C19 alleles (p.Phe100Asn, p.Ala103Val and p.Ile112Leu) results in
substantially reduced metabolic activity and thus is an important allele in drug
metabolism studies. For this allele, a genotyping tool was developed using allele-specific
TaqMan probe. Genotyping 40 Cambodian cynomolgus macaques using this tool found 1
homozygote, 17 heterozygotes and 22 wild type animals, and the result was confirmed by
direct-sequencing. Interestingly, this allele frequency was similar to that of Chinese
cynomolgus macaques. The genotyping tool established is useful for drug metabolism studies
using cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
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28
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Utoh M, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi Y, Shimizu M, Iwasaki K, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Slow R-warfarin 7-hydroxylation mediated by P450 2C19 genetic variants in cynomolgus monkeys in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Koyanagi T, Nakanishi Y, Murayama N, Yamaura Y, Ikeda K, Yano K, Uehara S, Utoh M, Kim S, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Age-related changes of hepatic clearances of cytochrome P450 probes, midazolam andR-/S-warfarin in combination with caffeine, omeprazole and metoprolol in cynomolgus monkeys usingin vitro–in vivocorrelation. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:312-21. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.979271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Earla R, Kumar S, Wang L, Bosinger S, Li J, Shah A, Gangwani M, Nookala A, Liu X, Cao L, Jackson A, Silverstein PS, Fox HS, Li W, Kumar A. Enhanced methamphetamine metabolism in rhesus macaque as compared with human: an analysis using a novel method of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, kinetic study, and substrate docking. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:2097-108. [PMID: 25301936 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), which remains one of the widely used drugs of abuse, is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (P450) family of enzymes in humans. However, metabolism of methamphetamine in macaques is poorly understood. Therefore, we first developed and validated a very sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using solid phase extraction of rhesus plasma with a lower limit of quantitation at 1.09 ng/ml for MA and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy methamphetamine (4-OH MA), amphetamine (AM), 4-OH amphetamine (4-OH AM), and norephedrine. We then analyzed plasma samples of MA-treated rhesus, which showed >10-fold higher concentrations of AM (∼29 ng/ml) and 4-OH AM (∼28 ng/ml) than MA (∼2 ng/ml). Because the plasma levels of MA metabolites in rhesus were much higher than in human samples, we examined MA metabolism in human and rhesus microsomes. Interestingly, the results showed that AM and 4-OH AM were formed more rapidly and that the catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for the formation of AM was ∼8-fold higher in rhesus than in human microsomes. We further examined the differences in these kinetic characteristics using three selective inhibitors of each human CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. The results showed that each of these inhibitors inhibited both d- and l-MA metabolism by 20%-60% in human microsomes but not in rhesus microsomes. The differences between human and rhesus CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes were further assessed by docking studies for both d and l-MA. In conclusion, our results demonstrated an enhanced MA metabolism in rhesus compared with humans, which is likely to be caused by differences in MA-metabolizing P450 enzymes between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Earla
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Steven Bosinger
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Junhao Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Ankit Shah
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Mohitkumar Gangwani
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Anantha Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Lu Cao
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Austin Jackson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Peter S Silverstein
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Howard S Fox
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Weihua Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E., A.S., M.K.G., A.N., X.L., L.C., A.J., P.S.S., A.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (L.W., J.L., W.L.); Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.B.); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (H.S.F.)
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