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Yuan S, Zhang HM, Li JX, Li Y, Wang Q, Kong GY, Li AH, Nan JX, Chen YQ, Zhang QG. Gasotransmitters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: just the tip of the iceberg. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175834. [PMID: 37329970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by fatty lesions and fat accumulation in hepatic parenchymal cells, which is in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or definite liver damage factors. The exact pathogenesis of NAFLD is not fully understood, but it is now recognized that oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation are essential mechanisms involved in the development and treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD therapy aims to stop, delay or reverse disease progressions, as well as improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes of patients with NAFLD. Gasotransmitters are produced by enzymatic reactions, regulated through metabolic pathways in vivo, which can freely penetrate cell membranes with specific physiological functions and targets. Three gasotransmitters, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide have been discovered. Gasotransmitters exhibit the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective agents. Gasotransmitters and their donors can be used as new gas-derived drugs and provide new approaches to the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Gasotransmitters can modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and numerous signaling pathways to protect against NAFLD. In this paper, we mainly review the status of gasotransmitters research on NAFLD. It provides clinical applications for the future use of exogenous and endogenous gasotransmitters for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hua-Min Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Guang-Yao Kong
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Ao-Han Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Ying-Qing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China.
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China.
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Huang Y, Wang X, Yan C, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Liang E, Liu T, Mao J. Effect of metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31437. [PMID: 36316840 PMCID: PMC9622616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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Cao JL, Yan JB, Wu JT, Chen ZY. Research progress of sinusoidal endothelial cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1254-1260. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i21.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem associated with metabolic syndrome. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells located between the blood and other liver cell types. They are composed of window pores, have high endocytosis, and play an important role in maintaining the overall liver homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, LSECs may be the key event of a variety of chronic liver diseases. In this review, we introduce the unique physiological structure and function of LSECs, summarize the main changes of LSECs in NAFLD (including sinohepatic capillarization, angiogenesis, vasoconstriction, proinflammatory effect, and fibrosis) and their pathogenesis, and discuss the influence of LSECs on the progression of NAFLD, with an aim to demonstrate the potential efficacy of LSECS targeted therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Lu Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Command, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Bin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Command, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Ting Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Command, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Command, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Cunningham RP, Moore MP, Dashek RJ, Meers GM, Takahashi T, Sheldon RD, Wheeler AA, Diaz-Arias A, Ibdah JA, Parks EJ, Thyfault JP, Rector RS. Critical Role for Hepatocyte-Specific eNOS in NAFLD and NASH. Diabetes 2021; 70:2476-2491. [PMID: 34380696 PMCID: PMC8564406 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in hepatocytes may be an important target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we show genetic deletion and viral knockdown of hepatocyte-specific eNOS exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation, decreased hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiration, increased mitochondrial H2O2 emission, and impaired the hepatic mitophagic (BNIP3 and LC3II) response. Conversely, overexpressing eNOS in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo increased hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration and attenuated Western diet-induced NASH. Moreover, patients with elevated NAFLD activity score (histology score of worsening steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and inflammation) exhibited reduced hepatic eNOS expression, which correlated with reduced hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and lower hepatic protein expression of mitophagy protein BNIP3. The current study reveals an important molecular role for hepatocyte-specific eNOS as a key regulator of NAFLD/NASH susceptibility and mitochondrial quality control with direct clinical correlation to patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P Cunningham
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Mary P Moore
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Ryan J Dashek
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Comparative Medicine Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Grace M Meers
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | | | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Salter DM, Wei W, Nahar PP, Marques E, Slitt AL. Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) Thwarts the Beneficial Effects of Calorie Restriction and Metformin. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:82-95. [PMID: 33844015 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of calorie restriction (CR), dietary modification, and exercise is the recommended therapy to reverse obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the liver, CR shifts hepatic metabolism from lipid storage to lipid utilization pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a fluorosurfactant previously used in stain repellents and anti-stick materials, can increase hepatic lipids in mice following relatively low-dose exposures. To test the hypothesis that PFOS administration interferes with CR, adult male C57BL/6N mice were fed ad libitum or a 25% reduced calorie diet concomitant with either vehicle (water) or 100 μg PFOS/kg/day via oral gavage for 6 weeks. CR alone improved hepatic lipids and glucose tolerance. PFOS did not significantly alter CR-induced weight loss, white adipose tissue mass, or liver weight over 6 weeks. However, PFOS increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, in both mice fed ad libitum and subjected to CR. This was associated with decreased phosphorylated AMPK expression in liver. Glucagon (100 nM) treatment induced glucose production in hepatocytes, which was further upregulated with PFOS (2.5 μM) co-treatment. Next, to explore whether the observed changes were related to AMPK signaling, HepG2 cells were treated with metformin or AICAR alone or in combination with PFOS (25 μM). PFOS interfered with glucose-lowering effects of metformin, and AICAR treatment partially impaired PFOS-induced increase in glucose production. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, metformin was less effective with PFOS co-treatment. Overall, PFOS administration disrupted hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis and interfered with beneficial glucose-lowering effects of CR and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Salter
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Pragati P Nahar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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Wang XK, Peng ZG. Targeting Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells: An Attractive Therapeutic Strategy to Control Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655557. [PMID: 33935770 PMCID: PMC8082362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its advanced stage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a threatened public health problem worldwide. However, no specific drug has been approved for clinical use to treat patients with NASH, though there are many promising candidates against NAFLD in the drug development pipeline. Recently, accumulated evidence showed that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation in patients with NAFLD. LSECs, as highly specialized endothelial cells with unique structure and anatomical location, contribute to the maintenance of liver homeostasis and could be a promising therapeutic target to control liver inflammation of NAFLD. In this review, we outline the pathophysiological roles of LSECs related to inflammation of NAFLD, highlight the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of LSECs, and discuss the potential drug development strategies against NAFLD based on targeting to LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Kai Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Cunningham RP, Sheldon RD, Rector RS. The Emerging Role of Hepatocellular eNOS in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:767. [PMID: 32719616 PMCID: PMC7350778 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is comprised of a spectrum of liver injury ranging from excess fat accumulation in the liver (steatosis), to steatohepatitis (NASH), to its end stage of cirrhosis. A hallmark of NAFLD progression is the decline in function of hepatic mitochondria, although the mechanisms remain unresolved. Given the important role endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays in mitochondrial dynamics in other tissues, it has emerged as a potential mediator of maintaining mitochondrial function in the liver. In this mini review, we summarize the most relevant findings that extends current understanding of eNOS as a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and identifies a potential additional role in mitochondrial turnover and attenuating inflammation during NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P Cunningham
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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8
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Distinct Chemical Changes in Abdominal but Not in Thoracic Aorta upon Atherosclerosis Studied Using Fiber Optic Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144838. [PMID: 32650594 PMCID: PMC7402309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fiber optic Raman spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to investigate alterations in the aorta wall and the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the murine model of atherosclerosis (Apoe-/-/Ldlr-/- mice). Both abdominal and thoracic parts of the aorta were studied to account for the heterogenic chemical composition of aorta and its localization-dependent response in progression of atherosclerosis. The average Raman spectra obtained for both parts of aorta cross sections revealed that the chemical composition of intima-media layers along aorta remains relatively homogeneous while the lipid content in the adventitia layer markedly increases with decreasing distance to PVAT. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the increase of the lipid to protein ratio in the aorta wall correlates directly with the increased unsaturation level of lipids in PVAT and these changes occur only in the abdominal, but not in thoracic, aorta. In summary, distinct pathophysiological response in the aortic vascular wall could be uncovered by fiber optic Raman spectroscopy based on simple parameters detecting chemical contents of lipids in PVAT.
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Zhang Q, Niu X, Tian L, Liu J, Niu R, Quan J, Yu J, Lin W, Qian Z, Zeng P. CTRP13 attenuates the expression of LN and CAV-1 Induced by high glucose via CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway in rLSECs. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11485-11499. [PMID: 32554851 PMCID: PMC7343496 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of CTRP13 on hepatic sinusoidal capillarization induced by high glucose in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (rLSECs). Results: CTRP13 was reduced in high glucose-treated rLSECs. High glucose increased LN and CAV-1 expression and inhibited CaMKKβ and AMPK phosphorylation. CTRP13 overexpression protected rLSECs against high glucose-induced increase of LN and CAV-1 expression. Moreover, CTRP13 overexpression increased high glucose-induced inhibition of CaMKKβ and AMPK activation in CTRP13-overexpressing rLSECs. Inhibition of CaMKKβ and AMPK disturbed the protective effects of CTRP13 in high glucose-induced increase of LN and CAV-1. Hepatic steatosis was enhanced and basement membrane was thickened in liver of diabetic fatty liver rats. Conclusions: Our data identified the protective role of CTRP13 in hepatic sinusoidal capillarization induced by high glucose via activating CAMKKβ/AMPK pathway. CTRP13 may be a potential target for screening and treating diabetic fatty liver. Methods: Construct lentiviral CTRP13 overexpression vector and transfect rLSECs. Use STO-609 (a CaMKKβ inhibitor) or Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) to treat rLSECs. CTRP13, CaMKKβ, AMPK, laminin (LN) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Establish rat model of diabetic fatty liver. Use immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin-eosin and silver staining to observe the histopathological features of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang'e Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruilan Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinxing Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wenyan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zibing Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peiyun Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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10
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Tong SR, Lee TH, Cheong SK, Lim YM. Untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites of edible bird's nest through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vet World 2020; 13:304-316. [PMID: 32255973 PMCID: PMC7096308 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.304-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Edible bird's nest (EBN) is the nutrient-rich salivary bioproduct produced by swiftlets in Southeast Asia. Currently, researchers are exploring the therapeutic effects of EBN, such as cell growth promotion, antioxidant content, antiviral effects, bone strengthening, eyes care, and neuroprotection bioactivities. The therapeutic effects of EBN have been studied through different extraction methods but the metabolites profile of the EBN in each extract has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to profile the water-soluble metabolites of EBN prepared in different extraction methods. Subsequently, an extraction method will be selected as an ideal extraction method for untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites in EBN. Materials and Methods In this study, water-soluble metabolites of EBN extracted by the four extraction methods were subjected to metabolite profiling through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extraction methods were acid extraction(ABN), pancreatic extraction (EzBN), eHMG extraction, and spray drying of HMG extraction (pHMG). The metabolite profiles, such as the number of metabolites and their identities in each extraction method, were evaluated through LC-MS analysis. Results The identity of metabolites present in the four extraction methods is inconsistent. Based on LC-MS analysis, only one and six metabolites were extracted differently through EzBN and ABN, respectively, in the first pre-screening. Through the second LC-MS screening on pHMG and eHMG extraction methods, eHMG was selected as an ideal extraction method due to the highest numbers of water-soluble metabolites with an amount of 193 was detected. Besides, eHMG extraction method was able to extract sialic acid and a high percentage of secondary metabolites. Conclusion This study suggests that eHMG is the ideal extraction method for extracting higher number of water-soluble metabolites from EBN and could be further developed as an extraction method for industry application. In addition, this study also has identified the types of primary and secondary metabolites present in EBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ruo Tong
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ting-Hun Lee
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang-Mooi Lim
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Human relaxin-2 attenuates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1203-1216. [PMID: 30918325 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human relaxin-2 reduces hepatic fibrosis in mice. However, the effects of relaxin-2 on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in animals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be elucidated. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet were randomly assigned to receive recombinant human relaxin-2 (25 or 75 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. In HFD-fed mice, relaxin-2 decreased systemic insulin resistance and reduced body weight, epididymal fat mass and serum leptin and insulin concentrations. In livers of HFD-fed mice, relaxin-2 attenuated steatosis and increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and activated genes that regulate fatty acid oxidation and suppressed acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Relaxin-2 had no direct anti-steatotic effect on primary mouse hepatocytes, but S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine attenuated palmitic acid-induced steatosis and activated genes regulating fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. In mice fed an MCD diet, relaxin-2 attenuated steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Relaxin-2 increased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation and transcript levels of cytochrome P450-4a10 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase in MCD-fed mouse livers. Moreover, expression levels of Kupffer cell activation, hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatocyte apoptosis were decreased in MCD diet-fed mice receiving relaxin-2. In conclusion, relaxin-2 reduces hepatic steatosis by activating intrahepatic eNOS in HFD-fed mice and further attenuates liver fibrosis in MCD diet-fed mice. Therefore, human relaxin-2 is a potential therapeutic treatment for NAFLD.
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12
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Hammoutene A, Rautou PE. Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1278-1291. [PMID: 30797053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications are an expanding health problem associated with the metabolic syndrome. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells localized at the interface between the blood derived from the gut and the adipose tissue on the one side, and other liver cells on the other side. In physiological conditions, LSECs are gatekeepers of liver homeostasis. LSECs display anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic properties by preventing Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation and regulating intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure. This review focusses on changes occurring in LSECs in NAFLD and on their consequences on NAFLD progression and complications. Capillarization, namely the loss of LSEC fenestrae, and LSEC dysfunction, namely the loss of the ability of LSECs to generate vasodilator agents in response to increased shear stress both occur early in NAFLD. These LSEC changes favour steatosis development and set the stage for NAFLD progression. At the stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, altered LSECs release inflammatory mediators and contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, thus promoting liver injury and inflammation. Altered LSECs also fail to maintain hepatic stellate cell quiescence and release fibrogenic mediators, including Hedgehog signalling molecules, promoting liver fibrosis. Liver angiogenesis is increased in NAFLD and contributes to liver inflammation and fibrosis, but also to hepatocellular carcinoma development. Thus, improving LSEC health appears to be a promising approach to prevent NAFLD progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Inserm, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, PARCC, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Inserm, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, PARCC, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, DHU Unity, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France.
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13
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Green CJ, Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L. Of mice and men: Is there a future for metformin in the treatment of hepatic steatosis? Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:749-760. [PMID: 30456918 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, of which the first stage is steatosis. It is one of the most common liver diseases in developed countries and there is a clear association between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and NAFLD. It is estimated that 70% of people with T2DM have NAFLD and yet there is currently no licensed pharmacological agent to treat it. Whilst lifestyle modification may ameliorate liver fat, it is often difficult to achieve or sustain; thus, there is great interest in pharmacological treatments for NAFLD. Metformin is the first-line medication in the management of T2DM and evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that it may be useful in reducing liver fat via inhibition of lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Findings from the majority of studies undertaken in rodent models clearly suggest that metformin may be a powerful therapeutic agent specifically to reduce liver fat accumulation; data from human studies are less convincing. In the present review we discuss the evidence for the specific effects of metformin treatment on liver fat accumulation in animal and human studies, as well as the underlying proposed mechanisms, to try and understand and reconcile the difference in findings between rodent and human work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Green
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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14
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Kus E, Kaczara P, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Szafranska K, Zapotoczny B, Kij A, Sowinska A, Kotlinowski J, Mateuszuk L, Czarnowska E, Szymonski M, Chlopicki S. LSEC Fenestrae Are Preserved Despite Pro-inflammatory Phenotype of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Mice on High Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30809151 PMCID: PMC6379824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) maintain liver homeostasis, while LSEC dysfunction was suggested to coincide with defenestration. Here, we have revisited the relationship between LSEC pro-inflammatory response, defenestration, and impairment of LSEC bioenergetics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. We characterized inflammatory response, morphology as well as bioenergetics of LSECs in early and late phases of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. LSEC phenotype was evaluated at early (2-8 week) and late (15-20 week) stages of NAFLD progression induced by HFD in male C57Bl/6 mice. NAFLD progression was monitored by insulin resistance, liver steatosis and obesity. LSEC phenotype was determined in isolated, primary LSECs by immunocytochemistry, mRNA gene expression (qRT-PCR), secreted prostanoids (LC/MS/MS) and bioenergetics (Seahorse FX Analyzer). LSEC morphology was examined using SEM and AFM techniques. Early phase of NAFLD, characterized by significant liver steatosis and prominent insulin resistance, was related with LSEC pro-inflammatory phenotype as evidenced by elevated ICAM-1, E-selectin and PECAM-1 expression. Transiently impaired mitochondrial phosphorylation in LSECs was compensated by increased glycolysis. Late stage of NAFLD was featured by prominent activation of pro-inflammatory LSEC phenotype (ICAM-1, E-selectin, PECAM-1 expression, increased COX-2, IL-6, and NOX-2 mRNA expression), activation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins release (PGE2 and PGF2α) and preserved LSEC bioenergetics. Neither in the early nor in the late phase of NAFLD, were LSEC fenestrae compromised. In the early and late phases of NAFLD, despite metabolic and pro-inflammatory burden linked to HFD, LSEC fenestrae and bioenergetics are functionally preserved. These results suggest prominent adaptive capacity of LSECs that might mitigate NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Szafranska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Zapotoczny
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Marek Szymonski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Kochan K, Kus E, Szafraniec E, Wislocka A, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Changes induced by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes: spectroscopic imaging of single live cells at the subcellular level. Analyst 2018; 142:3948-3958. [PMID: 28944783 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide, involving pathogenic mechanisms of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatocytes and other liver cells. Here, we used a novel approach of label-free Raman confocal imaging to study primary LSECs and hepatocytes freshly isolated from the livers of mice with NAFLD induced by a high fat diet (HFD), in comparison to healthy controls. Our aim was to characterize changes in the biochemical composition in LSECs and hepatocytes that occur in a single cell at the subcellular level. LSECs from NAFLD livers displayed a significant increase in the intensity of marker bands of nuclear DNA that was not associated with changes in LSEC nucleus size. A number of changes in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were identified. However, the most prominent change in hepatocytes was a substantial increase in the degree of unsaturation of LBs' (lipid bodies) lipids in NAFLD, suggesting an increase in the de novo lipogenesis of unsaturated lipids. The confocal Raman imaging of single live cells isolated from the liver provided a unique tool to better understand disease-induced cell-specific changes in the biochemical phenotype of primary liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kochan
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
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16
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The potential role of vascular alterations and subsequent impaired liver blood flow and hepatic hypoxia in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:188-197. [PMID: 30593409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of disease ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. As there is currently no approved pharmacological therapy and the prevalence of NAFLD keeps increasing, understanding of its pathophysiology is crucial. We hypothesise that vascular alterations in early NAFLD play a role in the progression of the disease by inducing an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and consequently relative hypoxia in the liver. Evidence of the detrimental effects of hypoxia in NAFLD has already been observed in liver surgery, where the outcomes of steatotic livers after ischaemia-reperfusion are worse than in healthy livers, and in obstructive sleep apnoea, which is an independent risk factor of NAFLD. Moreover, early histological damage in NAFLD is situated in the pericentral zone, which is also the first zone to be affected by a decreased oxygen tension because of the unique hepatic vacsular anatomy that causes the pericentral oxygen tension to be the lowest. Angiogenesis is also a characteristic of NAFLD, driven by hypoxia-induced mechanisms, as demonstrated in both animal models and in humans with NAFLD. Relative hypoxia is most probably induced by impaired blood flow to the liver, caused by increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. An increased intrahepatic vascular resistance early in the development of disease has been convincingly demonstrated in several animal models of NAFLD, whereas an increased portal pressure, a consequence of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, has been proven in patients with NAFLD. Animal studies demonstrated a decreased intrahepatic effect of vasodilators and an increased reactivity to vasoconstrictors that results in an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance, thus the presence of a functional component. Pharmacological products that target vasoregulation can hence improve the intrahepatic vascular resistance and this might prevent or reverse progression of NAFLD, representing an important therapeutic option to study. Some of the drugs currently under evaluation in clinical trials for NASH have interesting properties related to the hepatic vasculature. Some other interesting drugs have been tested in animal models but further study in patients with NAFLD is warranted. In summary, in this paper we summarise the evidence that leads to the hypothesis that an increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and subsequent parenchymal hypoxia in early NAFLD is an important pathophysiological driving mechanism for the progression of the disease.
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Stachowicz A, Olszanecki R, Suski M, Wiśniewska A, Kuś K, Białas M, Jawień J, Korbut R. Quantitative proteomics reveals decreased expression of major urinary proteins in the liver of apoE/eNOS-DKO mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:711-719. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Magdalena Białas
- Chair of Pathomorphology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Chair of Pharmacology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Krakow Poland
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18
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19
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Pacia MZ, Czamara K, Zebala M, Kus E, Chlopicki S, Kaczor A. Rapid diagnostics of liver steatosis by Raman spectroscopyviafiber optic probe: a pilot study. Analyst 2018; 143:4723-4731. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopyviafiber optic probes enables assessment of the liver condition and rapid quantification of liver steatosis, thus, this technique has the potential as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z. Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Magdalena Zebala
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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20
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Kus E, Jasiński K, Skórka T, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Chlopicki S. Short-term treatment with hepatoselective NO donor V-PYRRO/NO improves blood flow in hepatic microcirculation in liver steatosis in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:463-469. [PMID: 29631249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impairment of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) function and diminished nitric oxide (NO) production has been regarded as an important pathogenic factor in liver steatosis. Restoring NO-dependent function was shown to counteract liver steatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether restored liver perfusion and improvement in hepatic blood flow contributes to the anti-steatotic effects of NO. Taking advantage of in vivo MRI, we have examined the effects of short-term treatment with the hepatoselective NO donor V-PYRRO/NO on hepatic microcirculation in advanced liver steatosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice fed for six months a high fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% of fat) were treated for 3 weeks with V-PYRRO/NO (twice a day 5mg/kg b.w. ip). An MRI assessment of liver perfusion using the FAIR-EPI method and a portal vein blood flow using the FLASH method were performed. Blood biochemistry, glucose tolerance tests, a histological evaluation of the liver, and liver NO concentrations were also examined. RESULTS Short-term treatment with V-PYRRO/NO releasing NO selectively in the liver improved liver perfusion and portal vein blood flow. This effect was associated with a slight improvement in glucose tolerance but there was no effect on liver steatosis, body weight, white adipose tissue mass, plasma lipid profile, or aminotransferase activity. CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with V-PYRRO/NO-derived NO improves perfusion in hepatic microcirculation and this effect may also contribute to the anti-steatotic effects of hepatoselective NO donors linked previously to the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Department of MRI, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Skórka
- Department of MRI, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Suraj J, Kurpińska A, Olkowicz M, Niedzielska-Andres E, Smolik M, Zakrzewska A, Jasztal A, Sitek B, Chlopicki S, Walczak M. Development, validation and application of a micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based method for simultaneous quantification of selected protein biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in murine plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:465-474. [PMID: 29172146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and validate the method based on micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (microLC/MS-MRM) for simultaneous determination of adiponectin (ADN), von Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) in mouse plasma. The calibration range was established from 2.5pmol/mL to 5000pmol/mL for ADN; 5pmol/mL to 5000pmol/mL for vWF; 0.375pmol/mL to 250pmol/mL for sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1; and 0.25pmol/mL to 250pmol/mL for SDC-1. The method was applied to measure the plasma concentration of selected proteins in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), and revealed the pro-thrombotic status by increased concentration of vWF (1.31±0.17 nmol/mL (Control) vs 1.98±0.09 nmol/mL (HFD), p <0.05) and the dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism by decreased concentration of ADN (0.62±0.08 nmol/mL (Control) vs 0.37±0.06 nmol/mL (HFD), p <0.05). In conclusion, the microLC/MS-MRM-based method allows for reliable measurements of selected protein biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in mouse plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Suraj
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpińska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Niedzielska-Andres
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Smolik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzewska
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Pharmacology, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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22
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Kus K, Kus E, Zakrzewska A, Jawien W, Sitek B, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Differential effects of liver steatosis on pharmacokinetic profile of two closely related hepatoselective NO-donors; V-PYRRO/NO and V-PROLI/NO. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:560-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Kurosaka Y, Shiroya Y, Yamauchi H, Kitamura H, Minato K. Characterization of fat metabolism in the fatty liver caused by a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet: A study under equal energy conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kochan K, Kus E, Filipek A, Szafrańska K, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Label-free spectroscopic characterization of live liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) isolated from the murine liver. Analyst 2017; 142:1308-1319. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging with the use of Raman spectroscopy enables the characterization and distinction of live cells that were freshly isolated from murine livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kochan
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - E. Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
| | - A. Filipek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - K. Szafrańska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
| | - S. Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology
| | - M. Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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Dybas J, Marzec KM, Pacia MZ, Kochan K, Czamara K, Chrabaszcz K, Staniszewska-Slezak E, Malek K, Baranska M, Kaczor A. Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of soft tissue composition – Imaging of cross-sections of various organs vs. single spectra of tissue homogenates. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bar A, Skórka T, Jasiński K, Sternak M, Bartel Ż, Tyrankiewicz U, Chlopicki S. Retrospectively gated MRI for in vivo assessment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and endothelial permeability in murine models of endothelial dysfunction. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1088-97. [PMID: 27348596 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is linked to impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and permeability changes. Here, we quantify both of these phenomena associated with endothelial dysfunction by MRI in vivo in mice. Endothelial function was evaluated in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) and left carotid artery (LCA) in ApoE/LDLR(-/-) and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice as compared with control mice (C57BL/6J). The 3D IntraGate® FLASH sequence was used for evaluation of changes in vessels' cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume following acetylcholine (Ach) administration. Evaluation of endothelial permeability after administration of contrast agent (Galbumin, BioPAL) was based on the variable flip angle method for the assessment of parameters based on the relaxation time (T1 ) value. In order to confirm the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in response to Ach, L-NAME-treated mice were also analyzed. To confirm that endothelial permeability changes accompany the impairment of Ach-dependent vasodilatation, permeability changes were analyzed in isolated, perfused carotid artery. In C57BL/6J mice, Ach-induced vasodilatation led to an approximately 25% increase in CSA in both vessels, which was temporarily dissociated from the effect of Ach on heart rate. In ApoE/LDLR(-/-) or HFD-fed mice Ach induced a paradoxical vasoconstriction that amounted to approximately 30% and 50% decreases in CSA of BCA and LCA respectively. In ApoE/LDLR(-/-) and HFD-fed mice endothelial permeability in BCA was also increased (fall in T1 by about 25%). In L-NAME-treated mice Ach-induced vasodilatation in BCA was lost. In isolated, perfused artery from ApoE/LDLR(-/-) mice endothelial permeability was increased. MRI-based assessment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation induced by Ach and endothelial permeability using a retrospectively self-gated 3D gradient-echo sequence (IntraGate® FLASH) enables the reliable detection of systemic endothelial dysfunction in mice and provides an important tool for the experimental pharmacology of the endothelium in murine models of diseases in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skórka
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Żaneta Bartel
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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27
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Protective Effects of Agmatine against Chlorpromazine- Induced Toxicity in the Liver of Wistar Rats. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe metabolic pathways of chlorpromazine (CPZ) toxicity were tracked by assessing oxidative/nitrosative stress markers. The main objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that agmatine (AGM) prevents oxidative/nitrosative stress in the liver of Wistar rats 15 days after administration of CPZ. All tested substances were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 15 consecutive days. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group (C, 0.9 % saline solution), the CPZ group (CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w.), the CPZ+AGM group (AGM, 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after CPZ, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and the AGM group (AGM, 75 mg/kg b.w.).Rats were decapitated 15 days after the appropriate treatment. In the CPZ group, CPZ concentration was significantly increased compared to C values (p<0.01), while AGM treatment induced the significant decrease in CPZ concentration in the CPZ+AGM group (p<0.05) and the AGM group (p<0.01). CPZ application to healthy rats did not lead to any changes of lipid peroxidation in the liver compared to the C group, but AGM treatment decreased that parameter compared to the CPZ group (p<0.05). In CPZ liver homogenates, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were increased compared to controls (p<0.001), and AGM treatment diminished that parameter in the CPZ group (p<0.05), as well as in the AGM group (p<0.001). In CPZ animals, glutathione level and catalase activity were decreased in comparison with C values (p<0.01 respectively), but AGM treatment increased the activity of catalase in comparison with CPZ animals (p<0.05 respectively). Western blot analysis supported biochemical findings in all groups. Our results showed that treatment with AGM significantly supressed the oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters and restored antioxidant defense in rat liver.
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Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Kus K, Walczak M, Maslak E, Zakrzewska A, Gonciarz-Dytman A, Zabielski P, Sitek B, Wandzel K, Kij A, Chabowski A, Holland RJ, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK, Chlopicki S. Hepatoselective Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors, V-PYRRO/NO and V-PROLI/NO, in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comparison of Antisteatotic Effects with the Biotransformation and Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1028-36. [PMID: 25870102 PMCID: PMC11024901 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
V-PYRRO/NO [O(2)-vinyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] and V-PROLI/NO (O2-vinyl-[2-(carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate), two structurally similar diazeniumdiolate derivatives, were designed as liver-selective prodrugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, with subsequent release of nitric oxide (NO). Yet, their efficacy in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their comparative pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles have not been characterized. The aim of the present work was to compare the effects of V-PYRRO/NO and V-PROLI/NO on liver steatosis, glucose tolerance, and liver fatty acid composition in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet, as well as to comprehensively characterize the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) profiles of both NO donors. Despite their similar structure, V-PYRRO/NO and V-PROLI/NO showed differences in pharmacological efficacy in the murine model of NAFLD. V-PYRRO/NO, but not V-PROLI/NO, attenuated liver steatosis, improved glucose tolerance, and favorably modified fatty acid composition in the liver. Both compounds were characterized by rapid absorption following i.p. administration, rapid elimination from the body, and incomplete bioavailability. However, V-PYRRO/NO was eliminated mainly by the liver, whereas V-PROLI/NO was excreted mostly in unchanged form by the kidney. V-PYRRO/NO was metabolized by CYP2E1, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, whereas V-PROLI/NO was metabolized mainly by CYP1A2. Importantly, V-PYRRO/NO was a better NO releaser in vivo and in the isolated, perfused liver than V-PROLI/NO, an effect compatible with the superior antisteatotic activity of V-PYRRO/NO. In conclusion, V-PYRRO/NO displayed a pronounced antisteatotic effect associated with liver-targeted NO release, whereas V-PROLI/NO showed low effectiveness, was not taken up by the liver, and was eliminated mostly in unchanged form by the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Edyta Maslak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzewska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Anna Gonciarz-Dytman
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Krystyna Wandzel
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Ryan J Holland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Joseph E Saavedra
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Larry K Keefer
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (K.K., M.W., E.M., A.Z., A.G.-D., B.S., K.W., A.K., S.Ch.), Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Medical College (K.K., M.W., A.G.-D., A.K.), and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Medical College (S.Ch.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (P.Z., A.Ch.); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland (J.E.S.); and Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (R.J.H., L.K.K.)
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30
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Maslak E, Gregorius A, Chlopicki S. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) function and NAFLD; NO-based therapy targeted to the liver. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:689-94. [PMID: 26321269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) present unique, highly specialised endothelial cells in the body. Unlike the structure and function of typical, vascular endothelial cells, LSECs are comprised of fenestrations, display high endocytic capacity and play a prominent role in maintaining overall liver homeostasis. LSEC dysfunction has been regarded as a key event in multiple liver disorders; however, its role and diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still neglected. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the importance of LSECs in NAFLD. Attention is focused on the LSECs-mediated NO-dependent mechanisms in NAFLD development. We briefly describe the unique, highly specialised phenotype of LSECs and consequences of LSEC dysfunction on function of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes. The potential efficacy of liver selective NO donors against liver steatosis and novel treatment approaches to modulate LSECs-driven liver pathology including NAFLD are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Maslak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gregorius
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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